Yaaa aiyuhan naasut taqoo Rabbakumul lazee khalaqakum min nafsinw waahidatinw wa khalaqa minhaa zawjahaa wa bas sa minhumaa rijaalan kaseeranw wa nisaaa'aa; wattaqul laahallazee tasaaa 'aloona bihee wal arhaam; innal laaha kaana 'alaikum Raqeeba
O mankind! reverence your Lord, who created you from a single person, created, of like nature, His mate, and from them twain scattered [like seeds] countless men and women;- reverence Allah, through whom you demand your mutual [rights], and [reverence] the wombs [That bore you]: for Allah ever watches over you.
Commentary of verse 4:1
All humanity shares a common origin, descended from the same man and woman. This fundamental unity means people should treat one another with kindness and fairness, as members of one extended family. This bond becomes especially strong within close family ties, where good conduct carries even greater importance. Treating others well is not simply a moral duty, but a matter of personal consequence, because all are accountable to the Almighty, who will judge everyone in the Hereafter according to their actions. Human interactions should therefore be seen not merely as dealings between individuals, but as matters between each person and God. Fear of God should guide behaviour, ensuring respect for the limits He has set. A hadith records that God says He will remain close to those who strengthen family ties and distance Himself from those who sever them. This shows that one's relationship with God is tested through how one treats others. Whoever deals justly and compassionately with people truly reveres the Creator. While fairness and compassion are essential throughout society, they are especially critical in maintaining family harmony, second in importance only to devotion to God Himself.
Wa aatul yataamaaa amwaalahum wa laa tatabad dalul khabeesa bittaiyibi wa laa taakulooo amwaalahum ilaaa amwaalikum; innahoo kaana hooban kabeeraa
To orphans restore their property [When they reach their age], nor substitute [your] worthless things for [their] good ones; and devour not their substance [by mixing it up] with your own. For this is indeed a great sin.
Commentary of verses 4:2 to 4:4
Orphans are among the most vulnerable members of any family or society, and how they are treated is a true test of God-consciousness. They deserve justice, compassion, and the fullest protection of their rights. It is a serious sin to divide shared property unfairly, giving some people valuable portions while others receive worthless ones, merely to make the distribution appear balanced on paper.
Wa in khiftum allaa tuqsitoo fil yataamaa fankihoo maa taaba lakum minan nisaaa'i masnaa wa sulaasa wa rubaa'a fa'in khiftum allaa ta'diloo fawaahidatan aw maa malakat aimaanukum; zaalika adnaaa allaa ta'ooloo
If you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, Marry women of your choice, Two or three or four; but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly [with them], then only one, or [a captive] that your right hands possess, that will be more suitable, to prevent you from doing injustice.
Commentary of verses 4:2 to 4:4
Orphans are among the most vulnerable members of any family or society, and how they are treated is a true test of God-consciousness. They deserve justice, compassion, and the fullest protection of their rights. It is a serious sin to divide shared property unfairly, giving some people valuable portions while others receive worthless ones, merely to make the distribution appear balanced on paper.
Wa aatun nisaaa'a sadu qaatihinna nihlah; fa in tibna lakum 'an shai'im minhu nafsan fakuloohu hanee'am mareee'aa
And give the women [on marriage] their dower as a free gift; but if they, of their own good pleasure, remit any part of it to you, Take it and enjoy it with right good cheer.
Commentary of verses 4:2 to 4:4
Orphans are among the most vulnerable members of any family or society, and how they are treated is a true test of God-consciousness. They deserve justice, compassion, and the fullest protection of their rights. It is a serious sin to divide shared property unfairly, giving some people valuable portions while others receive worthless ones, merely to make the distribution appear balanced on paper.
Wa laa tu'tus sufahaaa'a amwaalakumul latee ja'alal laahu lakum qiyaamanw-warzuqoohum feehaa waksoohum wa qooloo lahum qawlam ma'roofaa
To those weak of understanding Make not over your property, which Allah has made a means of support for you, but feed and clothe them therewith, and speak to them words of kindness and justice.
Commentary of verses 4:5 to 4:6
Wealth is not meant for indulgence or displays of pride; it is a means of sustaining life in this world. It should neither become life's ultimate goal nor be wasted carelessly. When property falls into the wrong hands, every effort must be made to restore it to its rightful owner. Misusing someone's belongings disrupts God's provision for His servants. This is especially true for orphans, society's weakest members, whose property must be safeguarded and managed with the utmost fairness. Any settlement involving orphans should be documented and witnessed, ensuring the executor fulfils their duty honourably without room for future disputes. Those entrusted with others' affairs must remember that any injustice is fully known to God. Even if the wronged person is too weak to seek redress in this life, God will hold the wrongdoer accountable on the Day of Judgement. This reckoning is certain and unavoidable.
Wabtalul yataamaa hattaaa izaa balaghun nikaaha fa in aanastum minhum rushdan fad fa'ooo ilaihim amwaalahum wa laa taa kuloohaaa israafanw wa bidaaran ai yakbaroo; wa mai kaana ghaniyyan falyasta' fif wa mai kaana faqeeran falyaakul bilma'roof; fa izaa dafa'tum ilaihim amwaalahum fa'ashhidoo 'alaihim; wa kafaa billaahi Haseeba
Make trial of orphans until they reach the age of marriage; if then you find sound judgement in them, release their property to them; but consume it not wastefully, nor in haste against their growing up. If the guardian is well-off, Let him claim no remuneration, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and reasonable.
When you release their property to them, take witnesses in their presence: But all-sufficient is Allah in taking account.
Commentary of verses 4:5 to 4:6
Wealth is not meant for indulgence or displays of pride; it is a means of sustaining life in this world. It should neither become life's ultimate goal nor be wasted carelessly. When property falls into the wrong hands, every effort must be made to restore it to its rightful owner. Misusing someone's belongings disrupts God's provision for His servants. This is especially true for orphans, society's weakest members, whose property must be safeguarded and managed with the utmost fairness. Any settlement involving orphans should be documented and witnessed, ensuring the executor fulfils their duty honourably without room for future disputes. Those entrusted with others' affairs must remember that any injustice is fully known to God. Even if the wronged person is too weak to seek redress in this life, God will hold the wrongdoer accountable on the Day of Judgement. This reckoning is certain and unavoidable.
Lirrijaali naseebum mimmaa tarakal waalidaani wal aqraboona wa lin nisaaa'i naseebum mimmaa tarakal waalidaani wal aqraboona mimmaa qalla minhu aw kasur; naseebam mafroodaa
From what is left by parents and those nearest related there is a share for men and a share for women, whether the property be small or large,a determinate share.
Commentary of verses 4:7 to 4:10
In this world, someone may seize another's rights unlawfully. But whatever is taken unjustly is like filling one's stomach with fire. Though this reality may not be obvious here, it will become unmistakably clear in the Hereafter. People have freedom of action in this life, but they cannot control the consequences of their deeds. Anyone who wishes to avoid terrible outcomes must refrain from wronging others. Instead, they should cultivate generosity and, according to their means, give to others. If unable to benefit anyone materially, they should at least, by Islamic standards, avoid causing hurt. One should speak truthfully and plainly, or else remain silent.
Wa izaa hadaral qismata ulul qurbaa walyataamaa walmasaakeenu farzuqoohum minhu wa qooloo lahum qawlam ma'roofaa
But if at the time of division other relatives, or orphans or poor, are present, feed them out of the [property], and speak to them words of kindness and justice.
Commentary of verses 4:7 to 4:10
In this world, someone may seize another's rights unlawfully. But whatever is taken unjustly is like filling one's stomach with fire. Though this reality may not be obvious here, it will become unmistakably clear in the Hereafter. People have freedom of action in this life, but they cannot control the consequences of their deeds. Anyone who wishes to avoid terrible outcomes must refrain from wronging others. Instead, they should cultivate generosity and, according to their means, give to others. If unable to benefit anyone materially, they should at least, by Islamic standards, avoid causing hurt. One should speak truthfully and plainly, or else remain silent.
Walyakhshal lazeena law tarakoo min khalfihim zurriyyatan di'aafan khaafoo 'alaihim falyattaqul laaha walyaqooloo qawlan sadeedaa
Let those [disposing of an estate] have the same fear in their minds as they would have for their own if they had left a helpless family behind: Let them fear Allah, and speak words of appropriate [comfort].
Commentary of verses 4:7 to 4:10
In this world, someone may seize another's rights unlawfully. But whatever is taken unjustly is like filling one's stomach with fire. Though this reality may not be obvious here, it will become unmistakably clear in the Hereafter. People have freedom of action in this life, but they cannot control the consequences of their deeds. Anyone who wishes to avoid terrible outcomes must refrain from wronging others. Instead, they should cultivate generosity and, according to their means, give to others. If unable to benefit anyone materially, they should at least, by Islamic standards, avoid causing hurt. One should speak truthfully and plainly, or else remain silent.
Those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans, eat up a Fire into their own bodies: They will soon be enduring a Blazing Fire!
Commentary of verses 4:7 to 4:10
In this world, someone may seize another's rights unlawfully. But whatever is taken unjustly is like filling one's stomach with fire. Though this reality may not be obvious here, it will become unmistakably clear in the Hereafter. People have freedom of action in this life, but they cannot control the consequences of their deeds. Anyone who wishes to avoid terrible outcomes must refrain from wronging others. Instead, they should cultivate generosity and, according to their means, give to others. If unable to benefit anyone materially, they should at least, by Islamic standards, avoid causing hurt. One should speak truthfully and plainly, or else remain silent.
Yooseekumul laahu feee awlaadikum liz zakari mislu hazzil unsayayn; fa in kunna nisaaa'an fawqas nataini falahunna suhusaa maa taraka wa in kaanat waahidatan falahan nisf; wa li abawaihi likulli waahidim minhumas sudusu mimmma taraka in kaana lahoo walad; fa il lam yakul lahowaladunw wa warisahooo abawaahu fali ummihis sulus; fa in kaana lahoo ikhwatun fali ummihis sudus; mim ba'di wasiyyatiny yoosee bihaaa aw dayn; aabaaa'ukum wa abnaaa'ukum laa tadroona aiyuhum aqrabu lakum naf'aa; fareedatam minallaah; innal laaha kaana 'Aleeman Hakeemaa
Allah [thus] directs you as regards your Children's [Inheritance]: to the male, a portion equal to that of two females: if only daughters, two or more, their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is a half. For parents, a sixth share of the inheritance to each, if the deceased left children;
if no children, and the parents are the [only] heirs, the mother has a third; if the deceased Left brothers [or sisters] the mother has a sixth. (The distribution in all cases ('s) after the payment of legacies and debts. You know not whether your parents or your children are nearest to you in benefit. These are settled portions ordained by Allah;
and Allah is Knowing, Al-wise.
Commentary of verses 4:11 to 4:11
Those who discover the truth through Allah's guidance often face harsh opposition when they share it, because accepting truth requires setting aside the ego. This was especially difficult for the People of the Book, who believed prophethood was their exclusive heritage. Unable to accept a prophet from outside their own lineage, they sought to discredit the Arab Prophet.
One objection they raised concerned abrogation. Some Quranic rulings differed from Mosaic law, so they claimed, 'Does God make mistakes that He sends one command, then replaces it? Surely this is not from God, but from Muhammad himself.' This propaganda grew so intense that even some simple-minded Muslims began to doubt, asking the Prophet about it.
Wa lakum nisfu maa taraka azwaajukum il lam yakul lahunna walad; fa in kaana lahunna waladun falakumur rub'u mimmaa tarakna mim ba'di wasiyyatiny yooseena bihaaa aw dayn; wa lahunnar rubu'u mimmaa tarakum il lam yakul lakum walad; fa in kaana lakum waladun falahunnas sumunu mimmaa taraktum; mim ba'di wasiyyatin toosoona bihaaa aw dayn; wa in kaana rajuluny yoorasu kalaalatan awim ra atunw wa lahooo akhun aw ukhtun falikulli waahidim minhumas sudus; fa in kaanooo aksara min zaalika fahum shurakaaa'u fissulusi mim ba'di wasiyyatiny yoosaa bihaaa aw dainin ghaira mudaaarr; wasiyyatam minal laah; wallaahu 'Aleemun Haleem
In what your wives leave, your share is a half, if they leave no child; but if they leave a child, you get a fourth; after payment of legacies and debts. In what you leave, their share is a fourth, if you leave no child; but if you leave a child, they get an eighth; after payment of legacies and debts.
If the man or woman whose inheritance is in question, has left neither ascendants nor descendants, but has left a brother or a sister, each one of the two gets a sixth; but if more than two, they share in a third; after payment of legacies and debts; so that no loss is caused [to any one]. Thus is it ordained by Allah;
and Allah is Knowing, Most Forbearing.
Commentary of verses 4:12 to 4:14
How we handle orphans' rights, honour wills, and distribute inheritance are matters that carry eternal consequences. Islamic law permits bequeathing up to one-third of one's estate, but using a will to wrongfully deprive someone of their lawful share is a grave sin that could lead to punishment in the Hereafter.
These divine rulings are not about personal preference or family politics—they are God's commands, designed to uphold justice. Following them with sincerity opens the door to Paradise, while violating them out of greed or bias risks condemnation. The believer must submit to Allah's wisdom in these matters, trusting that His laws reflect perfect knowledge and fairness.
Tilka hudoodul laah; wa mai yuti'il laaha wa Rasoolahoo yudkhilhu Jannaatin tajree min tahtihal anhaaru khaalideena feehaa; wa zaalikal fawzul 'azeem
Those are limits set by Allah: those who obey Allah and His Messenger will be admitted to Gardens with rivers flowing beneath, to abide therein [for ever] and that will be the supreme achievement.
Commentary of verse 4:13
Human legal systems have always carried bias. In ancient tribal societies, only sons inherited because they were seen as assets to the tribe's strength, leaving daughters with nothing. Modern trends have swung the other way, treating sons and daughters identically. Yet if the old system was unjust, the new one overlooks practical realities.
Only God's law is free from all prejudice. His infinite knowledge has shaped inheritance rules that are not only fair in this life but deeply connected to our fate in the next. These divine guidelines offer true social justice rooted in wisdom beyond human capacity.
Wa mai ya'sil laaha wa Rasoolahoo wa yata'adda hudoodahoo yudkhilhu Naaran khaalidan feehaa wa lahoo 'azaabum muheen
But those who disobey Allah and His Messenger and transgress His limits will be admitted to a Fire, to abide therein: And they shall have a humiliating punishment.
Commentary of verses 4:12 to 4:14
How we handle orphans' rights, honour wills, and distribute inheritance are matters that carry eternal consequences. Islamic law permits bequeathing up to one-third of one's estate, but using a will to wrongfully deprive someone of their lawful share is a grave sin that could lead to punishment in the Hereafter.
These divine rulings are not about personal preference or family politics—they are God's commands, designed to uphold justice. Following them with sincerity opens the door to Paradise, while violating them out of greed or bias risks condemnation. The believer must submit to Allah's wisdom in these matters, trusting that His laws reflect perfect knowledge and fairness.
Wallaatee yaateenal faahishata min nisaaa'ikum fastashhidoo 'alaihinna arba'atam minkum fa in shahidoo fa amsikoohunna fil buyooti hatta yatawaffaa hunnal mawtu aw yaj'alal laahu lahunna sabeelaa
If any of your women are guilty of lewdness, Take the evidence of four [Reliable] witnesses from amongst you against them; and if they testify, confine them to houses until death do claim them, or Allah ordain for them some [other] way.
Commentary of verses 4:15 to 4:16
When someone commits a moral or legal wrong in Islam, they must be dealt with according to proper procedure—not through arbitrary judgement. No one should be branded a criminal without due process, nor should punishment be meted out hastily, even when guilt is proven. Justice cannot be served through tyranny.
If a sinner admits their fault and sincerely reforms, we are called to show mercy and forgiveness. People should not be judged forever by their past mistakes. Since Allah Himself pardons those who truly repent and turn back to righteousness, no human has the right to mock or belittle someone who has changed. Those who ridicule former wrongdoers may themselves fall into sin tomorrow.
Wallazaani yaatiyaanihaa minkum fa aazoohumaa fa in taabaa wa aslahaa fa a'ridoo 'anhumaaa; innal laaha kaana Tawwaabar Raheema
If two men among you are guilty of lewdness, punish them both. If they repent and amend, Leave them alone; for Allah is Accepting of repentance, Most Merciful.
Commentary of verses 4:15 to 4:16
When someone commits a moral or legal wrong in Islam, they must be dealt with according to proper procedure—not through arbitrary judgement. No one should be branded a criminal without due process, nor should punishment be meted out hastily, even when guilt is proven. Justice cannot be served through tyranny.
If a sinner admits their fault and sincerely reforms, we are called to show mercy and forgiveness. People should not be judged forever by their past mistakes. Since Allah Himself pardons those who truly repent and turn back to righteousness, no human has the right to mock or belittle someone who has changed. Those who ridicule former wrongdoers may themselves fall into sin tomorrow.
Innamat tawbatu 'alallaahi lillazeena ya'maloonas sooo'a bijahaalatin summa yatooboona min qareebin faulaaika yatoobul laahu 'alaihim; wa kaanal laahu 'Aleeman Hakeemaa
Allah accept the repentance of those who do evil in ignorance and repent soon afterwards; to them will Allah turn in mercy: For Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom.
Commentary of verses 4:17 to 4:18
True repentance is not merely saying the words. It requires deep awareness of one's wrongdoing and genuine remorse—so intense it feels like self-inflicted punishment. Allah accepts the repentance of those who turn back to Him out of sincere regret and fear of His judgement.
But He does not accept the hollow apologies of those who knowingly persist in sin, ignoring every warning, only to cry out for forgiveness when death approaches. Nor does He accept the regret of those who acknowledge their wrongs only after witnessing the realities of the Hereafter. Real repentance happens when a person, overwhelmed by conscience after a moment of weakness, abandons wrongdoing and returns to the right path—reforming their life in accordance with divine guidance. Such a person is like someone who, having lost their way, finally finds the road home.
Wa laisatit tawbatu lillazeena ya'maloonas saiyiaati hattaaa izaa hadara ahadahumul mawtu qaala innee tubtul 'aana wa lallazeena yamootoona wa hum kuffaar; ulaaa'ika a'tadnaa lahum 'azaaban aleemaa
Of no effect is the repentance of those who continue to do evil, until death faces one of them, and he says, "Now have I repented indeed;" nor of those who die rejecting Faith: for them have We prepared a punishment most grievous.
Commentary of verses 4:17 to 4:18
True repentance is not merely saying the words. It requires deep awareness of one's wrongdoing and genuine remorse—so intense it feels like self-inflicted punishment. Allah accepts the repentance of those who turn back to Him out of sincere regret and fear of His judgement.
But He does not accept the hollow apologies of those who knowingly persist in sin, ignoring every warning, only to cry out for forgiveness when death approaches. Nor does He accept the regret of those who acknowledge their wrongs only after witnessing the realities of the Hereafter. Real repentance happens when a person, overwhelmed by conscience after a moment of weakness, abandons wrongdoing and returns to the right path—reforming their life in accordance with divine guidance. Such a person is like someone who, having lost their way, finally finds the road home.
Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo laa yahillu lakum an tarisun nisaaa'a karhan wa laa ta'duloohunna litazhaboo biba'di maaa aataitumoohunna illaaa ai yaateena bifaahishatim bubaiyinah; wa 'aashiroo hunna bilma'roof; fa in karihtumoohunna fa'asaaa an takrahoo shai'anw wa yaj'alal laahu feehi khairan kaseeraa
O you who have believed, You are forbidden to inherit women against their will. Nor should you treat them with harshness, that you may Take away part of the dower you have given them,except where they have been guilty of open lewdness; on the contrary live with them on a footing of kindness and equity.
If you take a dislike to them it may be that you dislike a thing, and Allah brings about through it a great deal of good.
Commentary of verses 4:19 to 4:20
While heirs rightfully inherit a deceased person's property, a widow must never be treated as part of that estate. Property is lifeless and can be divided, but human beings have feelings, dignity, and free will. A woman has the right to choose her own future.
If a wife has certain flaws—whether physical or temperamental—these should be endured with patience, allowing her to contribute her strengths to the household. Overlooking imperfections and adjusting gracefully is the foundation of family and social harmony. Those who practise patience for Allah's sake will earn Paradise.
When someone dislikes their spouse and chooses separation, it is common to exaggerate faults or fabricate accusations to justify the decision. This is a betrayal of trust. Whether spoken or unspoken, the marriage covenant is sacred before God and must be honoured by both parties, leaving no room for deceit or manipulation.
Wa in arattumustib daala zawjim makaana zawjin wa aataitum ihdaahunna qintaaran falaa taakhuzoo minhu shai'aa; ataakhuzoonahoo buhtaannanw wa ismam mubeenaa
But if you decide to take one wife in place of another, even if you had given the latter a whole treasure for dower, Take not the least bit of it back: Would you take it by slander and manifest wrong?
Commentary of verse 4:20
Rejecting the call to truth and persecuting those who follow it are unforgivable offences before Allah. While other sins may arise from human weakness, opposing divine guidance stems from arrogance and rebellion—crimes Allah will not pardon unless the person admits their error and abandons their defiance.
When truth is delivered in its pure form, without compromise, it is always a divine mission backed by Allah's support. To oppose such a mission is to stand against God Himself—and no one can succeed in that. A believer's actions are rooted in God. Though they may stumble, when they turn back to Him, they reconnect with their true foundation. But one who has attached themselves to anything other than God lacks a real anchor in this universe. Their good deeds may appear valuable on the surface, but without roots in monotheism, they crumble at the slightest test. That is why sincere acts grounded in faith bear fruit in the Hereafter, while those rooted in falsehood collapse even in this world.
Wa kaifa taakhuzoonahoo wa qad afdaa ba'dukum ilaa ba'dinw wa akhazna minkum meesaaqan ghaleezaa
And how could you take it when you have gone in to each other, and they have Taken from you a solemn covenant?
Commentary of verse 4:21
Humanity's greatest trial in this world comes from Satan. Though he has no real power, he deceives people with false promises and fanciful desires, leading them astray from the path of truth.
Satan misleads in two main ways: through superstition and through interference in God's creation. Superstition means expecting outcomes from things that have no real connection to those results—such as believing someone other than Allah controls worldly affairs, or imagining one can neglect good deeds yet still succeed in the Hereafter through wishful thinking alone. Both are illusions that distance people from reality and divine guidance.
Wa laa tankihoo maa nakaha aabaaa'ukum minan nisaaa'i illaa maa qad salaf; inahoo kaana faahishatanw wa maqtanw wa saaa'a sabeelaa
And marry not women whom your fathers married, except what is past: It was shameful and odious, an abominable custom indeed.
Commentary of verses 4:21 to 4:22
The principle that 'the past is past' applies not only to marriage but to life in general. Whenever change occurs—whether in a family or a nation—old arrangements often seem outdated or even wrong by modern standards. Clinging to what is no longer relevant creates unnecessary problems. The wise approach is to let go of the past and focus energy on improving the present and future.
The Quranic advice—'if you dislike them, it may be that you dislike something which God might make a source of abundant good'—appears in the context of marriage, but carries universal wisdom. The Quran often uses specific examples to convey broader truths applicable to all of life.
Human beings cannot live in isolation; we must coexist. Yet differences in temperament naturally lead to friction. The only practical solution is to overlook minor complaints, avoid conflict, and work towards peaceful relationships. Often, what seems like a flaw in another person is simply part of a bigger picture. Difficulties can be tests of patience, prompts to turn back to God, or lessons in humility—each serving a greater purpose we may not immediately see.
Hurrimat 'alaikum umma haatukum wa bannaatukum wa akhawaatukum wa 'ammaatukum wa khaalaatukum wa banaatul akhi wa banaatul ukhti wa ummahaatu kumul laateee arda' nakum wa akhawaatukum minarradaa'ati wa ummahaatu nisaaa'ikum wa rabaaa'i bukumul laatee fee hujoorikum min nisaaa'ikumul laatee dakhaltum bihinna Fa il lam takoonoo dakhaltum bihina falaa junaaha 'alaikum wa halaaa'ilu abnaaa'ikumul lazeena min aslaabikum wa an tajma'oo bainal ukhtaini illaa maa qad salaf; innallaaha kaana Ghafoorar Raheema
Prohibited to you [For marriage] are:- Your mothers, daughters, sisters; father's sisters, Mother's sisters; brother's daughters, sister's daughters; foster-mothers [Who gave you suck], foster-sisters; your wives' mothers;
your step-daughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to whom you have gone in, no prohibition if you have not gone in;- [Those who have been] wives of your sons proceeding from your loins; and two sisters in wedlock at one and the same time, except for what is past; for Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful;-
Commentary of verses 4:23 to 4:24
Human beings experience various natural urges, including physical attraction between men and women. Islam recognises these feelings but sets clear boundaries to preserve dignity and family life. In Islam, intimate relations are only legitimate within marriage—a formal, public commitment between a man and woman.
The purpose of these boundaries is twofold: to fulfil natural needs in a lawful way, and to protect chastity within the home. To safeguard family harmony and respect, Islam identifies certain close relatives as permanently forbidden for marriage. This ensures that these relationships remain rooted in care and honour, free from any inappropriate desire.
Walmuhsanaatu minan nisaaa'i illaa maa malakat aimaanukum kitaabal laahi 'alaikum; wa uhilla lakum maa waraaa'a zaalikum an tabtaghoo bi amwaali kum muhsineena ghaira musaa fiheen; famastamta'tum bihee minhunna fa aatoohunna ujoorahunna fareedah; wa laa junaaha 'alaikum feemaa taraadaitum bihee mim ba'dil fareedah; innal laaha kaana 'Aleeman Hakeemaa
Also [prohibited are] women already married, except those whom your right hands possess: Thus has Allah ordained [Prohibitions] against you: Except for these, all others are lawful, provided you seek [them in marriage] with gifts from your property, desiring chastity, not lust, seeing that you derive benefit from them, give them their dowers [at least] as prescribed;
but if, after a dower is prescribed, agree Mutually [to vary it], there is no blame on you, and Allah is Knowing, Wise.
Commentary of verses 4:23 to 4:24
Human beings experience various natural urges, including physical attraction between men and women. Islam recognises these feelings but sets clear boundaries to preserve dignity and family life. In Islam, intimate relations are only legitimate within marriage—a formal, public commitment between a man and woman.
The purpose of these boundaries is twofold: to fulfil natural needs in a lawful way, and to protect chastity within the home. To safeguard family harmony and respect, Islam identifies certain close relatives as permanently forbidden for marriage. This ensures that these relationships remain rooted in care and honour, free from any inappropriate desire.
Wa mal lam yastati' minkum tawlan ai yankihal muhsanaatil mu'minaati famimmaa malakat aimaanukum min fatayaatikumul mu'minaat; wallaahu a'lamu bi eemaanikum; ba'dukum mim ba'd; fankihoohunna bi izni ahlihinna wa aatoohunna ujoorahunna bilma'roofi muhsanaatin ghaira musaa fihaatinw wa laa muttakhizaati akhdaan; fa izaaa uhsinna fa in ataina bifaahi shatin fa'alaihinnna nisfu maa 'alal muhsanaati minal 'azaab; zaalika liman khashiyal 'anata minkum; wa an tasbiroo khairul lakum; wallaahu Ghafoorur Raheem
If any of you have not the means wherewith to wed free believing women, they may wed believing girls from among those whom your right hands possess: And Allah has full knowledge about your faith.
You are one from another: Wed them with the leave of their owners, and give them their dowers, according to what is reasonable: They should be chaste, not lustful, nor taking paramours: when they are taken in wedlock, if they fall into shame, their punishment is half that for free women. This [permission] is for those among you who fear sin;
but it is better for you that you practise self-restraint. And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Commentary of verses 4:25 to 4:25
Every messenger of God has faced the same challenge. 'If you are truly God's envoy,' people say, 'why are you not blessed with worldly riches?' Their materialistic mindset cannot conceive of a true messenger who lacks visible grandeur. They expect God's representative to meet their standards of worldly splendour.
This is why prophets have always faced rejection. How, people wonder, could the Almighty—whose kingdom stretches from earth to the furthest heavens—choose such an ordinary person? The signs of God were evident in the prophets' lives and teachings, but people, blinded by materialism, saw only tangible power. Spiritual and moral truths meant nothing to them.
When the Jews and Christians declined spiritually, their faith became cultural identity rather than living truth. Piety meant belonging to their community; impiety meant standing apart. This sectarianism prevented them from recognising genuine religion when it appeared. True faith can only be embraced by those who remain true to their natural, God-given disposition.
Yureedul laahu liyubai yina lakum wa yahdiyakum sunanal lazeena min qablikum wa yatooba 'alaikum; wallaahu 'Aleemun Hakeem
Allah does wish to make clear to you and to show you the ordinances of those before you; and [He does wish to] turn to you [In Mercy]: And Allah is Knowing, Wise.
Commentary of verses 4:26 to 4:28
The moral guidance in the Quran is not new. Throughout history, Allah has revealed it through His prophets, and the righteous have followed it. However, earlier scriptures were altered over time, and their teachings were lost or obscured. Allah restored this guidance in Arabic through His final Messenger, allowing people today to reconnect with the timeless path of truth.
When reform is introduced, it often meets resistance—especially from those who cling to inherited customs. Over centuries, traditions harden into identity. Religious practices, drained of their spiritual essence, become rituals defended fiercely in the name of ancestors. As a result, the simple, God-centred faith becomes buried beneath layers of habit and dogma. Any attempt to revive the original message is seen as a threat by those whose authority depends on preserving the old order.
Wallaahu yureedu ai yatooba 'alaikum wa yureedul lazeena yattabi 'oonash shahawaati an tameeloo mailan 'azeemaa
Allah does wish to Turn to you, but the wish of those who follow their lusts is that you should turn away [from Him], far, far away.
Commentary of verse 4:27
One of Satan's methods is to distort the natural order that Allah has established. Human beings are created with an innate inclination towards their Creator. Satan's aim is to redirect this focus—either towards worldly distractions or towards pursuits that defy nature itself, such as homosexuality. By doing so, he leads people away from the divine framework that governs the universe and human life.
Yureedul laahu ai yukhaffifa 'ankum; wa khuliqal insaanu da'eefaa
Allah does wish to lighten your [difficulties]: For man was created Weak [in flesh].
Commentary of verses 4:26 to 4:28
The moral guidance in the Quran is not new. Throughout history, Allah has revealed it through His prophets, and the righteous have followed it. However, earlier scriptures were altered over time, and their teachings were lost or obscured. Allah restored this guidance in Arabic through His final Messenger, allowing people today to reconnect with the timeless path of truth.
When reform is introduced, it often meets resistance—especially from those who cling to inherited customs. Over centuries, traditions harden into identity. Religious practices, drained of their spiritual essence, become rituals defended fiercely in the name of ancestors. As a result, the simple, God-centred faith becomes buried beneath layers of habit and dogma. Any attempt to revive the original message is seen as a threat by those whose authority depends on preserving the old order.
O you who have believed, Eat not up your property among yourselves in vanities: But let there be amongst you Traffic and trade by mutual good-will: Nor kill [or destroy] yourselves: for indeed Allah has been to you Most Merciful!
Commentary of verses 4:29 to 4:31
Islam permits earning through honest trade and providing services—both honourable means of livelihood. Any wealth gained through theft, fraud, bribery, usury, or gambling is unlawful. Such practices may bring worldly success, but they lead to severe punishment in the Hereafter.
Similarly, human life is sacred. Only a legitimate authority may take a life, and only after a fair trial under divine law. Unlawful killing or unjust harm is among the gravest sins before Allah. Those who avoid such wrongdoing will receive His mercy. Minor shortcomings will be forgiven, and they will enter Paradise with honour.
Wa mai yaf'al zaalika 'udwaananw wa zulman fasawfa nusleehi Naaraa; wa kaana zaalika 'alal laahi yaseeraa
If any do that in rancour and injustice, soon shall We cast them into the Fire: And easy it is for Allah.
Commentary of verses 4:29 to 4:31
Islam permits earning through honest trade and providing services—both honourable means of livelihood. Any wealth gained through theft, fraud, bribery, usury, or gambling is unlawful. Such practices may bring worldly success, but they lead to severe punishment in the Hereafter.
Similarly, human life is sacred. Only a legitimate authority may take a life, and only after a fair trial under divine law. Unlawful killing or unjust harm is among the gravest sins before Allah. Those who avoid such wrongdoing will receive His mercy. Minor shortcomings will be forgiven, and they will enter Paradise with honour.
In tajtaniboo kabaaa'ira maa tunhawna 'anhu nukaffir 'ankum saiyiaatikum wa nudkhilkum mudkhalan kareemaa
If you [but] eschew the most heinous of the things which you are forbidden to do, We shall expel out of you all the evil in you, and admit you to a gate of great honour.
Commentary of verses 4:29 to 4:31
Islam permits earning through honest trade and providing services—both honourable means of livelihood. Any wealth gained through theft, fraud, bribery, usury, or gambling is unlawful. Such practices may bring worldly success, but they lead to severe punishment in the Hereafter.
Similarly, human life is sacred. Only a legitimate authority may take a life, and only after a fair trial under divine law. Unlawful killing or unjust harm is among the gravest sins before Allah. Those who avoid such wrongdoing will receive His mercy. Minor shortcomings will be forgiven, and they will enter Paradise with honour.
Wa laa tatamannaw maa faddalal laahu bihee ba'dakum 'alaa ba'd; lirrijaali naseebum mimak tasaboo wa linnisaaa'i naseebum mimmak tasabna; was'alullaaha min fadlih; innal laaha kaana bikulli shai'in 'Aleemaa
And in no wise covet those things in which Allah Has bestowed His gifts More freely on some of you than on others: To men is allotted what they earn, and to women what they earn: But ask Allah of His bounty. For Allah has full knowledge of all things.
Commentary of verses 4:32 to 4:33
Differences between people—in wealth, ability, or circumstances—are part of Allah's creation. Some are born into comfort, others into hardship. This disparity can lead to jealousy and conflict. But judging by outward conditions is a mistake. Worldly possessions are temporary and ultimately left behind.
What truly matters is what we do to please Allah. Success in the Hereafter depends not on material wealth, but on sincere deeds. It is wiser to abandon envy, seek Allah's help, and work towards lasting reward.
In any community or family, leadership is necessary. Allah has equipped men with the qualities needed to fulfil this role. The biological and psychological differences between men and women reflect a divine design. Attempts to reverse these roles lead to confusion and disorder. When each person fulfils their natural role, harmony is preserved.
Wa likullin ja'alnaa ma waaliya mimmaa tarakal waalidaani wal aqraboon; wallazeena 'aqadat aimaanukum fa aatoohum naseebahum; innal laaha kaana 'alaa kulli shai'in Shaheedaa
To [benefit] every one, We have appointed shares and heirs to property left by parents and relatives. To those, also, to whom your right hand was pledged, give their due portion. For truly Allah is witness to all things.
Commentary of verses 4:32 to 4:33
Differences between people—in wealth, ability, or circumstances—are part of Allah's creation. Some are born into comfort, others into hardship. This disparity can lead to jealousy and conflict. But judging by outward conditions is a mistake. Worldly possessions are temporary and ultimately left behind.
What truly matters is what we do to please Allah. Success in the Hereafter depends not on material wealth, but on sincere deeds. It is wiser to abandon envy, seek Allah's help, and work towards lasting reward.
In any community or family, leadership is necessary. Allah has equipped men with the qualities needed to fulfil this role. The biological and psychological differences between men and women reflect a divine design. Attempts to reverse these roles lead to confusion and disorder. When each person fulfils their natural role, harmony is preserved.
Arrijaalu qawwaamoona 'alan nisaaa'i bimaa fad dalallaahu ba'dahum 'alaa ba'dinw wa bimaaa anfoqoo min amwaalihim; fassaalihaatu qaanitaatun haafizaatul lil ghaibi bimaa hafizal laah; wallaatee takhaafoona nushoo zahunna fa 'izoohunna wahjuroohunna fil madaaji'i wadriboohunna fa in ata'nakum falaa tabghoo 'alaihinna sabeelaa; innallaaha kaana 'Aliyyan Kabeeraa
Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more [strength] than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband's) absence what Allah would have them guard.
As to those women on whose part you fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them [first], [Next], refuse to share their beds, [And last] beat them [lightly]; but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means [of annoyance]: For Allah is Most High, great [above you all].
Commentary of verses 4:34 to 4:35
A righteous woman accepts man's leadership role as part of Allah's plan, and a righteous man remembers that Allah sees all his actions. In the Hereafter, men and women are judged equally; the distinction of roles applies only to worldly life.
A man must fulfil his duties towards his wife with justice. If she refuses to cooperate, he should not retaliate with malice or slander. Instead, he may advise her gently. If needed, he may distance himself emotionally. As a last resort, he may admonish her lightly. These steps are meant to encourage reflection, not to cause harm.
When disputes arise between a couple, their judgement becomes clouded. In such cases, appointing a neutral mediator—someone unbiased and fair—is the best way to resolve the matter justly.
Wa in khiftum shiqaaqa baini himaa fab'asoo haka mam min ahlihee wa hakamam min ahlihaa; iny-yureedaaa islaah ai-yuwaffiqil laahu bainahumaa; innal laaha kaana 'Aleeman Khabeeraa
If you fear a breach between them twain, appoint [two] arbiters, one from his family, and the other from hers; if they wish for peace, Allah will cause their reconciliation: For Allah has full knowledge, and is acquainted with all things.
Commentary of verses 4:34 to 4:35
A righteous woman accepts man's leadership role as part of Allah's plan, and a righteous man remembers that Allah sees all his actions. In the Hereafter, men and women are judged equally; the distinction of roles applies only to worldly life.
A man must fulfil his duties towards his wife with justice. If she refuses to cooperate, he should not retaliate with malice or slander. Instead, he may advise her gently. If needed, he may distance himself emotionally. As a last resort, he may admonish her lightly. These steps are meant to encourage reflection, not to cause harm.
When disputes arise between a couple, their judgement becomes clouded. In such cases, appointing a neutral mediator—someone unbiased and fair—is the best way to resolve the matter justly.
Wa'budul laaha wa laa tushrikoo bihee shai'anw wa bilwaalidaini ihsaananw wa bizil qurbaa walyataamaa walmasaakeeni waljaari zilqurbaa waljaaril junubi wassaahibi biljambi wabnis sabeeli wa maa malakat aimaanukum; innal laaha laa yuhibbu man kaana mukhtaalan fakhooraa
Serve Allah, and join not any partners with Him; and do good- to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, those in need, neighbours who are near, neighbours who are strangers, the companion by your side, the wayfarer [you meet], and what your right hands possess: For Allah loves not the arrogant, the vainglorious;-
Commentary of verses 4:36 to 4:36
The message taught by the Prophet Muhammad was identical to that of Abraham. Yet the People of the Book, who claimed to follow Abraham, led the opposition against him. Why? Because the religion taught by both Abraham and Muhammad was Islam—total submission to God. Abraham passed this down to his descendants, but the People of the Book had abandoned it.
Unwilling to change their permissive lifestyles, they reduced religion to hollow rituals, believing these alone would earn them paradise. In true Islam, salvation depends on sincere action and submission. The People of the Book, however, believed their lineage—their connection to prophets and saints—was enough for redemption.
The gulf was vast: Islam is acceptance of divine guidance revealed through prophets, whilst the religion of the People of the Book had become a collection of national traditions accumulated over generations, far removed from Abraham's original faith.
Allazeena yabkhaloona wa yaamuroonan naasa bilbukhli wa yaktumoona maaa aataahu mullaahu min fadlih; wa a'tadnaa lilkaafireena 'azaabam muheenaa
[Nor] those who are niggardly or enjoin niggardliness on others, or hide the bounties which Allah has bestowed on them; for We have prepared, for those who resist Faith, a punishment that steeps them in contempt;-
Commentary of verse 4:37
A believer can live a truly virtuous life only when their heart is devoted entirely to Allah. This means recognising Him as the Lord of all, fearing and trusting Him alone, and focusing one's efforts on the Hereafter. These principles were central to the teachings of all prophets. It is this inner devotion that enables a person to live according to Allah's will in this world—and prepares them for success in the next.
Wallazeena yunfiqoona amwaalahum ri'aaa'an naasi wa laa yu'minoona billaahi wa laa bil Yawmil Aakhir; wa mai yakunish shaitaanu lahoo qareenan fasaaa'a qareenaa
Not those who spend of their substance, to be seen of men, but have no faith in Allah and the Last Day: If any take the Evil One for their intimate, what a dreadful intimate he is!
Commentary of verse 4:38
This world is a test. People are free to act—and even to disguise wrongdoing as righteousness. In this life, falsehood can be dressed up convincingly. A person may pursue power, wealth, or fame and still appear pious. They may exploit religion for personal gain and face no immediate consequence. Truth can be denied, injustice justified, and tyranny excused—all with eloquent words.
Yet the most important quality in this uncertain world is the fear of Allah. It is this fear that restrains a person from evil and guides them towards truth and justice. Without it, there is nothing to prevent one from choosing the path of falsehood—especially when evil is so easily concealed and rewarded in this temporary life.
Wa maazaa 'alaihim law aamanoo billaahi wal Yawmil Aakhiri wa anfaqoo mimmaa razaqahumul laah; wa kaanallaahu bihim Aaleemaa
And what burden Were it on them if they had faith in Allah and in the Last Day, and they spent out of what Allah has given them for provision? For Allah has full knowledge of them.
Commentary of verses 4:38 to 4:40
Those who respond to Allah's blessings with arrogance rather than gratitude, and who use their wealth selfishly instead of for righteous purposes, walk the same path as Satan. Drawn in by temporary worldly gains, they neglect the everlasting rewards promised by Allah. Such individuals will face serious consequences in the Hereafter.
People often dismiss what they themselves fail to practise, engaging in self-serving justifications. But these hollow attempts at rationalisation hold no value before Allah.
Innal laaha laa yazlimu misqaala zarratinw wa in taku hasanatany yudaa'ifhaa wa yu'ti mil ladunhu ajran 'azeemaa
Allah is never unjust in the least degree: If there is any good [done], He doubls it, and gives from His own presence a great reward.
Commentary of verses 4:38 to 4:40
Those who respond to Allah's blessings with arrogance rather than gratitude, and who use their wealth selfishly instead of for righteous purposes, walk the same path as Satan. Drawn in by temporary worldly gains, they neglect the everlasting rewards promised by Allah. Such individuals will face serious consequences in the Hereafter.
People often dismiss what they themselves fail to practise, engaging in self-serving justifications. But these hollow attempts at rationalisation hold no value before Allah.
Fakaifa izaa ji'naa min kulli ummatim bishaheedinw wa ji'naabika 'alaa haaa'ulaaa 'i Shaheedan
How then if We brought from each people a witness, and We brought you as a witness against these people!
Commentary of verses 4:41 to 4:42
When a messenger of truth begins his mission, he appears ordinary, without worldly grandeur. Society's leaders and intellectuals reject him, unable to imagine that someone so simple could be chosen by Allah to deliver His message. Yet on the Day of Judgement, when the divine court assembles, these same rejecters will be stunned to see that humble preacher elevated as Allah's witness over nations.
In that court, the rejecters will stand accused, while the one they scorned sits as Allah's spokesman. The moment will be so overwhelming they will wish the earth would swallow them whole. But remorse then will serve no purpose. Allah possesses the full record of their words, deeds and thoughts. They will learn their rejection stemmed not from ignorance but from pride—they considered themselves superior and saw accepting truth as beneath their dignity.
Yawma'iziny yawad dullazeena kafaroo wa'asawur Rasoola law tusawwaa bihimul ardu wa laa yaktumoonal laaha hadeesaa
On that day those who disbelieve and disobey the messenger will wish that the earth Were made one with them: But never will they hide a single fact from Allah!
Commentary of verse 4:42
Simply calling oneself a Muslim or believing one is Muslim does not make a person truly Muslim in Allah's sight. A genuine Muslim places Allah at the centre of life, making Him the source of trust and confidence. Such a person follows the Prophet's guidance exclusively, and adheres to the revealed Scripture so deeply that all thoughts and feelings become aligned with it.
True belief in the angels means recognising that Allah's guardians constantly watch over us. Belief in the Hereafter must be so profound that one weighs every word and action against that final reckoning. Only such a believer walks the straight path to success in the Hereafter. Without this depth of faith, one remains astray, regardless of how strongly they identify as Muslim.
yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo laa taqrabus Salaata wa antum sukaaraa hatta ta'lamoo ma taqooloona wa la junuban illaa 'aabiree sabeelin hatta taghtasiloo; wa in kuntum mardaaa aw 'alaa safarin aw jaaa'a ahadum minkum minal ghaaa'iti aw laamastumun nisaaa'a falam tajidoo maaa'an fatayam mamoo sa'eedan taiyiban famsahoo biwujoohikum wa aideekum; innal laaha kaana 'Afuwwan Ghafooraa
O you who have believed, Approach not prayers with a mind befogged, until you can understand all that you say, nor in a state of ceremonial impurity (Except when travelling on the road), until after washing your whole body.
If you are ill, or on a journey, or one of you comes from offices of nature, or you have been in contact with women, and you find no water, then take for yourselves clean sand or earth, and rub therewith your faces and hands. For Allah does blot out sins and forgive again and again.
Commentary of verses 4:43 to 4:44
For faith to please God, it must resemble that of the Companions of the Prophet. What made their faith exceptional was that it was belief in truth for its own sake—acceptance on a purely abstract level. This was rare in a society that revered ancient prophets and considered anything sanctified by centuries of tradition to be truth.
Belief in such 'truth', embellished by myth and legend, became a matter of national pride; to question it was to deny a glorious heritage. The ancient prophets were celebrated historical figures, their words validated by tradition. The Prophet Muhammad, by contrast, came without such support—no history, no accumulated tradition to lend weight to his message.
When truth stands alone, as it did in his time, those who accept it do so purely because it is the truth. This is the kind of belief God recognises and accepts. This is true faith—only such purity and strength is acceptable to Him.
Alam tara ilal lazeena ootoo naseebam minal Kitaabi yashtaroonad dalaalata wa yureedoona an tadillus sabeel
Have you not turned Your vision to those who were given a portion of the Book? they traffic in error, and wish that you should lose the straight path.
Commentary of verses 4:43 to 4:44
For faith to please God, it must resemble that of the Companions of the Prophet. What made their faith exceptional was that it was belief in truth for its own sake—acceptance on a purely abstract level. This was rare in a society that revered ancient prophets and considered anything sanctified by centuries of tradition to be truth.
Belief in such 'truth', embellished by myth and legend, became a matter of national pride; to question it was to deny a glorious heritage. The ancient prophets were celebrated historical figures, their words validated by tradition. The Prophet Muhammad, by contrast, came without such support—no history, no accumulated tradition to lend weight to his message.
When truth stands alone, as it did in his time, those who accept it do so purely because it is the truth. This is the kind of belief God recognises and accepts. This is true faith—only such purity and strength is acceptable to Him.
Wallaahu a'lamu bi a'daaa'i-kum; wa kafaa billaahi waliyyanw wa kafaa billaahi naseera
But Allah has full knowledge of your enemies: Allah is enough for a protector, and Allah is enough for a Helper.
Commentary of verses 4:45 to 4:46
Allah grants His Book to a community so it may correct their thinking and behaviour. But when bearers of the Divine Book decline spiritually—as happened with the Jews—they extract misguidance instead of guidance from it. Allah's commands become subjects of pointless debate, invented philosophies masquerade as theology, and wrongdoers twist the divine text to justify their misdeeds.
They wrench Allah's words from context and interpret them according to personal assumptions. Though they could read the Book's words, they failed to live by them, defeating Scripture's true purpose. They remained mere carriers of the text whilst adopting worldly ways. Unlike others who pursued worldliness openly, the Jews pursued the same material ends whilst brazenly misquoting the Divine Book to justify themselves.
Minal lazeena haadoo yuharrifoonal Kalima 'am mawaadi'ihee wa yaqooloona sami'naa wa 'asainaa wasma' ghaira musma'inw wa raa'inaa laiyam bi alsinatihim wa ta'nan fiddeen; wa law annahum qaaloo sami'naa wa ata'naa wasma' wanzurnaa lakaana khairal lahum wa aqwama wa laakil la ''anahumul laahu bikufrihim falaa yu'minoona illaa qaleela
Of the Jews there are those who displace words from their [right] places, and say: "We hear and we disobey"; and "Hear what is not Heard"; and "Ra'ina"; with a twist of their tongues and a slander to Faith. If only they had said: "What hear and we obey"; and "Do hear"; and "Do look at us"; it would have been better for them, and more proper;
but Allah has cursed them for their Unbelief; and but few of them will believe.
Commentary of verses 4:45 to 4:46
Allah grants His Book to a community so it may correct their thinking and behaviour. But when bearers of the Divine Book decline spiritually—as happened with the Jews—they extract misguidance instead of guidance from it. Allah's commands become subjects of pointless debate, invented philosophies masquerade as theology, and wrongdoers twist the divine text to justify their misdeeds.
They wrench Allah's words from context and interpret them according to personal assumptions. Though they could read the Book's words, they failed to live by them, defeating Scripture's true purpose. They remained mere carriers of the text whilst adopting worldly ways. Unlike others who pursued worldliness openly, the Jews pursued the same material ends whilst brazenly misquoting the Divine Book to justify themselves.
yaaa aiyuha lazeena ootu Kitaaba aaminoo bimaa nazzalnaa musadiqallimaa ma'akum min qabli an natmisa wujoohan fanaruddahaa 'alaaa adbaarihaaa aw nal'anahum kamaa la'annaaa Ashaabas Sabt; wa kaana amrul laahi maf'oolaa
O you People of the Book! believe in what We have [now] revealed, confirming what was [already] with you, before We change the face and fame of some [of you] beyond all recognition, and turn them hindwards, or curse them as We cursed the Sabbath-breakers, for the decision of Allah Must be carried out.
Commentary of verse 4:47
When Allah's call reaches any group, its basis is so sound that logical refutation becomes impossible. Those unwilling to accept it therefore resort to ridicule, attempting to dismiss it through mockery. By heaping scorn upon the message, they signal to others that it deserves no consideration.
Such behaviour reveals they regard truth as trivial. When people treat something so lightly, argument proves futile. At such times, silence becomes the better response—waiting until they possess the proper mindset to receive the message seriously. We should withdraw from gatherings where the divine call faces contempt, for remaining in company that ridicules truth demonstrates our own lack of seriousness about it.
Innal laaha laa yaghfiru ai yushraka bihee wa yaghfiru maa doona zaalika limai yashaaa'; wa mai yushrik billaahi faqadif taraaa isman 'azeemaa
Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him; but He forgives anything else, to whom He pleases; to set up partners with Allah is to devise a sin Most heinous indeed.
Commentary of verse 4:48
A hypocrite appears religious outwardly but harbours irreligion within. Lacking principles, they watch for opportunities to exploit events for personal advantage, associating with believers or deniers alike depending on what serves their worldly ambitions. They enter any gathering and speak to please everyone.
For worldly convenience, they must sometimes associate with believers, yet they wish them no good. Since true believers establish a criterion of truth in society, those standing on false religiosity want such standards demolished, as they expose their pretence. However, those who wish believers ill can only cause mischief in this world; believers remain safe from their harm in the Hereafter. Hypocrites are grouped with those who deny truth, for in Allah's judgement, outward religiosity and blatant irreligion are identical. Though appearing different, their reality is the same. What matters to Allah is the inward state, not outward appearance.
Alam tara ilal lazeena yuzakkoona anfusahum; balil laahu yuzakkee mai yashaaa'u wa laa yuzlamoona fateelaa
Have you not turned Your vision to those who claim sanctity for themselves? Rather-but Allah Does sanctify whom He pleases. But never will they fail to receive justice in the least little thing.
Commentary of verses 4:47 to 4:52
The Jews were regarded as representatives of Allah's religion. When non-Jewish Arabs began supporting the Prophet, the Jews opposed him to preserve their religious facade. Their misguidance thus spread beyond themselves as they raised controversies about the Prophet's life and teachings, attempting to confuse people and portray him as a self-proclaimed religious leader pursuing personal ambition rather than as Allah's Messenger.
But Allah does not remain indifferent: He will side with the faithful and grant them victory over misguided opponents. Being accursed represents extreme insensibility—when one becomes too numb to distinguish right from wrong. A person may hear something without it registering, lacking seriousness about heeding the divine message. As this attitude hardens, they become unresponsive, as if their facial features were erased and they see and hear with the back of their head, where neither eyes nor ears exist. Such blindness and deafness indicate Allah has withdrawn His blessings due to constant neglect of truth. Though provided with ears and eyes, they failed to truly listen or observe, so Allah made them exactly what they had turned themselves into—a complete metamorphosis from humanity's superior state to the level of beasts.
And [mention]! how they invent a lie against Allah! but that by itself is a manifest sin!
Commentary of verses 4:47 to 4:52
The Jews were regarded as representatives of Allah's religion. When non-Jewish Arabs began supporting the Prophet, the Jews opposed him to preserve their religious facade. Their misguidance thus spread beyond themselves as they raised controversies about the Prophet's life and teachings, attempting to confuse people and portray him as a self-proclaimed religious leader pursuing personal ambition rather than as Allah's Messenger.
But Allah does not remain indifferent: He will side with the faithful and grant them victory over misguided opponents. Being accursed represents extreme insensibility—when one becomes too numb to distinguish right from wrong. A person may hear something without it registering, lacking seriousness about heeding the divine message. As this attitude hardens, they become unresponsive, as if their facial features were erased and they see and hear with the back of their head, where neither eyes nor ears exist. Such blindness and deafness indicate Allah has withdrawn His blessings due to constant neglect of truth. Though provided with ears and eyes, they failed to truly listen or observe, so Allah made them exactly what they had turned themselves into—a complete metamorphosis from humanity's superior state to the level of beasts.
Alam tara ilal lazeena 'ootoo naseebam minal kitaabi yu'minoona bil Jibti wat Taaghooti wa yaqooloona lillazeena kafaroo haaa ulaaa'i ahdaa minal lazeena aamanoo sabeelaa
Have you not turned Your vision to those who were given a portion of the Book? they believe in sorcery and Evil, and say to the Disbelievers that they are better guided in the [right] way Than the believers!
Commentary of verses 4:47 to 4:52
The Jews were regarded as representatives of Allah's religion. When non-Jewish Arabs began supporting the Prophet, the Jews opposed him to preserve their religious facade. Their misguidance thus spread beyond themselves as they raised controversies about the Prophet's life and teachings, attempting to confuse people and portray him as a self-proclaimed religious leader pursuing personal ambition rather than as Allah's Messenger.
But Allah does not remain indifferent: He will side with the faithful and grant them victory over misguided opponents. Being accursed represents extreme insensibility—when one becomes too numb to distinguish right from wrong. A person may hear something without it registering, lacking seriousness about heeding the divine message. As this attitude hardens, they become unresponsive, as if their facial features were erased and they see and hear with the back of their head, where neither eyes nor ears exist. Such blindness and deafness indicate Allah has withdrawn His blessings due to constant neglect of truth. Though provided with ears and eyes, they failed to truly listen or observe, so Allah made them exactly what they had turned themselves into—a complete metamorphosis from humanity's superior state to the level of beasts.
Ulaaa'ikal lazeena la'ana humul laahu wa mai yal'anil laahu falan tajida lahoo naseeraa
They are [men] whom Allah has cursed: And those whom Allah Has cursed, you will find, have no one to help.
Commentary of verses 4:47 to 4:52
The Jews were regarded as representatives of Allah's religion. When non-Jewish Arabs began supporting the Prophet, the Jews opposed him to preserve their religious facade. Their misguidance thus spread beyond themselves as they raised controversies about the Prophet's life and teachings, attempting to confuse people and portray him as a self-proclaimed religious leader pursuing personal ambition rather than as Allah's Messenger.
But Allah does not remain indifferent: He will side with the faithful and grant them victory over misguided opponents. Being accursed represents extreme insensibility—when one becomes too numb to distinguish right from wrong. A person may hear something without it registering, lacking seriousness about heeding the divine message. As this attitude hardens, they become unresponsive, as if their facial features were erased and they see and hear with the back of their head, where neither eyes nor ears exist. Such blindness and deafness indicate Allah has withdrawn His blessings due to constant neglect of truth. Though provided with ears and eyes, they failed to truly listen or observe, so Allah made them exactly what they had turned themselves into—a complete metamorphosis from humanity's superior state to the level of beasts.
Am lahum naseebum minal mulki fa izal laa yu'toonan naasa naqeeraa
Have they a share in dominion or power? And [mention], they give not a farthing to their fellow-men?
Commentary of verses 4:53 to 4:53
Whenever God reveals truth to the world, it comes with clear arguments. No one can fail to recognise it as truth. Those who reject it reveal that they never truly knew God, for if they had, they would have recognised His word when they heard it.
Those who find reasons to reject the truth believe they have strong logical grounds. They think they stand on firm intellectual footing. But soon they realise these arguments were nothing but imaginary props—invented by their own egos to give false reassurance and justify their refusal.
Am yahsudoonan naasa 'alaa maaa aataahumul laahu min fadlihee faqad aatainaaa Aala Ibraaheemal Kitaaba wal Hikmata wa aatainaahum mulkan 'azeemaa
Or do they envy mankind for what Allah has given them of his bounty? but We had already given the people of Abraham the Book and Wisdom, and conferred upon them a great kingdom.
Commentary of verses 4:54 to 4:57
In reality, hypocrites follow selfish desires and satanic inducements, yet outwardly bearing religion's label, they believe their actions truly reflect Allah's guidance. When pure truth is presented to them, they become its fiercest opponents, feeling their religious status is being challenged. Meanwhile, they remain relaxed towards non-believers who pose no such threat to their position.
But preachers of truth can expect no leniency from hypocrites, who burn with jealousy when someone else receives religious authority, having previously monopolised religion themselves. They forget Allah chooses His representatives based on purity of soul, inner piety and sound hearts—not outward displays of devotion.
Being accursed means deprivation of Allah's grace and support. Just as starvation and thirst destroy physical existence, loss of Allah's grace destroys spiritual existence. An accursed person becomes so insensible they lose the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood, failing to recognise explicit signs or differentiate between absurd arguments and sound logic.
Faminhum man aamana bihee wa minhum man sadda 'anh; wa kafaa bi Jahannama sa'eeraa
Some of them believed, and some of them averted their faces from him: And enough is Hell for a burning fire.
Commentary of verses 4:54 to 4:57
In reality, hypocrites follow selfish desires and satanic inducements, yet outwardly bearing religion's label, they believe their actions truly reflect Allah's guidance. When pure truth is presented to them, they become its fiercest opponents, feeling their religious status is being challenged. Meanwhile, they remain relaxed towards non-believers who pose no such threat to their position.
But preachers of truth can expect no leniency from hypocrites, who burn with jealousy when someone else receives religious authority, having previously monopolised religion themselves. They forget Allah chooses His representatives based on purity of soul, inner piety and sound hearts—not outward displays of devotion.
Being accursed means deprivation of Allah's grace and support. Just as starvation and thirst destroy physical existence, loss of Allah's grace destroys spiritual existence. An accursed person becomes so insensible they lose the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood, failing to recognise explicit signs or differentiate between absurd arguments and sound logic.
Innal lazeena kafaroo bi Aayaatinaa sawfa nusleehim Naaran kullamaa nadijat julooduhum baddalnaahum juloodan ghairahaa liyazooqul 'azaab; innallaaha kaana 'Azeezan Hakeemaa
Those who reject our Signs, We shall soon cast into the Fire: as often as their skins are roasted through, We shall change them for fresh skins, that they may taste the punishment: for Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.
Commentary of verses 4:54 to 4:57
In reality, hypocrites follow selfish desires and satanic inducements, yet outwardly bearing religion's label, they believe their actions truly reflect Allah's guidance. When pure truth is presented to them, they become its fiercest opponents, feeling their religious status is being challenged. Meanwhile, they remain relaxed towards non-believers who pose no such threat to their position.
But preachers of truth can expect no leniency from hypocrites, who burn with jealousy when someone else receives religious authority, having previously monopolised religion themselves. They forget Allah chooses His representatives based on purity of soul, inner piety and sound hearts—not outward displays of devotion.
Being accursed means deprivation of Allah's grace and support. Just as starvation and thirst destroy physical existence, loss of Allah's grace destroys spiritual existence. An accursed person becomes so insensible they lose the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood, failing to recognise explicit signs or differentiate between absurd arguments and sound logic.
Wallazeena aamanoo wa 'amilus saalihaati sanud khiluum jannaatin tajree min tahtihal anhaaru khaalideena feehaaa abadaa, lahum feehaaa azwaajum mutahharatun wa nudkhiluhum zillan zaleelaa
But those who believe and do deeds of righteousness, We shall soon admit to gardens beneath which rivers flow, their eternal home: Therein shall they have companions pure and holy: We shall admit them to shades, cool and ever deepening.
Commentary of verses 4:54 to 4:57
In reality, hypocrites follow selfish desires and satanic inducements, yet outwardly bearing religion's label, they believe their actions truly reflect Allah's guidance. When pure truth is presented to them, they become its fiercest opponents, feeling their religious status is being challenged. Meanwhile, they remain relaxed towards non-believers who pose no such threat to their position.
But preachers of truth can expect no leniency from hypocrites, who burn with jealousy when someone else receives religious authority, having previously monopolised religion themselves. They forget Allah chooses His representatives based on purity of soul, inner piety and sound hearts—not outward displays of devotion.
Being accursed means deprivation of Allah's grace and support. Just as starvation and thirst destroy physical existence, loss of Allah's grace destroys spiritual existence. An accursed person becomes so insensible they lose the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood, failing to recognise explicit signs or differentiate between absurd arguments and sound logic.
Innal laaha yaamurukum an tu'addul amaanaati ilaaa ahlihaa wa izaa hakamtum bainan naasi an tahkumoo bil 'adl; innal laaha yaamurukum an tu'addul amaanaati ilaaa ahlihaa wa izaa hakamtum bainan naasi an tahkumoo bil 'adl; innal laaha ni'immaa ya'izukum bih; innal laaha kaana Samee'am Baseera
Allah does command you to render back your Trusts to those to whom they are due; And when you judge between man and man, that you judge with justice: Indeed how excellent is the teaching which He gives you! For Allah is He Who hears and sees all things.
Commentary of verses 4:58 to 4:60
Every obligation we hold is a sacred trust that must be fulfilled with integrity. We are called to treat all people with fairness and justice, whether they stand with us or against us. Even when honesty and equity seem to clash with our personal gain or worldly ambitions, we must remain committed to truth and righteousness. True success lies not in satisfying our desires, but in following the guidance God has given us.
When the opportunity arises, Muslims should work to establish governance rooted in Islamic principles. Where this is not possible, they should focus on living faithfully under the leadership of trustworthy individuals chosen from within their community. Disputes among believers should be settled according to the teachings of Allah and His Messenger. While differences of opinion are natural, no one has the right to reject a collective decision. A just and orderly society is essential for the wellbeing of the Muslim community.
Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanooo atee'ul laaha wa atee'ur Rasoola wa ulil amri minkum fa in tanaaza'tum fee shai'in faruddoohu ilal laahi war Rasooli in kuntum tu'minoona billaahi wal yawmil Aakhir; zaalika khairunw wa ahsanu taaweelaa
O you who have believed, Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you. If you differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger, if you do believe in Allah and the Last Day: That is best, and most suitable for final determination.
Commentary of verses 4:58 to 4:60
Every obligation we hold is a sacred trust that must be fulfilled with integrity. We are called to treat all people with fairness and justice, whether they stand with us or against us. Even when honesty and equity seem to clash with our personal gain or worldly ambitions, we must remain committed to truth and righteousness. True success lies not in satisfying our desires, but in following the guidance God has given us.
When the opportunity arises, Muslims should work to establish governance rooted in Islamic principles. Where this is not possible, they should focus on living faithfully under the leadership of trustworthy individuals chosen from within their community. Disputes among believers should be settled according to the teachings of Allah and His Messenger. While differences of opinion are natural, no one has the right to reject a collective decision. A just and orderly society is essential for the wellbeing of the Muslim community.
Alam tara ilal lazeena yaz'umoona annahum aarmanoo bimaa unzilaa ilaika wa maaa unzila min qablika yureedoona ai yatahaakamooo ilat Taaghooti wa qad umirooo ai yakfuroo bih, wa yureedush Shaitaanu ai yudillahum dalaalam ba'eedaa
Have you not turned Your vision to those who declare that they believe in the revelations that have come to you and to those before you? Their [real] wish is to resort together for judgement [in their disputes] to the Evil One, though they were ordered to reject him. But Satan's wish is to lead them astray far away [from the right].
Commentary of verses 4:58 to 4:60
Every obligation we hold is a sacred trust that must be fulfilled with integrity. We are called to treat all people with fairness and justice, whether they stand with us or against us. Even when honesty and equity seem to clash with our personal gain or worldly ambitions, we must remain committed to truth and righteousness. True success lies not in satisfying our desires, but in following the guidance God has given us.
When the opportunity arises, Muslims should work to establish governance rooted in Islamic principles. Where this is not possible, they should focus on living faithfully under the leadership of trustworthy individuals chosen from within their community. Disputes among believers should be settled according to the teachings of Allah and His Messenger. While differences of opinion are natural, no one has the right to reject a collective decision. A just and orderly society is essential for the wellbeing of the Muslim community.
Wa izaa qeela lahum ta'aalaw ilaa maaa anzalallaahu wa ilar Rasooli ra aital munaafiqeena yasuddoona 'anka sudoodaa
When it is said to them: "Come to what Allah has revealed, and to the Messenger": You se the Hypocrites avert their faces from you in disgust.
Commentary of verses 4:61 to 4:63
In the early days of Madinah, there were two places where people could seek judgement: the pre-Islamic court run by Jewish leaders, and the court established by the Prophet after the migration. Some Muslims, knowing their cases were weak and unwilling to sacrifice personal interests for the sake of faith, would take their disputes to the court of Ka'b ibn Ashraf, a Jewish leader. They hoped for a ruling more favourable to their own liking.
This behaviour contradicts the very essence of faith. If someone is unwilling to accept God's judgement and seeks only decisions that suit them, their claim to belief is hollow—no matter how convincingly they try to justify themselves. Such people should not be confronted harshly; instead, sincere efforts should continue to guide them back to the truth with patience and wisdom.
Fakaifa izaaa asaabathum museebatum summa jaaa'ooka yahlifoona billaahi in aradnaaa illaaa ihsaananw wa tawfeeqaa
How then, when they are seized by misfortune, because of the deeds which they hands have sent forth? Then their come to you, swearing by Allah: "We meant no more than good-will and conciliation!"
Commentary of verses 4:61 to 4:63
In the early days of Madinah, there were two places where people could seek judgement: the pre-Islamic court run by Jewish leaders, and the court established by the Prophet after the migration. Some Muslims, knowing their cases were weak and unwilling to sacrifice personal interests for the sake of faith, would take their disputes to the court of Ka'b ibn Ashraf, a Jewish leader. They hoped for a ruling more favourable to their own liking.
This behaviour contradicts the very essence of faith. If someone is unwilling to accept God's judgement and seeks only decisions that suit them, their claim to belief is hollow—no matter how convincingly they try to justify themselves. Such people should not be confronted harshly; instead, sincere efforts should continue to guide them back to the truth with patience and wisdom.
Ulaaa'ikal lazeena ya'la mullaahu maa fee quloobihim fa a'rid 'anhum wa 'izhum wa qul lahum feee anfusihim qawlam baleeghaa
Those men,Allah knows what is in their hearts; so keep clear of them, but admonish them, and speak to them a word to reach their very souls.
Commentary of verses 4:61 to 4:63
In the early days of Madinah, there were two places where people could seek judgement: the pre-Islamic court run by Jewish leaders, and the court established by the Prophet after the migration. Some Muslims, knowing their cases were weak and unwilling to sacrifice personal interests for the sake of faith, would take their disputes to the court of Ka'b ibn Ashraf, a Jewish leader. They hoped for a ruling more favourable to their own liking.
This behaviour contradicts the very essence of faith. If someone is unwilling to accept God's judgement and seeks only decisions that suit them, their claim to belief is hollow—no matter how convincingly they try to justify themselves. Such people should not be confronted harshly; instead, sincere efforts should continue to guide them back to the truth with patience and wisdom.
Wa maa arsalnaa mir Rasoolin illaa liyutaa'a bi iznil laah; wa law annahum 'iz zalamooo anfusahum jaaa'ooka fastaghfarul laaha wastaghfara lahumur Rasoolu la wajadul laaha Tawwaabar Raheemaa
We sent not a messenger, but to be obeyed, in accordance with the will of Allah. If they had only, when they were unjust to themselves, come to you and asked Allah's forgiveness, and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah indeed Accepting of repentance, Most Merciful.
Commentary of verses 4:64 to 4:65
A prophet is not sent to gather admirers or to bask in their praise. His purpose is to teach people how to live according to God's guidance and to put that guidance into practice. True commitment means following the prophet's teachings even when it is difficult—especially when personal interests or relationships are at stake.
A genuine believer sets aside pride and obeys wholeheartedly, even when the prophet's instruction conflicts with their own thinking or appears to harm their worldly gain. When they realise they have strayed, perhaps led astray by their own desires, they quickly repent, correct their course, and seek forgiveness. In contrast, someone who follows the faith only when it is convenient cannot be expected to remain steadfast when real trials come. Faith is proven through sacrifice, not comfort.
Falaa wa Rabbika laa yu'minoona hattaa yuhakkimooka fe emaa shajara bainahum summa laa yajidoo fee anfusihim harajam mimmaa qadaita wa yusal limoo tasleemaa
But no, by the Lord, they can have no [real] Faith, until they make you judge in all disputes between them, and find in their souls no resistance against Your decisions, but accept them with the fullest conviction.
Commentary of verses 4:64 to 4:65
A prophet is not sent to gather admirers or to bask in their praise. His purpose is to teach people how to live according to God's guidance and to put that guidance into practice. True commitment means following the prophet's teachings even when it is difficult—especially when personal interests or relationships are at stake.
A genuine believer sets aside pride and obeys wholeheartedly, even when the prophet's instruction conflicts with their own thinking or appears to harm their worldly gain. When they realise they have strayed, perhaps led astray by their own desires, they quickly repent, correct their course, and seek forgiveness. In contrast, someone who follows the faith only when it is convenient cannot be expected to remain steadfast when real trials come. Faith is proven through sacrifice, not comfort.
Wa law annaa katabnaa 'alaihim aniq tulooo anfusakum awikh rujoo min diyaarikum maa fa'aloohu illaa qaleelum minhum wa law annahum fa'aloo maa yoo'azoona bihee lakaana khairal lahum wa ashadda tasbeetaa
If We had ordered them to sacrifice their lives or to leave their homes, very few of them would have done it: But if they had done what they were [actually] told, it would have been best for them, and would have gone farthest to strengthen their [faith];
Commentary of verses 4:66 to 4:70
Those who live selfishly and opportunistically suffer the greatest loss: they fail to find the straight path clearly set out in the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet. No matter how plainly the truth is shown, a person who judges religion by their own desires and convenience will not recognise it. They shape faith to fit their preferences rather than submitting to it sincerely.
Such individuals may claim to believe, but they remain distant from true faith. Paradise is not for them—it is reserved for those who embrace faith wholeheartedly, honouring their covenant with God, standing firmly for truth even under pressure, and leading lives of genuine piety and righteousness.
Wa izal la aatainaahum mil ladunnaaa ajran 'azeemaa
And We should then have given them from our presence a great reward;
Commentary of verses 4:66 to 4:70
Those who live selfishly and opportunistically suffer the greatest loss: they fail to find the straight path clearly set out in the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet. No matter how plainly the truth is shown, a person who judges religion by their own desires and convenience will not recognise it. They shape faith to fit their preferences rather than submitting to it sincerely.
Such individuals may claim to believe, but they remain distant from true faith. Paradise is not for them—it is reserved for those who embrace faith wholeheartedly, honouring their covenant with God, standing firmly for truth even under pressure, and leading lives of genuine piety and righteousness.
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وَلَهَدَيْنَٰهُمْ صِرَٰطًۭا مُّسْتَقِيمًۭا
Wa lahadainaahum Siraatam mustaqeemaa
And We should have shown them the Straight Way.
Commentary of verses 4:66 to 4:70
Those who live selfishly and opportunistically suffer the greatest loss: they fail to find the straight path clearly set out in the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet. No matter how plainly the truth is shown, a person who judges religion by their own desires and convenience will not recognise it. They shape faith to fit their preferences rather than submitting to it sincerely.
Such individuals may claim to believe, but they remain distant from true faith. Paradise is not for them—it is reserved for those who embrace faith wholeheartedly, honouring their covenant with God, standing firmly for truth even under pressure, and leading lives of genuine piety and righteousness.
Wa many-yuti'il laaha war Rasoola fa ulaaa'ika ma'al lazeena an'amal laahu 'alaihim minan nabiyyeena wassiddeeqeena washshuhadaaa'i wassaaliheen; wa hasuna ulaaa'ika rafeeqaa
All who obey Allah and the messenger are in the company of those on whom is the Grace of Allah, of the prophets [who teach], the sincere [lovers of Truth], the witnesses [who testify], and the Righteous [who do good]: Ah! what a beautiful fellowship!
Commentary of verses 4:66 to 4:70
Those who live selfishly and opportunistically suffer the greatest loss: they fail to find the straight path clearly set out in the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet. No matter how plainly the truth is shown, a person who judges religion by their own desires and convenience will not recognise it. They shape faith to fit their preferences rather than submitting to it sincerely.
Such individuals may claim to believe, but they remain distant from true faith. Paradise is not for them—it is reserved for those who embrace faith wholeheartedly, honouring their covenant with God, standing firmly for truth even under pressure, and leading lives of genuine piety and righteousness.
Zaalikal fadlu minal laah; wa kafaa billaahi 'Aleemaa
Such is the bounty from Allah: And sufficient is it that Allah knows all.
Commentary of verses 4:66 to 4:70
Those who live selfishly and opportunistically suffer the greatest loss: they fail to find the straight path clearly set out in the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet. No matter how plainly the truth is shown, a person who judges religion by their own desires and convenience will not recognise it. They shape faith to fit their preferences rather than submitting to it sincerely.
Such individuals may claim to believe, but they remain distant from true faith. Paradise is not for them—it is reserved for those who embrace faith wholeheartedly, honouring their covenant with God, standing firmly for truth even under pressure, and leading lives of genuine piety and righteousness.
O you who have believed, Take your precautions, and either go forth in parties or go forth all together.
Commentary of verses 4:71 to 4:73
This world is a place of trial where everyone is free to act. Even wrongdoers may oppress believers without cause. The test of sincere faith lies in remaining steadfast on the straight path and enduring persecution with patience. Believers must stay alert to the enemies of God, organising their defence through both wise strategy and careful preparation, whether individually or collectively.
Among the Muslims themselves, there may be those who seek success in the Hereafter but wish to avoid any worldly loss. They eagerly join efforts that promise material benefit but find excuses to avoid struggles that involve sacrifice. This mentality reveals that they still think in worldly terms, despite accepting Islam. They lack the deep conviction that the Hereafter is what truly matters. A real believer strives solely for the sake of God, willing to sacrifice comfort and gain in this life for the sake of eternal reward—not one who seeks praise without enduring hardship.
Wa inna minkum lamal la yubatti'anna fa in asaabatkum museebatun qaala qad an'amal laahu 'alaiya iz lam akum ma'ahum shaheeda
There are certainly among you men who would tarry behind: If a misfortune befalls you, they say: "Allah did favour us in that we were not present among them."
Commentary of verses 4:71 to 4:73
This world is a place of trial where everyone is free to act. Even wrongdoers may oppress believers without cause. The test of sincere faith lies in remaining steadfast on the straight path and enduring persecution with patience. Believers must stay alert to the enemies of God, organising their defence through both wise strategy and careful preparation, whether individually or collectively.
Among the Muslims themselves, there may be those who seek success in the Hereafter but wish to avoid any worldly loss. They eagerly join efforts that promise material benefit but find excuses to avoid struggles that involve sacrifice. This mentality reveals that they still think in worldly terms, despite accepting Islam. They lack the deep conviction that the Hereafter is what truly matters. A real believer strives solely for the sake of God, willing to sacrifice comfort and gain in this life for the sake of eternal reward—not one who seeks praise without enduring hardship.
Wa la'in asaabakum fadlum minal laahi la yaqoolanna ka al lam takum bainakum wa bainahoo mawaddatuny yaa laitanee kuntu ma'ahum fa afooza fawzan 'azeemaa
But if good fortune comes to you from Allah, they would be sure to say - as if there had never been Ties of affection between you and them - "Oh! I wish I had been with them; a fine thing should I then have made of it!"
Commentary of verses 4:71 to 4:73
This world is a place of trial where everyone is free to act. Even wrongdoers may oppress believers without cause. The test of sincere faith lies in remaining steadfast on the straight path and enduring persecution with patience. Believers must stay alert to the enemies of God, organising their defence through both wise strategy and careful preparation, whether individually or collectively.
Among the Muslims themselves, there may be those who seek success in the Hereafter but wish to avoid any worldly loss. They eagerly join efforts that promise material benefit but find excuses to avoid struggles that involve sacrifice. This mentality reveals that they still think in worldly terms, despite accepting Islam. They lack the deep conviction that the Hereafter is what truly matters. A real believer strives solely for the sake of God, willing to sacrifice comfort and gain in this life for the sake of eternal reward—not one who seeks praise without enduring hardship.
Falyuqaatil fee sabeelil laahil lazeena yashroonal hayaatad dunyaa bil Aakhirah; wa many-uqaatil fee sabeelil laahi fa yuqtal aw yaghlib fasawfa nu'teehi ajran 'azeemaa
Let those fight in the cause of Allah Who sell the life of this world for the hereafter. To him who fights in the cause of Allah, whether he is slain or gets victory - Soon shall We give him a reward of great [value].
Commentary of verses 4:74 to 4:74
By nature, human beings seek external support—something to compensate for their helplessness and provide confidence. To adopt someone or something in this capacity is to treat it as a deity. When something is taken as a deity, it becomes the object of worship, commanding exclusive love and devotion.
Human nature demands a focus for these emotions, and whatever becomes that focus is, in effect, treated as God. Since God remains unseen in this world, those who judge by appearances often grant visible beings the status due only to the Almighty. Typically, these are leaders distinguished by talent, tradition, or large followings. Ordinary people, awed by visible splendour or mysterious legends, regard such figures as possessing extraordinary power.
But in God's universe, no one but God possesses true power or greatness. People may revere others only whilst God remains unseen. On the Day of Judgement, everything will change. Associations and devotions once held so proudly will prove meaningless. Man will look back in despair, utterly helpless to change anything, able only to regret.
Wa maa lakum laa tuqaatiloona fee sabeelil laahi walmustad'afeena minar rijaali wannisaaa'i walwildaanil lazeena yaqooloona Rabbanaaa akhrijnaa min haazihil qaryatiz zaalimi ahluhaa waj'al lanaa mil ladunka waliyanw waj'al lanaa mil ladunka naseeraa
And why should you not fight in the cause of Allah and of those who, being weak, are ill-treated [and oppressed]?- Men, women, and children, whose cry is: "Our Lord! Rescue us from this town, whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from you one who will protect; and raise for us from you one who will help!"
Commentary of verses 4:75 to 4:76
Someone who strives to warn people of the punishment of Hell and guide them towards Paradise, avoiding worldly disputes and political quarrels, will still face opposition from evildoers. The followers of Satan fight against the servants of God not because of any legitimate grievance, but because the message challenges their pride and threatens their material and political interests. Unable to counter the truth with reason, they resort to violence and aggression instead.
Those who believe fight in the cause of Allah, and those who disbelieve Fight in the cause of Evil: So fight you against the friends of Satan: feeble indeed is the cunning of Satan.
Commentary of verses 4:75 to 4:76
Someone who strives to warn people of the punishment of Hell and guide them towards Paradise, avoiding worldly disputes and political quarrels, will still face opposition from evildoers. The followers of Satan fight against the servants of God not because of any legitimate grievance, but because the message challenges their pride and threatens their material and political interests. Unable to counter the truth with reason, they resort to violence and aggression instead.
Alam tara ilal lazeena qeela lahum kuffooo aidiyakum wa aqeemus Salaata w aaatuz Zakaata falammaa kutiba 'alaihimul qitaalu izaa fareequm minhum yakhshawnnan naasa kakhashyatil laahi aw ashadda khashyah; wa qaaloo Rabbanaa lima katabta 'alainal qitaala law laaa akhkhartanaa ilaaa ajalin qareeb; qul mataa'ud dunyaa qaleelunw wal Aakhiratu khairul limanit taqaa wa laa tuzlamoona fateelaa
Have you not turned Your vision to those who were told to hold back their hands [from fight] but establish regular prayers and spend in regular charity? When [at length] the order for fighting was issued to them,
behold! a section of them feared men as - or even more than - they should have feared Allah: They said: "Our Lord! Why have You ordered us to fight? Wouldst You not Grant us respite to our [natural] term,
near [enough]?" Say: "Short is the enjoyment of this world: the Hereafter is the best for those who do right: Never will you be dealt with unjustly in the very least!
Commentary of verse 4:77
Polytheism means worshipping anything other than Allah to satisfy our inner need for devotion. Every human being has a deep, natural urge to worship God—so essential that no one can live without it. When people stray, they do not abandon worship altogether; they simply replace the true God with false ones.
Islamic law therefore prohibits anything that redirects this God-given devotion away from Allah. For example, some polytheists would set animals free in the name of their idols, treating them as sacred and untouchable. This practice essentially grants divinity to created things—a status that belongs to Allah alone. It weakens the bond between a person and their Creator.
Satan exploits this by encouraging people to spread their reverence across multiple objects, diluting the exclusive devotion owed to God. True worship must be directed solely towards Allah, preserving the purity of faith and the strength of our spiritual connection.
Ainamaa takoonoo yudrikkumul mawtu wa law kuntum fee buroojim mushai yadah; wa in tusibhum hasanatuny yaqooloo haazihee min indil laahi wa in tusibhum saiyi'atuny yaqooloo haazihee min 'indik; qul kullum min 'indillaahi famaa lihaaa 'ulaaa'il qawmi laa yakkaadoona yafqahoona hadeesaa
"Wherever you are, death will find you out, even if you are in towers built up strong and high!" If some good befalls them, they say, "This is from Allah"; but if evil, they say, "This is from you" [O Prophet]. Say: "All things are from Allah." But what has come to these people, that they fail to understand a single fact?
Commentary of verses 4:78 to 4:79
When Quranic instructions calling for sacrifice were revealed, opportunists found them uncomfortable and disruptive to their way of life. To hide their weakness, they began to speak insincerely. After the setback at Uhud, they blamed the Prophet's leadership, attempting to mislead others about his capability. When something good happened, they attributed it to God's grace to appear faithful, but when faced with the practical demands of Islam, they tried to discredit the Prophet to avoid their obligations. It is possible for someone to claim faith in God while still following their own desires, but once they accept allegiance to the Messenger of God, they must stand by him—which is far more challenging.
Maaa asaabaka min hasanatin faminal laahi wa maaa asaaabaka min saiyi'atin famin nafsik; wa arsalnaaka linnaasi Rasoolaa; wa kafaa billaahi Shaheedaa
Whatever good, (O man!) happens to you, is from Allah; but whatever evil happens to you, is from your [own] soul. and We have sent you as a messenger to [instruct] mankind. And enough is Allah for a witness.
Commentary of verses 4:78 to 4:79
When Quranic instructions calling for sacrifice were revealed, opportunists found them uncomfortable and disruptive to their way of life. To hide their weakness, they began to speak insincerely. After the setback at Uhud, they blamed the Prophet's leadership, attempting to mislead others about his capability. When something good happened, they attributed it to God's grace to appear faithful, but when faced with the practical demands of Islam, they tried to discredit the Prophet to avoid their obligations. It is possible for someone to claim faith in God while still following their own desires, but once they accept allegiance to the Messenger of God, they must stand by him—which is far more challenging.
Man yuti'ir Rasoola faqad ataa'al laaha wa man tawallaa famaaa arsalnaaka 'alaihim hafeezaa
He who obeys the Messenger, obeys Allah: But if any turn away, We have not sent you to watch over their [evil deeds].
Commentary of verses 4:80 to 4:81
Acknowledging the messenger means accepting someone who is human, like oneself. This is why people may claim to believe in God but refuse to accept His messenger. The real test of faith is recognising and supporting the messenger, standing by his side with sincerity. Unless one truly believes he is sent by God, one cannot take him seriously. There is no value in agreeing with him outwardly, only to disobey him afterwards or spread false rumours about him. Those who treat the messenger so carelessly cannot claim ignorance on the Day of Judgement. The truth of his message, for anyone who reflects sincerely, is clear in his words—words that are divinely inspired.
Wa yaqooloona taa'antun fa izaa barazoo min 'indika baiyata taaa'ifatum minhum ghairal lazee taqoolu wallaahu yaktubu maa yubaiyitoona faa'rid 'anhum wa tawakkal 'alal laah; wa kafaa billaahi Wakeelaa
They have "Obedience" on their lips; but when they leave you, a section of them Meditate all night on things very different from what you tellest them. But Allah records their nightly [plots]: So keep clear of them, and put your trust in Allah, and enough is Allah as a disposer of affairs.
Commentary of verse 4:81
Human nature often leads us to exaggerate the value of something we admire, elevating it beyond its true worth. This is what we call excess. Polytheism and the worship of personalities arise from such exaggeration. In religion, excess means inflating the status of people or things connected to faith beyond what they deserve.
The Quran calls us to see everything as it truly is, without distortion. For instance, calling a servant of Allah—born without a father—the son of God is excess. So too is treating someone honoured by Allah as infallible or superhuman. If Allah commands moderation in worldly pleasures, turning that into complete renunciation is another form of excess. Similarly, over-emphasising one teaching and building an entire philosophy around it distorts religion.
Any time we lift a religious principle or person beyond its rightful place, we commit exaggeration. Islam teaches balance, clarity, and truthfulness in all matters of faith.
Afalaa yatadabbaroonal Qur'aan; wa law kaana min 'indi ghairil laahi la wajadoo fee hikh tilaafan kaseeraa
Do they not consider the Qur'an [with care]? Had it been from other Than Allah, they would surely have found therein Much discrepancy.
Commentary of verses 4:82 to 4:83
When eating and drinking, believers should feel gratitude and acknowledge that everything comes from Allah. Saying 'We consume what Allah has provided' nurtures true devotion and keeps the heart connected to the Creator.
However, false beliefs distort this relationship. Instead of thanking God, people begin to venerate the food itself, attributing special powers to it. Divine blessings, meant to inspire thanksgiving, mistakenly evoke reverence for material objects. The created is treated as the Creator.
Certain foods are forbidden—carrion, blood, pork, and anything sacrificed to idols—because they are impure or unlawful by divine decree. Yet in genuine emergencies, such as severe hunger or illness, consuming otherwise forbidden food becomes permissible to preserve life. The key condition is necessity: one must not indulge for pleasure, but remain within the strict limits required for survival.
Wa izaa jaaa'ahum amrum minal amni awil kkhawfi azaa'oo bihee wa law raddoohu ilar Rasooli wa ilaaa ulil amri minhum la'alimahul lazeena yastambitoonahoo minhum; wa law laa fadlul laahi 'alaikum wa rahmatuhoo lattaba'tumush Shaitaana illaa qaleelaa
When there comes to them some matter touching [Public] safety or fear, they divulge it. If they had only referred it to the Messenger, or to those charged with authority among them, the proper investigators would have Tested it from them [direct].
Were it not for the Grace and Mercy of Allah to you, all but a few of you would have fallen into the clutches of Satan.
Commentary of verses 4:82 to 4:83
When eating and drinking, believers should feel gratitude and acknowledge that everything comes from Allah. Saying 'We consume what Allah has provided' nurtures true devotion and keeps the heart connected to the Creator.
However, false beliefs distort this relationship. Instead of thanking God, people begin to venerate the food itself, attributing special powers to it. Divine blessings, meant to inspire thanksgiving, mistakenly evoke reverence for material objects. The created is treated as the Creator.
Certain foods are forbidden—carrion, blood, pork, and anything sacrificed to idols—because they are impure or unlawful by divine decree. Yet in genuine emergencies, such as severe hunger or illness, consuming otherwise forbidden food becomes permissible to preserve life. The key condition is necessity: one must not indulge for pleasure, but remain within the strict limits required for survival.
Faqaatil fee sabeelil laahi laa tukallafu illa nafsaka wa harridil mu'mineena 'asallaahu ai yakuffa baasallazeena kafaroo; wallaahu ashaddu baasanw wa ashaaddu tanakeelaa
Then fight in Allah's cause - You are held responsible only for thyself - and rouse the believers. It may be that Allah will restrain the fury of the Disbelievers; for Allah is the strongest in might and in punishment.
Commentary of verse 4:84
When Allah reveals His message to humanity, it shines with such clarity that it dispels all darkness and illuminates the path of truth. The divine call is so powerfully supported by reason that no one can logically refute it. Those who deny it may mock, but they cannot counter it with sound argument.
Just as the rising sun separates light from darkness, the call of truth separates falsehood from reality. After this message is delivered, truth becomes so distinct from error that anyone of sound mind can recognise it. However, just as one must open one's eyes to see the sun, one must pay sincere attention to receive divine guidance. Those who turn away or ignore the message will remain deprived of its light, even though it has been clearly proclaimed.
Mai yashfa' shafaa'atan hasanatay yakul lahoo naseebum minhaa wa mai yashfa' shafaa'tan saiyi'atanny-yakul lahoo kiflum minhaa; wa kaanal laahu 'alaa kulli shai'im Muqeetaa
Whoever recommends and helps a good cause becomes a partner therein: And whoever recommends and helps an evil cause, shares in its burden: And Allah is over all things competent.
Commentary of verse 4:85
Holding firmly to the truth is essential. In this world of trial, Satan constantly pursues people, using deception to turn them away from what is right. If a person does not resolve to support the truth and resist Satan's tricks, they risk falling into his snare.
Yet believers are not left to struggle alone. Those who sincerely seek to walk the divine path receive guidance at every step. With Allah's help, they reach their destination. When someone gives truth the highest priority, Allah blesses them with the strength to remain steadfast on the straight path. This divine support protects them from straying onto misleading roads that lead to ruin.
Wa izaa huyyeetum bitahiy yatin fahaiyoo bi ahsana minhaaa aw ruddoohaa; innal laaha kaana 'alaa kulli shai'in Haseeba
When a [courteous] greeting is offered you, meet it with a greeting still more courteous, or [at least] of equal courtesy. Allah takes careful account of all things.
Commentary of verse 4:86
When the Quran gives instructions on inheritance, it states: 'Allah makes things clear to you so that you will not go astray.' This shows that inheritance is not a trivial matter. It is one of those areas where disobeying divine guidance can lead a person away from the straight path. Clarity in such matters protects believers from error and confusion.
Allaahu laaa ilaaha illaa huwa la yajma'annakum ilaa Yawmil Qiyaamati laa raiba feeh; wa man asdaqu mminallaahi hadeesaa
Allah! There is no god but He: unquestionably He will gather you together against the Day of Judgement, about which there is no doubt. And whose word can be truer than Allah's?
Commentary of verses 4:86 to 4:89
In difficult times, the survival of truth depends on the caller to faith remaining firm, even when there is little support. The determination of such a person makes them deserving of Allah's special reward.
After the Battle of Uhud, Madinah faced great hardship. During the second expedition of Badr, only seventy men stepped forward to accompany the Prophet (pbuh). Yet this small force received divine support. Allah filled the hearts of the Makkans with fear, causing them to retreat without battle, avoiding what could have been a devastating confrontation.
Allah's plan is to weaken those who disbelieve, but this plan unfolds only when the bearers of His religion—though lacking means and support—step forward courageously to face the enemy.
Famaa lakum filmuna afiqeena fi'ataini wallaahu arkasahum bimaa kasaboo; atureedoona an tahdoo man adallal laahu wa mmai yudlilil laahu falan tajida lahoo sabeelaa
Why should you be divided into two parties about the Hypocrites? Allah has upset them for their [evil] deeds. Would you guide those whom Allah has thrown out of the Path? For those whom Allah has thrown out of the Path, never shall you find the Path.
Commentary of verses 4:86 to 4:89
In difficult times, the survival of truth depends on the caller to faith remaining firm, even when there is little support. The determination of such a person makes them deserving of Allah's special reward.
After the Battle of Uhud, Madinah faced great hardship. During the second expedition of Badr, only seventy men stepped forward to accompany the Prophet (pbuh). Yet this small force received divine support. Allah filled the hearts of the Makkans with fear, causing them to retreat without battle, avoiding what could have been a devastating confrontation.
Allah's plan is to weaken those who disbelieve, but this plan unfolds only when the bearers of His religion—though lacking means and support—step forward courageously to face the enemy.
Wadoo law takfuroona kamaa kafaroo fatakoonoona sawaaa'an falaa tattakhizoo minhum awliyaaa'a hattaa yuhaajiroo fee sabeelil laah; fa in tawallaw fa khuzoohum waqtuloohum haisu wajat tumoohum wa laa tattakhizoo minhum waliyyanw wa laa naseeraa
They but wish that you should disbelieve, as they do, and thus be on the same footing [as they]: But take not friends from their ranks until they flee in the path of Allah [From what is forbidden]. But if they turn renegades, seize them and slay them wherever you find them; and [in any case] take no friends or helpers from their ranks;-
Commentary of verses 4:86 to 4:89
In difficult times, the survival of truth depends on the caller to faith remaining firm, even when there is little support. The determination of such a person makes them deserving of Allah's special reward.
After the Battle of Uhud, Madinah faced great hardship. During the second expedition of Badr, only seventy men stepped forward to accompany the Prophet (pbuh). Yet this small force received divine support. Allah filled the hearts of the Makkans with fear, causing them to retreat without battle, avoiding what could have been a devastating confrontation.
Allah's plan is to weaken those who disbelieve, but this plan unfolds only when the bearers of His religion—though lacking means and support—step forward courageously to face the enemy.
Illal lazeena yasiloona ilaa qawmim binakum wa bainahum meesaaqun aw jaaa'ookum hasirat sudooruhum ai yuqaatilookum aw yuqaatiloo qawmahum, wa law shaaa'al laahu lasallatahum 'alaikum falaqaatalookum; fa ini' tazalookum falam yuqaatilookum wa alqaw ilaikumus salama famaa ja'alal laahu lakum 'alaihim sabeelaa
Except those who join a group between whom and you there is a treaty [of peace], or those who approach you with hearts restraining them from fighting you as well as fighting their own people.
If Allah had pleased, He could have given them power over you, and they would have fought you: Therefore if they withdraw from you but fight you not, and [instead] send you [Guarantees of] peace, then Allah Has opened no way for you [to war against them].
Commentary of verses 4:90 to 4:91
After accepting Islam, a person repeatedly encounters situations that test the sincerity of their faith. Migration is one such test. It means that when worldly comforts or gains obstruct the path of faith, one must set them aside and move forward for the sake of Allah. If necessary, a believer should leave behind relatives and home. Those who sacrifice personal benefit at such moments strengthen their bond with truth. But those who fail to do so weaken their receptiveness to it.
The demands of faith divide people into groups: sincere believers, opponents, and hypocrites. Muslims must respond appropriately—firm in peacefully confronting wrongdoing, gentle in moral conduct, considerate towards the weak, and influential without being swayed. They should not provoke those who seek peace.
Satajidoona aakhareena yureedoona ai yaamanookum wa yaamanoo qawmahum kullamaa ruddooo ilal itnati urkisoo feehaa; fa il lam ya'tazilookum wa yulqooo ilai kumus salama wa yakuffooo aidiyahum fakhuzoohum waqtuloohum haisu saqif tumoohum; wa ulaaa'ikum ja'alnaa lakum 'alaihim sultaanam mubeenaa
Others you will find that wish to gain your confidence as well as that of their people: Every time they are sent back to temptation, they succumb thereto: if they withdraw not from you nor give you [guarantees] of peace besides restraining their hands, seize them and slay them wherever you get them: In their case We have provided you with a clear argument against them.
Commentary of verses 4:90 to 4:91
After accepting Islam, a person repeatedly encounters situations that test the sincerity of their faith. Migration is one such test. It means that when worldly comforts or gains obstruct the path of faith, one must set them aside and move forward for the sake of Allah. If necessary, a believer should leave behind relatives and home. Those who sacrifice personal benefit at such moments strengthen their bond with truth. But those who fail to do so weaken their receptiveness to it.
The demands of faith divide people into groups: sincere believers, opponents, and hypocrites. Muslims must respond appropriately—firm in peacefully confronting wrongdoing, gentle in moral conduct, considerate towards the weak, and influential without being swayed. They should not provoke those who seek peace.
Wa maa kaana limu'minin ai yaqtula mu'minan illaa khata'aa; waman qatala mu'minan khata'an fatabreeru raqabatim mu'minatinw wa diyatum mmusallamatun ilaaa ahliheee illaaa ai yassaddaqoo; fa in kaana min qawmin 'aduwwil lakum wa huwa mu'minun fatabreeru raqabatim mu'minah; wa in kaana min qawmim bainakum wa bainahum meesaaqun fadiyatum mmusallamatun ilaaa ahlihee wa tahreeru raqabatim mu'minatin famal lam yajid fa Siyaamu shahraini mutataabi'aini tawhatam minal laah; wa kaanal laahu 'Aleeman hakeemaa
Never should a believer kill a believer; but [If it so happens] by mistake, [Compensation is due]: If one [so] kills a believer, it is ordained that he should free a believing slave, and pay compensation to the deceased's family, unless they remit it freely.
If the deceased belonged to a people at war with you, and he was a believer, the freeing of a believing slave [Is enough]. If he belonged to a people with whom you have treaty of Mutual alliance, compensation should be paid to his family, and a believing slave be freed.
For those who find this beyond their means, [is prescribed] a fast for two months running: by way of repentance to Allah: for Allah has all knowledge and all wisdom.
Commentary of verses 4:92 to 4:93
Deliberately taking a life is a terrible and irreversible crime. One who does so knowingly brings Allah's wrath upon themselves. Such an act allows no atonement, and the punishment is rejection by Allah and eternal Hellfire.
Accidental killing, however, is treated more mercifully. If someone unintentionally causes a death but then fully recognises the gravity of the act, sincerely seeks Allah's forgiveness, and provides appropriate compensation, they may hope for divine clemency. Facing up to the seriousness of the crime can inspire genuine self-reform. To guide this process, Allah has given clear directives. Self-discipline, such as continuous fasting, serves as a starting point for repentance and renewal.
Wa mai yaqtul mu'minammuta 'ammidan fajazaaa'uhoo Jahannamu khaalidan feehaa wa ghadibal laahu' alaihi wa la'anahoo wa a'adda lahoo 'azaaban 'azeemaa
If a man kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell, to abide therein [For ever]: And the wrath and the curse of Allah are upon him, and a dreadful punishment is prepared for him.
Commentary of verses 4:92 to 4:93
Deliberately taking a life is a terrible and irreversible crime. One who does so knowingly brings Allah's wrath upon themselves. Such an act allows no atonement, and the punishment is rejection by Allah and eternal Hellfire.
Accidental killing, however, is treated more mercifully. If someone unintentionally causes a death but then fully recognises the gravity of the act, sincerely seeks Allah's forgiveness, and provides appropriate compensation, they may hope for divine clemency. Facing up to the seriousness of the crime can inspire genuine self-reform. To guide this process, Allah has given clear directives. Self-discipline, such as continuous fasting, serves as a starting point for repentance and renewal.
Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo izaa darabtum fee sabeelil laahi fatabaiyanoo wa laa taqooloo liman alqaaa ilaikumus salaama lasta mu'minan tabtaghoona 'aradal hayaatid dunyaa fa'indal laahi maghaanimu kaseerah; kazaalika kuntum min qablu famannnal laahu 'alaikum fatabaiyanoo; innallaaha kaana bimaa ta'maloona Khabeeraa
O you who have believed, When you go abroad in the cause of Allah, investigate carefully, and say not to any one who offers you a salutation: "You are none of a believer!" Coveting the perishable goods of this life: with Allah are profits and spoils abundant.
Even thus were you yourselves before, till Allah conferred on you His favours: Therefore carefully investigate. For Allah is well aware of all that you do.
Commentary of verse 4:94
Fasting aims to reduce our attachment to material comforts and strengthen spiritual resolve, opening the door to deeper faith and piety. Ramadan offers a unique chance to focus on good deeds and avoid wrongdoing, bringing peace and contentment to the believer's heart.
Though the fast lasts one month, its spirit endures far longer. It teaches us to withdraw inwardly from the world while remaining engaged outwardly—a way to fulfil spiritual duties amid everyday life. Ramadan is a time of heightened God-consciousness, when we train ourselves to become better people by abandoning gossip, lies, and slander, and instead cultivating virtue.
Day by day, the soul moves closer to righteousness and devotion, experiencing a profound spiritual uplift. The Prophet Muhammad would spend Ramadan in constant prayer and praise, especially at sunset when breaking the fast. At this sacred moment, the believer feels exceptionally close to Allah. The Prophet taught that the supplication of a fasting person at this time is among those never refused by God.
Laa yastawil qaa'idoona Minal mu'mineena ghairu ulid darari walmujaahidoona fee sabeelil laahi bi amwaalihim wa anfusihim; faddalal laahul mujaahideena bi amwaalihim wa anfusihim; faddalal laahul mujaahideena bi am waalihim wa anfusihim 'alalqaa'ideena darajab; wa kullanw wa'adal laahul husnaa; wa faddalal laahul mujaahideena 'alal qaa'ideena ajran 'azeemaa
Not equal are those believers who sit [at home] and receive no hurt, and those who strive and fight in the cause of Allah with their goods and their persons. Allah has granted a grade higher to those who strive and fight with their goods and persons than to those who sit [at home].
To all [in Faith] Has Allah promised good: But those who strive and fight Has He distinguished above those who sit [at home] by a special reward,
Commentary of verse 4:95
Outward appearances and worldly status do not reveal a person's true worth. What truly matters is the sincerity of faith in one's heart, something only God can see and judge. Human beings cannot measure genuine greatness, as it is hidden from our perception. On the Day of Judgement, God will reveal who was truly great and who was not. Understanding this helps us overcome arrogance and a sense of superiority, which are often at the root of many social problems.
Darajaatim minhu wa maghfiratanw wa rahmah; wa kaanal laahu Ghafoorar Raheema
Ranks specially bestowed by Him, and Forgiveness and Mercy. For Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Commentary of verses 4:96 to 4:98
A believer seeks an environment where faith can flourish freely. If circumstances prevent this, migration (hijrah) becomes necessary—not just physically, but spiritually, moving from a harmful environment to one that supports truth. For example, if someone remains in an organisation where they must praise people instead of God, and stays silent out of self-interest rather than proclaiming the truth, they harm their own soul. Dying in such a state means meeting God while having wronged oneself. However, those genuinely unable to leave due to weakness or helplessness are excused.
Innal lazeena tawaffaa humul malaaa'ikatu zaalimeee anfusihim qaaloo feema kuntum qaaloo kunnaa mustad'afeena fil-ard; qaalooo alam takun ardul laahi waasi'atan fatuhaajiroo feehaa; fa ulaaa'ika maawaahum Jahannamu wa saaa'at maseeraa
When angels take the souls of those who die in sin against their souls, they say: "In what [plight] Were you?" They reply: "Weak and oppressed Were we in the earth." They say: "Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to move yourselves away [From evil]?" Such men will find their abode in Hell, What an evil refuge! -
Commentary of verses 4:96 to 4:98
A believer seeks an environment where faith can flourish freely. If circumstances prevent this, migration (hijrah) becomes necessary—not just physically, but spiritually, moving from a harmful environment to one that supports truth. For example, if someone remains in an organisation where they must praise people instead of God, and stays silent out of self-interest rather than proclaiming the truth, they harm their own soul. Dying in such a state means meeting God while having wronged oneself. However, those genuinely unable to leave due to weakness or helplessness are excused.
Except those who are [really] weak and oppressed - men, women, and children - who have no means in their power, nor (a guide-post) to their way.
Commentary of verses 4:96 to 4:98
A believer seeks an environment where faith can flourish freely. If circumstances prevent this, migration (hijrah) becomes necessary—not just physically, but spiritually, moving from a harmful environment to one that supports truth. For example, if someone remains in an organisation where they must praise people instead of God, and stays silent out of self-interest rather than proclaiming the truth, they harm their own soul. Dying in such a state means meeting God while having wronged oneself. However, those genuinely unable to leave due to weakness or helplessness are excused.
Fa ulaaa'ika 'asal laahu ai ya'fuwa 'anhum; wa kaanal laahu 'Afuwwan Ghafooraa
For these, there is hope that Allah will forgive: For Allah does blot out [sins] and forgive again and again.
Commentary of verses 4:99 to 4:100
When the call of truth is raised, believers are expected to respond with their time, effort, and resources to support and spread the message. Yet some refuse, clinging to personal comfort and self-interest, unwilling to step out and join the cause. If they die in this state of inaction, they will stand before God having failed themselves. However, those genuinely unable to help due to real hardship or incapacity are not held accountable in the same way.
Wa mai yuhaajir fee sabeelil laahi yajid fil ardi mmuraaghaman kaseeranw wa sa'ah; wa mai yakhruj mim baitihee muhaajiran ilal laahi wa Rasoolihee summa yudrikhul mawtu faqad waqa'a ajruhoo 'alal laah; wa kaanal laahu Ghafoorar Raheemaa
He who forsakes his home in the cause of Allah, finds in the earth Many a refuge, wide and spacious: Should he die as a refugee from home for Allah and His Messenger, His reward becomes due and sure with Allah: And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Commentary of verses 4:99 to 4:100
When the call of truth is raised, believers are expected to respond with their time, effort, and resources to support and spread the message. Yet some refuse, clinging to personal comfort and self-interest, unwilling to step out and join the cause. If they die in this state of inaction, they will stand before God having failed themselves. However, those genuinely unable to help due to real hardship or incapacity are not held accountable in the same way.
Wa izaa darabtum fil ardi falaisa 'alaikum junaahun an taqsuroo minas Salaati in khiftum ai yaftinakumul lazeena kafarooo; innal kaafireena kaanoo lakum aduwwam mubeenaa
When you travel through the earth, there is no blame on you if you shorten your prayers, for fear the Disbelievers May attack you: For the Disbelievers are to you open enemies.
Commentary of verses 4:101 to 4:102
Every act of worship—prayer, charity, spreading God's message, or striving in His cause—serves one ultimate purpose: remembering God. These practices shape a person who lives constantly aware of God, fearing Him in difficulty, longing for Him in hope, and trusting Him entirely. Whether blessed or tested, such a person sees everything as coming from God. This inner awareness is so essential that even during war, believers are instructed to maintain prayer in some form, ensuring that even when facing death, they remain focused on what truly matters for the Hereafter.
Wa izaa kunta feehim fa aqamta lahumus Salaata faltaqum taaa'ifatum minhum ma'aka walyaakhuzooo aslihatahum fa izaa sajadoo fal yakoonoo minw waraaa'ikum waltaati taaa'ifatun ukhraa lam yusalloo falyusallo ma'aka walyaakhuzoo hizrahum wa aslihatahum; waddal lazeena kafaroo law taghfuloona 'anaslihatikum wa amti'atikum fa yameeloona 'alaikum mailatanw waahidah; wa laa junaaha 'alaikum in kaana bikum azam mimmatarin aw kuntum mmardaaa an tada'ooo aslihatakum wa khuzoo hizrakum; innal laaha a'adda lilkaafireena 'azaabam muheenaa
When you [O Messenger] art with them, and standest to lead them in prayer, Let one party of them stand up [in prayer] with you, Taking their arms with them: When they finish their prostrations, let them Take their position in the rear.
And let the other party come up which has not yet prayed - and let them pray with you, Taking all precaution, and bearing arms: the Disbelievers wish, if you were negligent of your arms and your baggage, to assault you in a single rush.
But there is no blame on you if you put away your arms because of the inconvenience of rain or because you are ill; but take [every] precaution for yourselves. For the Disbelievers Allah has prepared a humiliating punishment.
Commentary of verses 4:101 to 4:102
Every act of worship—prayer, charity, spreading God's message, or striving in His cause—serves one ultimate purpose: remembering God. These practices shape a person who lives constantly aware of God, fearing Him in difficulty, longing for Him in hope, and trusting Him entirely. Whether blessed or tested, such a person sees everything as coming from God. This inner awareness is so essential that even during war, believers are instructed to maintain prayer in some form, ensuring that even when facing death, they remain focused on what truly matters for the Hereafter.
Fa izaa qadaitumus Salaata fazkurul laaha qiyaamanw wa qu'oodanw wa 'alaa junoobikum; fa izat maanantum fa aqeemus Salaah; innas Salaata kaanat 'alal mu'mineena kitaabam mawqootaa
When you pass [Congregational] prayers, celebrate Allah's praises, standing, sitting down, or lying down on your sides; but when you are free from danger, set up Regular Prayers: For such prayers are enjoined on believers at stated times.
Commentary of verses 4:103 to 4:104
While Muslims place their trust in God, they are also commanded to prepare the practical means of defence. Divine help arrives through real-world actions; without preparation, there is no channel for God's assistance to reach them. Trials and hardships in this world are part of God's test to reveal who remains firm and who turns unjust. Sometimes believers face defeat or harm, leading some to despair. Yet such setbacks carry hidden wisdom—they prompt repentance, draw hearts closer to God, and make people more deserving of His mercy.
Wa laa tahinoo fibtighaaa'il qawmi in takoonoo taalamoona fa innahum yaalamoona kamaa taalamoona wa tarjoona minal laahi maa laa yarjoon; wa kaanal laahu 'Aleeman Hakeemaa
And slacken not in following up the enemy: If you are suffering hardships, they are suffering similar hardships; but you have Hope from Allah, while they have none. And Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom.
Commentary of verses 4:103 to 4:104
While Muslims place their trust in God, they are also commanded to prepare the practical means of defence. Divine help arrives through real-world actions; without preparation, there is no channel for God's assistance to reach them. Trials and hardships in this world are part of God's test to reveal who remains firm and who turns unjust. Sometimes believers face defeat or harm, leading some to despair. Yet such setbacks carry hidden wisdom—they prompt repentance, draw hearts closer to God, and make people more deserving of His mercy.
We have sent down to you the Book in truth, that you might judge between men, as guided by Allah: so be not [used] as an advocate by those who betray their trust;
Commentary of verses 4:105 to 4:106
Human beings naturally form communities for strength and support. However, what begins as a practical need can become an unhealthy loyalty, where one's group is defended regardless of right or wrong. People end up supporting their own side blindly, even in falsehood, and opposing others, even when they are truthful. This is tribalism, not justice. Instead, God's command must be the standard. Truth should be upheld without favouritism, and wrongdoing condemned, even if committed by one's own community. Even between two individuals from different groups, judgement must be based on truth alone, not bias. Believers must always align themselves with what is right.
But seek the forgiveness of Allah; for Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Commentary of verses 4:105 to 4:106
Human beings naturally form communities for strength and support. However, what begins as a practical need can become an unhealthy loyalty, where one's group is defended regardless of right or wrong. People end up supporting their own side blindly, even in falsehood, and opposing others, even when they are truthful. This is tribalism, not justice. Instead, God's command must be the standard. Truth should be upheld without favouritism, and wrongdoing condemned, even if committed by one's own community. Even between two individuals from different groups, judgement must be based on truth alone, not bias. Believers must always align themselves with what is right.
Contend not on behalf of such as betray their own souls; for Allah loves not one given to perfidy and crime:
Commentary of verses 4:107 to 4:108
Abandoning truth is, in reality, abandoning oneself. Before betraying others, a person betrays their own conscience, which God has placed within every heart. Whenever someone intends to act unjustly, this inner voice warns them. To proceed, they must suppress it. Often, people support wrongdoers because of social ties or worldly interests, knowingly siding with falsehood. In doing so, they distance themselves from God to gain favour with others. Supporting untruth for the sake of human approval in this life means losing God's companionship in the Hereafter.
Yastakhfoona minannaasi wa laa yastakh foona minal laahi wa huwa ma'ahum iz yubaiyitoona maa laa yardaa minal qawl; wa kaanal laahu bimaa ya'maloona muheetaa
They may hide [Their crimes] from men, but they cannot hide [Them] from Allah, seeing that He is in their midst when they plot by night, in words that He cannot approve: And Allah Does compass round all that they do.
Commentary of verses 4:107 to 4:108
Abandoning truth is, in reality, abandoning oneself. Before betraying others, a person betrays their own conscience, which God has placed within every heart. Whenever someone intends to act unjustly, this inner voice warns them. To proceed, they must suppress it. Often, people support wrongdoers because of social ties or worldly interests, knowingly siding with falsehood. In doing so, they distance themselves from God to gain favour with others. Supporting untruth for the sake of human approval in this life means losing God's companionship in the Hereafter.
haaa antum haaa'ulaaa'i jaadaltum 'anhum fil hayaatid dunyaa famai yujaadilul laaha 'anhum Yawmal Qiyaamati am mai yakoonu 'alaihim wakeelaa
Ah! These are the sort of men on whose behalf you may contend in this world; but who will contend with Allah on their behalf on the Day of Judgement, or who will carry their affairs through?
Commentary of verses 4:109 to 4:111
This world is a test, and mistakes are inevitable—whether towards God or people. The right response is sincere repentance: admitting the error, seeking God's forgiveness, and praying for the strength to do better. Those who seek refuge in God with genuine humility will find it. His grace sharpens their conscience and helps them live more wisely.
But some people refuse to acknowledge their wrongs. Instead, they justify themselves, rally supporters, and attack anyone who points out their mistake. Such arrogance makes them the worst offenders in God's eyes. Their eloquence and supporters may shield them now, but none of it will help them in the Hereafter.
Wa mai ya'mal sooo'an aw yazlim nafsahoo summa yastaghfiril laaha yajidil laaha Ghafoorar Raheemaa
If any one does evil or wrongs his own soul but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Commentary of verses 4:109 to 4:111
This world is a test, and mistakes are inevitable—whether towards God or people. The right response is sincere repentance: admitting the error, seeking God's forgiveness, and praying for the strength to do better. Those who seek refuge in God with genuine humility will find it. His grace sharpens their conscience and helps them live more wisely.
But some people refuse to acknowledge their wrongs. Instead, they justify themselves, rally supporters, and attack anyone who points out their mistake. Such arrogance makes them the worst offenders in God's eyes. Their eloquence and supporters may shield them now, but none of it will help them in the Hereafter.
Wa mai yaksib isman fa innamaa yaksibuhoo 'alaa nafsih; wa kaanal laahu 'Aleeman hakeemaa
And if any one earns sin. he earns it against His own soul: for Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom.
Commentary of verses 4:109 to 4:111
This world is a test, and mistakes are inevitable—whether towards God or people. The right response is sincere repentance: admitting the error, seeking God's forgiveness, and praying for the strength to do better. Those who seek refuge in God with genuine humility will find it. His grace sharpens their conscience and helps them live more wisely.
But some people refuse to acknowledge their wrongs. Instead, they justify themselves, rally supporters, and attack anyone who points out their mistake. Such arrogance makes them the worst offenders in God's eyes. Their eloquence and supporters may shield them now, but none of it will help them in the Hereafter.
Wa mai yaksib khateee'atan aw isman summa yarmi bihee bareee'an faqadih tamala buhtaananw wa ismam mubeenaa
But if any one earns a fault or a sin and throws it on to one that is innocent, He carries [on himself] [Both] a falsehood and a flagrant sin.
Commentary of verses 4:112 to 4:113
A thief hides stolen goods in someone else's home, then accuses that innocent person of the crime. A man tries to harm a virtuous woman, and when she resists, he spreads lies to ruin her reputation. A business partner sabotages a partnership for personal gain, then blames the other. These deliberate acts of deception only deepen the wrongdoer's guilt—they do not erase it.
God gives such people the chance to reform. Through His mercy, they are urged to admit their faults humbly, not to rely arrogantly on their supporters, and to fear God. If they escape consequences, they should not celebrate, but pray instead that God protects them from becoming oppressors.
Wa law laa fadlul laahi 'alaika wa rahmatuhoo lahammat taaa'ifatum minhum ai yudillooka wa maa yudilloona illaaa anfusahum wa maa yadurroonaka min shai'; wa anzalal laahu 'alaikal Kitaaba wal Hikmata wa 'allamaka maa lam takun ta'lam; wa kaana fadlul laahi 'alaika 'azeemaa
But for the Grace of Allah to you and his Mercy, a party of them would certainly have plotted to lead you astray. But [in fact] they will only Lead their own souls astray, and to you they can do no harm in the least.
For Allah has sent down to you the Book and wisdom and taught you what you Knewest not [before]: And great is the Grace of Allah to you.
Commentary of verses 4:112 to 4:113
A thief hides stolen goods in someone else's home, then accuses that innocent person of the crime. A man tries to harm a virtuous woman, and when she resists, he spreads lies to ruin her reputation. A business partner sabotages a partnership for personal gain, then blames the other. These deliberate acts of deception only deepen the wrongdoer's guilt—they do not erase it.
God gives such people the chance to reform. Through His mercy, they are urged to admit their faults humbly, not to rely arrogantly on their supporters, and to fear God. If they escape consequences, they should not celebrate, but pray instead that God protects them from becoming oppressors.
laa khaira fee kaseerim min najwaahum illaa man amara bisadaqatin aw ma'roofin aw islaahim bainan naas; wa mai yaf'al zaalikab tighaaa'a mardaatil laahi fa sawfa nu'teehi ajran 'azeemaa
In most of their secret talks there is no good: But if one exhorts to a deed of charity or justice or conciliation between men, [Secrecy is permissible]: To him who does this, seeking the good pleasure of Allah, We shall soon give a reward of the highest [value].
Commentary of verses 4:114 to 4:115
A true call to God's message establishes His justice on earth. It weighs people honestly, stripping away pretence and revealing them as they really are. This exposure enrages those found wanting. Overwhelmed by pride, they fiercely oppose the caller, spreading rumours, discouraging financial support, and sowing doubt to keep others away.
But those with living consciences respond differently. God enables them to accept the truth, support the messenger, and reshape their lives accordingly. They speak openly in favour of what is right, encourage charity and good works, and work to heal divisions. Recognising the truth awakens a positive spirit within them, naturally leading to constructive action.
Wa mai yushaaqiqir Rasoola mim ba'di maa tabaiyana lahul hudaa wa tattabi' ghaira sabeelil mu'mineena nuwallihee ma tawallaa wa nuslihee Jahannama wa saaa'at maseeraa
If anyone contends with the Messenger even after guidance has been plainly conveyed to him, and follows a path other than that becoming to men of Faith, We shall leave him in the path he has chosen, and land him in Hell, what an evil refuge!
Commentary of verses 4:114 to 4:115
A true call to God's message establishes His justice on earth. It weighs people honestly, stripping away pretence and revealing them as they really are. This exposure enrages those found wanting. Overwhelmed by pride, they fiercely oppose the caller, spreading rumours, discouraging financial support, and sowing doubt to keep others away.
But those with living consciences respond differently. God enables them to accept the truth, support the messenger, and reshape their lives accordingly. They speak openly in favour of what is right, encourage charity and good works, and work to heal divisions. Recognising the truth awakens a positive spirit within them, naturally leading to constructive action.
Innal laaha laa yaghfiru ai yushraka bihee wayaghfiru maa doona zaalika limai yashaaa'; wa mai yushrik billaahi faqad dalla dalaalam ba'eedaa
Allah forgives not [The sin of] joining other gods with Him; but He forgives whom He pleases other sins than this: one who joins other gods with Allah, Has strayed far, far away [from the right].
Commentary of verse 4:116
They recited the words of their scripture seeking blessings, but without understanding their meaning or applying them to their lives.
iny yad'oona min dooniheee illaaa inaasanw wa iny yad'oona illaa Shaitaanam mareedaa
[The Pagans], leaving Him, call but upon female deities: They call but upon satan the persistent rebel!
Commentary of verse 4:117
The verse 'You shall be gathered before Him' is the greatest lesson of pilgrimage, vividly experienced on the plains of Arafat where millions assemble each year. This vast gathering symbolises the final assembly of all humanity on the Day of Judgement. True results come from sincere actions, not empty words.
La'anahul laah; wa qaala la attakhizanna min 'ibaadika naseebam mafroodaa
Allah did curse him, but he said: "I will take of Your servants a portion Marked off;
Commentary of verses 4:118 to 4:121
Humanity's greatest adversary in this world is Satan. Though he has no real power, he misleads people with false promises and imaginary desires, drawing them away from the truth. His methods of deception fall mainly into two categories: superstition and interference with God's creation.
Superstition means expecting outcomes from things that have no real connection to those results—believing in effects with no true cause.
Wa la udillannahum wa la umanni yannnahum wa la aamurannahum fala yubat tikunna aazaanal lan'aami wa la aamurannahum fala yughai yirunna khalqal laah; wa mai yattakhizish Shaitaana waliyyam mmin doonil laahi faqad khasira khusraanam mubeena
"I will mislead them, and I will create in them false desires; I will order them to slit the ears of cattle, and to deface the [fair] nature created by Allah." Whoever, forsaking Allah, takes satan for a friend, has unquestionably suffered a loss that is manifest.
Commentary of verses 4:118 to 4:121
Humanity's greatest adversary in this world is Satan. Though he has no real power, he misleads people with false promises and imaginary desires, drawing them away from the truth. His methods of deception fall mainly into two categories: superstition and interference with God's creation.
Superstition means expecting outcomes from things that have no real connection to those results—believing in effects with no true cause.
Ya'iduhum wa yuman neehim wa maa ya'iduhumush Shaitaanu illaa ghurooraa
Satan makes them promises, and creates in them false desires; but satan's promises are nothing but deception.
Commentary of verses 4:118 to 4:121
Humanity's greatest adversary in this world is Satan. Though he has no real power, he misleads people with false promises and imaginary desires, drawing them away from the truth. His methods of deception fall mainly into two categories: superstition and interference with God's creation.
Superstition means expecting outcomes from things that have no real connection to those results—believing in effects with no true cause.
Ulaaa'ika maawaahum Jahannamu wa laa yajidoona 'anhaa maheesaa
They [his dupes] will have their dwelling in Hell, and from it they will find no way of escape.
Commentary of verses 4:118 to 4:121
Humanity's greatest adversary in this world is Satan. Though he has no real power, he misleads people with false promises and imaginary desires, drawing them away from the truth. His methods of deception fall mainly into two categories: superstition and interference with God's creation.
Superstition means expecting outcomes from things that have no real connection to those results—believing in effects with no true cause.
Wallazeena aamanoo wa 'amilus saalihaati sanud khiluhum Jannaatin tajree min tahtihal anhaaru khaalideena feehaaa abadaa; wa'dal laahi haqqaa; wa man asdaqu minal laahi qeelaa
But those who believe and do deeds of righteousness, we shall soon admit them to gardens, with rivers flowing beneath,to dwell therein for ever. Allah's promise is the truth, and whose word can be truer than Allah's?
Commentary of verse 4:122
There are two ways to embrace Islam. The first is wholehearted submission: obeying what Islam commands and avoiding what it forbids, without reservation. The second is conditional acceptance: following Islam only when it suits personal interests and does not disrupt everyday life.
Those who take the second path never allow Islam to challenge their habits, ambitions, or desires. Their initial enthusiasm fades when faith demands real sacrifice or change. They cling to Islam in name only, keeping it at arm's length from their true priorities.
If such people seek arguments, the Quran provides them in abundance. If they want miracles, the entire universe testifies to God's power. Yet those who reject clear reasoning will not be convinced by signs either. Are they waiting for Allah and His angels to appear? When that happens, on the Day of Judgement, belief will bring no benefit—fates will be sealed, not forged. The test of this life is to believe without seeing. Those who put Islam second to worldly gain may enjoy temporary splendour, but when this world ends, the tables will turn: the humble believers will be raised high, and the arrogant will be brought low.
Laisa bi amaaniyyikum wa laaa amaaniyyi Ahlil Kitaab; mai ya'mal sooo'ai yujza bihee wa laa yajid lahoo min doonil laahi waliyanw wa laa naseeraa
Not your desires, nor those of the People of the Book [can prevail]: whoever works evil, will be requited accordingly. Nor will he find, besides Allah, any protector or helper.
Commentary of verses 4:123 to 4:124
Even believers in God and the Hereafter can become absorbed in worldly pursuits. They do not deny their faith outright, but practice it only formally, devoting all their real effort to worldly success. They take worldly honour seriously and know that achieving it requires hard work. Yet when it comes to Paradise, they rely on wishful thinking.
They imagine that blessings from a saint, membership in a certain group, or the recitation of specific phrases will be enough to save them from Hell and grant them Heaven. But such wishful thinking, however beautifully expressed, will not help. God's system is founded on truth and justice. In His court, everyone is judged strictly by their actions, not by empty hopes or superficial rituals.
Wa mai ya'mal minas saalihaati min zakarin aw unsaa wa huwa mu'minun fa ulaaa'ika yadkhuloonal Jannata wa laa yuzlamoona naqeeraa
If any do deeds of righteousness, be they male or female - and have faith, they will enter Heaven, and not the least injustice will be done to them.
Commentary of verses 4:123 to 4:124
Even believers in God and the Hereafter can become absorbed in worldly pursuits. They do not deny their faith outright, but practice it only formally, devoting all their real effort to worldly success. They take worldly honour seriously and know that achieving it requires hard work. Yet when it comes to Paradise, they rely on wishful thinking.
They imagine that blessings from a saint, membership in a certain group, or the recitation of specific phrases will be enough to save them from Hell and grant them Heaven. But such wishful thinking, however beautifully expressed, will not help. God's system is founded on truth and justice. In His court, everyone is judged strictly by their actions, not by empty hopes or superficial rituals.
Wa man ahsanu deenam mimmman aslama wajhahoo lillaahi wa huwa muhsinunw wattaba'a Millata Ibraaheema haneefaa; wattakhazal laahu Ibraaheema khaleelaa
Who can be better in religion than one who submits his whole self to Allah, does good, and follows the path of Abraham the true in Faith? For Allah did take Abraham for a friend.
Commentary of verses 4:125 to 4:126
The servant blessed by God is exemplified by Abraham—one who surrendered completely to his Lord, reserved devotion solely for Him, and conducted worldly affairs with justice and humility, shunning arrogance and wrongdoing. To turn one's face towards God means directing one's entire being towards Him.
God is the Lord of all creation and possesses absolute power, yet He remains unseen in this world. Because people do not perceive Him directly, they often assume they are free to act as they wish, committing wrongs without restraint. If humanity truly recognised its utter powerlessness before God, it would feel the same helplessness destined for the Day of Judgement, when all truths will be laid bare.
Only those purified by God's grace are genuinely pure. True honour comes not from race or lineage, but from adherence to divine justice. God does not show partiality based on community or ancestry—such discrimination would be a grave injustice. Instead, His judgement is absolute and fair, rewarding only those who prove themselves deserving through righteous deeds.
Wa lillaahi maa fis samaawaati wa maa fil ard; wa kaanal laahu bikulli shai'im muheetaa
But to Allah belong all things in the heavens and on earth: And He it is that Encompasses all things.
Commentary of verses 4:125 to 4:126
The servant blessed by God is exemplified by Abraham—one who surrendered completely to his Lord, reserved devotion solely for Him, and conducted worldly affairs with justice and humility, shunning arrogance and wrongdoing. To turn one's face towards God means directing one's entire being towards Him.
God is the Lord of all creation and possesses absolute power, yet He remains unseen in this world. Because people do not perceive Him directly, they often assume they are free to act as they wish, committing wrongs without restraint. If humanity truly recognised its utter powerlessness before God, it would feel the same helplessness destined for the Day of Judgement, when all truths will be laid bare.
Only those purified by God's grace are genuinely pure. True honour comes not from race or lineage, but from adherence to divine justice. God does not show partiality based on community or ancestry—such discrimination would be a grave injustice. Instead, His judgement is absolute and fair, rewarding only those who prove themselves deserving through righteous deeds.
Wa yastaftoonaka finnisaaa'i qulil laahu yufteekum feehinna wa maa yutlaa 'alaikum fil Kitaabi fee yataaman nisaaa'il laatee laa tu'toonahunna mmaa kutiba lahunnna wa targhaboona an tankihoohunna wal mustad'a feena minal wildaani wa an taqoomoo lilyataamaa bilqist; wa maa taf'aloo min khairin fa innal laaha kaana bihee 'Aleemaa
They ask your instruction concerning the women say: Allah does instruct you about them: And [remember] what has been rehearsed to you in the Book, concerning the orphans of women to whom you give not the portions prescribed, and yet whom you desire to marry, as also concerning the children who are weak and oppressed: that you stand firm for justice to orphans.
There is not a good deed which you do, but Allah is well-acquainted therewith.
Commentary of verses 4:127 to 4:128
When the Prophet was asked about social rulings, God instructed him to emphasise goodness, justice, brotherhood, and piety. Laws achieve their purpose only when enforced by those who fear God and sincerely desire justice. Without such an attitude, even enforced laws bring no real reform.
Social reform depends on the wrongdoer recognising ultimate accountability to God. Even if someone escapes worldly consequences by deceiving others, they cannot escape God's reckoning. Meanwhile, those who do good should persist regardless of human recognition, trusting that God sees and will reward them.
Fear of Hell deters injustice, while hope of Paradise gives strength to endure the losses that often accompany living truthfully. This dual awareness—of divine punishment and reward—shapes the conduct of a true believer, anchoring their actions in eternal rather than temporary considerations.
Wa inimra atun khaafat mim ba'lihaa nushoozan aw i'raadan falaa junaaha 'alaihi maaa ai yuslihaa bainahumaa sulhaa; wassulhu khair; wa uhdiratil anfusush shuhh; wa in tuhsinoo wa tattaqoo fa innal laaha kaana bimaa ta'maloona Khabeeraa
If a wife fears cruelty or desertion on her husband's part, there is no blame on them if they arrange an amicable settlement between themselves; and such settlement is best; even though men's souls are swayed by greed. But if you do good and practise self-restraint, Allah is well-acquainted with all that you do.
Commentary of verses 4:127 to 4:128
When the Prophet was asked about social rulings, God instructed him to emphasise goodness, justice, brotherhood, and piety. Laws achieve their purpose only when enforced by those who fear God and sincerely desire justice. Without such an attitude, even enforced laws bring no real reform.
Social reform depends on the wrongdoer recognising ultimate accountability to God. Even if someone escapes worldly consequences by deceiving others, they cannot escape God's reckoning. Meanwhile, those who do good should persist regardless of human recognition, trusting that God sees and will reward them.
Fear of Hell deters injustice, while hope of Paradise gives strength to endure the losses that often accompany living truthfully. This dual awareness—of divine punishment and reward—shapes the conduct of a true believer, anchoring their actions in eternal rather than temporary considerations.
Wa lan tastatee'ooo an ta'diloo bainan nisaaa'i wa law harastum falaa tameeloo kullal maili fatazaroohaa kalmu'al laqah; wa in tuslihoo wa tattaqoo fa innal laaha kaana Ghafoorar Raheema
You are never able to be fair and just as between women, even if it is your ardent desire: But turn not away [from a woman] altogether, so as to leave her [as it were] hanging [in the air]. If you come to a friendly understanding, and practise self-restraint, Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Commentary of verses 4:129 to 4:130
Conflict between spouses or any two people often arises from greed—when one party selfishly demands fulfilment without considering the other's needs. This breeds distrust. The proper approach is mutual consideration and seeking consensus with patience and understanding.
Just as God desires people to show consideration towards one another, He shows the utmost consideration towards His servants. God does not punish human weakness but holds people accountable for deliberate injustice committed through arrogance. If someone fears God and sincerely seeks reform, their well-intentioned actions will be forgiven in the Hereafter.
One should never imagine oneself the source of another's success, thinking that without one's help, achievement would have been impossible. Remember that God alone is the true Provider. Every success comes ultimately from Him, manifesting through countless different circumstances. Recognising this prevents pride and fosters gratitude and humility.
Wa iny-yatafarraqaa yughnil laahu kullam min sa'atih; wa kaanal laahu Waasi'an Hakeemaa
But if they disagree [and must part], Allah will provide abundance for all from His all-reaching bounty: for Allah is He that cars for all and is Wise.
Commentary of verses 4:129 to 4:130
Conflict between spouses or any two people often arises from greed—when one party selfishly demands fulfilment without considering the other's needs. This breeds distrust. The proper approach is mutual consideration and seeking consensus with patience and understanding.
Just as God desires people to show consideration towards one another, He shows the utmost consideration towards His servants. God does not punish human weakness but holds people accountable for deliberate injustice committed through arrogance. If someone fears God and sincerely seeks reform, their well-intentioned actions will be forgiven in the Hereafter.
One should never imagine oneself the source of another's success, thinking that without one's help, achievement would have been impossible. Remember that God alone is the true Provider. Every success comes ultimately from Him, manifesting through countless different circumstances. Recognising this prevents pride and fosters gratitude and humility.
Wa lillaahi maafis samaawaati wa maa fil ard; wa laqad wassainal lazeena ootul Kitaaba min qablikum wa iyyaakum anit taqul laah; wa intakfuroo fa inna lillaahi maa fis samaawaati wa maa fil ard; wa kaanal laahu Ghaniyyan hameedaa
To Allah belong all things in the heavens and on earth. Indeed we have directed the People of the Book before you, and you [o Muslims] to fear Allah. But if you deny Him, lo! to Allah belong all things in the heavens and on earth, and Allah is free of all wants, worthy of all praise.
Commentary of verse 4:131
People desire freedom without restrictions, yet following God's laws is far better for them. They prefer friends who flatter them, but would benefit more from those who kindly point out their faults. To save face before others, they reject truth—yet true honour lies with God, who honours only those who uphold truth.
Many shy away from sacrifice and struggle, hoping for a religion that promises paradise without effort. But real benefit comes from sincere commitment and striving. The problem is that people are absorbed in the present life and its concerns, whilst they ought to pay more attention to what lies beyond death.
Wa lillaahi maa fis samaawaati wa maa fil ard; wa kafaa billaahi Wakeelaa
Yea, to Allah belong all things in the heavens and on earth, and enough is Allah to carry through all affairs.
Commentary of verse 4:132
In Rajab, 2 A.H., some of the Prophet's companions clashed with a group of Quraysh pagans at Nakhlah, between Makkah and Taif. One Qurayshi was killed. The believers thought it was still the previous month, unaware that the new moon had risen and Rajab—a sacred month—had begun. Arab custom strictly forbade fighting during sacred months, and opponents seized this to accuse the Prophet and his followers of disrespecting tradition.
The Quran responded: yes, fighting in the sacred months is wrong, but this was an honest mistake. Moreover, those hurling accusations were guilty of far worse crimes. They had rejected the truth, blocked others from accepting it, barred believers from the Sacred House, expelled them from their homes, and tortured them for their faith. Persecuting people because of their beliefs is, in God's eyes, a far graver sin than any unintentional violation. It is the height of hypocrisy to exaggerate others' minor errors whilst committing deliberate, serious wrongs.
Iny-yashaa yuzhibkum aiyuhan naasu wa yaati bi aakhareen; wa kaanal laahu 'alaa zaalika Qadeeraa
If it were His will, He could destroy you, o mankind, and create another race; for He has power this to do.
Commentary of verses 4:133 to 4:135
Life often presents a crossroads: one path leads to desire and self-interest, the other to justice. Those unmindful of God, unaware of His watchful gaze, follow their desires, considering it clever to ignore truth for worldly gain.
But those who fear God, regarding Him as their guardian, keep their eyes firmly on truth and justice, acting accordingly. Their yearning for righteousness is so intense they cannot tolerate any deviation from absolute fairness. When confronted with wrongdoing, they boldly proclaim what justice demands—even if it harms their family's interests or contradicts their own worldly advantage.
From the standpoint of justice, granting rights to the powerful whilst denying them to the weak is deeply wrong. A true believer treats everyone justly, whether weak or influential. This unwavering commitment to fairness, regardless of personal cost or social pressure, defines genuine faith and separates sincere worshippers from those who merely profess belief.
man kaana yureedu sawaabad dunyaa fa'indallaahi sawaabud dunyaa wal Aakhirah; wa kaanal laahu Samee'am Baseeraa
If any one desires a reward in this life, in Allah's [gift] is the reward [both] of this life and of the hereafter: for Allah is He that hears and sees [all things].
Commentary of verses 4:133 to 4:135
Life often presents a crossroads: one path leads to desire and self-interest, the other to justice. Those unmindful of God, unaware of His watchful gaze, follow their desires, considering it clever to ignore truth for worldly gain.
But those who fear God, regarding Him as their guardian, keep their eyes firmly on truth and justice, acting accordingly. Their yearning for righteousness is so intense they cannot tolerate any deviation from absolute fairness. When confronted with wrongdoing, they boldly proclaim what justice demands—even if it harms their family's interests or contradicts their own worldly advantage.
From the standpoint of justice, granting rights to the powerful whilst denying them to the weak is deeply wrong. A true believer treats everyone justly, whether weak or influential. This unwavering commitment to fairness, regardless of personal cost or social pressure, defines genuine faith and separates sincere worshippers from those who merely profess belief.
Yaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo koonoo qawwa ameena bilqisti shuhadaaa'a lillaahi wa law 'alaa anfusikum awil waalidaini wal aqrabeen iny yakun ghaniyyan aw faqeeran fallaahu awlaa bihimaa falaaa tattabi'ul hawaaa an ta'diloo; wa in talwooo aw tu'ridoo fa innal laaha kaana bimaa ta'maloona Khabeera
O you who have believed, stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to Allah, even as against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, and whether it be [against] rich or poor: for Allah can best protect both.
Follow not the lusts [of your hearts], lest you swerve, and if you distort [justice] or decline to do justice, indeed Allah is well-acquainted with all that you do.
Commentary of verses 4:133 to 4:135
Life often presents a crossroads: one path leads to desire and self-interest, the other to justice. Those unmindful of God, unaware of His watchful gaze, follow their desires, considering it clever to ignore truth for worldly gain.
But those who fear God, regarding Him as their guardian, keep their eyes firmly on truth and justice, acting accordingly. Their yearning for righteousness is so intense they cannot tolerate any deviation from absolute fairness. When confronted with wrongdoing, they boldly proclaim what justice demands—even if it harms their family's interests or contradicts their own worldly advantage.
From the standpoint of justice, granting rights to the powerful whilst denying them to the weak is deeply wrong. A true believer treats everyone justly, whether weak or influential. This unwavering commitment to fairness, regardless of personal cost or social pressure, defines genuine faith and separates sincere worshippers from those who merely profess belief.
Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanooo aaminoo billaahi wa Rasoolihee wal Kitaabil lazee nazzala 'alaa Rasoolihee wal Kitaabil lazeee anzala min qabl; wa mai yakfur billaahi wa Malaaa'ikatihee wa Kutubihee wa Rusulihee wal Yawmil Aakhiri faqad dalla dalaalam ba'eedaa
O you who have believed, Believe in Allah and His Messenger, and the scripture which He has sent to His Messenger and the scripture which He sent to those before [him]. Any who denis Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers, and the Day of Judgement, has gone far, far astray.
Commentary of verse 4:136
Who is a true believer? One who makes the Hereafter his goal and constantly strives to please his Lord. Such a person does not make worldly possessions the purpose of life. This does not mean renouncing the world entirely—material necessities are unavoidable. Rather, it means engaging with the world only to meet basic needs, not to accumulate wealth. Whatever he earns, he keeps what is necessary and spends the rest for God's cause.
If we tried to define every detail of how to conduct business and interact with others in explicit legal terms, life would become overly complicated. Instead, Islam lays down fundamental principles: wish well for others, consider their interests alongside your own, and treat them as brothers. God will not hold us accountable if we act with sincerity, fairness, and kindness.
Innal lazeena aamanoo summa kafaroo summa aamanoo summa kafaroo summaz daado kufral lam yakunil laahu liyaghfira lahum wa laa liyahdiyahum sabeelaa
Those who believe, then disbelieve, then believe [again] and [again] disbelieve, and go on increasing in unbelief, Allah will not forgive them nor guide them nor guide them on the way.
Commentary of verses 4:137 to 4:139
Throughout life, the struggle between belief and disbelief continues. When facing any matter, the human mind leans either towards desire or towards truth and justice. Following desire amounts to denying one's professed faith, whilst submitting to truth and justice makes one a true Muslim.
Whenever truth is presented, people respond in two ways: some respond with modesty and acknowledge it—a response born of genuine faith—whilst others react with pride and denial, revealing their faithlessness.
Those lacking true belief crave worldly honour and prestige, so they gravitate towards like-minded people who enhance their status, even if these companions deny truth. Such individuals show no interest in God-worshippers whose company brings no worldly advantage. Their words and deeds, however religious in appearance, aim not to please God but to impress others. Opportunism is their true religion, though they labour to appear godly. They wish to seem pious without actually being so.
Bashshiril munaafiqeena bi anna lahum 'azaaban aleemaa
To the Hypocrites give the glad tidings that there is for them [but] a painful punishment;-
Commentary of verses 4:137 to 4:139
Throughout life, the struggle between belief and disbelief continues. When facing any matter, the human mind leans either towards desire or towards truth and justice. Following desire amounts to denying one's professed faith, whilst submitting to truth and justice makes one a true Muslim.
Whenever truth is presented, people respond in two ways: some respond with modesty and acknowledge it—a response born of genuine faith—whilst others react with pride and denial, revealing their faithlessness.
Those lacking true belief crave worldly honour and prestige, so they gravitate towards like-minded people who enhance their status, even if these companions deny truth. Such individuals show no interest in God-worshippers whose company brings no worldly advantage. Their words and deeds, however religious in appearance, aim not to please God but to impress others. Opportunism is their true religion, though they labour to appear godly. They wish to seem pious without actually being so.
Yea, to those who take for friends disbelievers rather than believers: is it honour they seek among them? Rather, all honour is with Allah.
Commentary of verses 4:137 to 4:139
Throughout life, the struggle between belief and disbelief continues. When facing any matter, the human mind leans either towards desire or towards truth and justice. Following desire amounts to denying one's professed faith, whilst submitting to truth and justice makes one a true Muslim.
Whenever truth is presented, people respond in two ways: some respond with modesty and acknowledge it—a response born of genuine faith—whilst others react with pride and denial, revealing their faithlessness.
Those lacking true belief crave worldly honour and prestige, so they gravitate towards like-minded people who enhance their status, even if these companions deny truth. Such individuals show no interest in God-worshippers whose company brings no worldly advantage. Their words and deeds, however religious in appearance, aim not to please God but to impress others. Opportunism is their true religion, though they labour to appear godly. They wish to seem pious without actually being so.
Wa qad nazzala 'alaikum fil Kitaabi an izaa sami'tum Aayaatil laahi yukfaru bihaa wa yustahza u bihaa falaa taq'udoo ma'ahum hattaa yakhoodoo fee hadeesin ghairih; innakum izam misluhum; innal laaha jaami'ul munaafiqeena wal kaafireena fee jahannama jamee'aa
Already has He sent you Word in the Book, that when you hear the signs of Allah held in defiance and ridicule, you are not to sit with them unless they turn to a different theme: if you did, you would be like them. For Allah will collect the hypocrites and those who defy faith - all in Hell:-
Commentary of verses 4:140 to 4:141
In the past, people sometimes made oaths in anger or pride, swearing they would never help a particular person or do certain good deeds. Among the Arabs, this was common. When called upon to do something beneficial, they would refuse, saying they had already sworn not to. While avoiding good acts is already wrong, swearing such oaths in God's name is far worse. God is merciful and good, so invoking His name to justify refusing kindness is deeply sinful. Any wrongdoing is harmful, but doing wrong in God's name multiplies the evil many times over.
Allazeena yatarab basoona bikum fa in kaana lakum fathum minal laahi qaalooo alam nakum ma'akum wa in kaana lilkaafireena naseebun qaalooo alam nastah wiz 'alaikum wa nammna'kum minal mu'mineen; fallaahu yahkumu bainakum Yawmal Qiyaamah; wa lai yaj'alal laahu lilkaafireena 'alal mu'mineena sabeelaa
[These are] the ones who wait and watch about you: if you do gain a victory from Allah, they say: "Were we not with you?"- but if the disbelievers gain a success, they say [to them]: "Did we not gain an advantage over you, and did we not guard you from the believers?" but Allah will judge betwixt you on the Day of Judgement.
And never will Allah grant to the disbelievers a way [to triumphs] over the believers.
Commentary of verses 4:140 to 4:141
In the past, people sometimes made oaths in anger or pride, swearing they would never help a particular person or do certain good deeds. Among the Arabs, this was common. When called upon to do something beneficial, they would refuse, saying they had already sworn not to. While avoiding good acts is already wrong, swearing such oaths in God's name is far worse. God is merciful and good, so invoking His name to justify refusing kindness is deeply sinful. Any wrongdoing is harmful, but doing wrong in God's name multiplies the evil many times over.
Innal munaafiqeena yukhaadi'oonal laaha wa huwa khaadi'uhum wa izaa qaamooo ilas Salaati qaamoo kusaalaa yuraaa'oonan naasa wa laa yazkuroonal laaha illaa qaleelaa
The Hypocrites - they think they are over-reaching Allah, but He will over-reach them: When they stand up to prayer, they stand without earnestness, to be seen of men, but little do they hold Allah in remembrance;
Commentary of verses 4:142 to 4:147
Those who refuse to surrender to God are driven by worldly interests. They associate with anyone—religious or irreligious—who serves their material advantage. Though their words and actions may appear religious, these are performed not to please God but to impress others and demonstrate their supposed belief.
Opportunism is their actual religion, yet they strive to convince people they are sincere worshippers. They wish to be seen as godly whilst remaining devoted to worldly gain rather than divine pleasure.
Muzabzabeena baina zaalika laaa ilaa haaa' ulaaa'i wa laaa ilaa haaa'ulaaa'; wa mai yudlilil laahu falan tajida lahoo sabeela
[They are] distracted in mind even in the midst of it, being [sincerely] for neither one group nor for another whom Allah leaves straying, never will you find for him the way.
Commentary of verses 4:142 to 4:147
Those who refuse to surrender to God are driven by worldly interests. They associate with anyone—religious or irreligious—who serves their material advantage. Though their words and actions may appear religious, these are performed not to please God but to impress others and demonstrate their supposed belief.
Opportunism is their actual religion, yet they strive to convince people they are sincere worshippers. They wish to be seen as godly whilst remaining devoted to worldly gain rather than divine pleasure.
Yaaa aiyuhal lazeena aamanoo laa tattakhizul kaafireena awliyaaa'a min doonil mu'mineen; aturee doona an taj'aloo lillaahi 'alaikum sultaanam mubeenaa
O you who have believed, Take not for friends disbelievers rather than believers: Do you wish to offer Allah an open proof against yourselves?
Commentary of verses 4:142 to 4:147
Those who refuse to surrender to God are driven by worldly interests. They associate with anyone—religious or irreligious—who serves their material advantage. Though their words and actions may appear religious, these are performed not to please God but to impress others and demonstrate their supposed belief.
Opportunism is their actual religion, yet they strive to convince people they are sincere worshippers. They wish to be seen as godly whilst remaining devoted to worldly gain rather than divine pleasure.
Innal munaafiqeena fiddarkil asfali minan Naari wa lan tajjida lahum naseeraa
The Hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire: no helper will you find for them;-
Commentary of verses 4:142 to 4:147
Those who refuse to surrender to God are driven by worldly interests. They associate with anyone—religious or irreligious—who serves their material advantage. Though their words and actions may appear religious, these are performed not to please God but to impress others and demonstrate their supposed belief.
Opportunism is their actual religion, yet they strive to convince people they are sincere worshippers. They wish to be seen as godly whilst remaining devoted to worldly gain rather than divine pleasure.
Illal lazeena taaboo wa aslahoo wa'tasamoo billaahi wa akhlasoo deenahum lillaahi faulaaa'ika ma'al mu'mineena wa sawfa yu'til laahul mu'mineena ajran 'azeemaa
Except for those who repent, mend [their lives] hold fast to Allah, and purify their religion as in Allah's sight: if so they will be [numbered] with the believers. And soon will Allah grant to the believers a reward of immense value.
Commentary of verses 4:142 to 4:147
Those who refuse to surrender to God are driven by worldly interests. They associate with anyone—religious or irreligious—who serves their material advantage. Though their words and actions may appear religious, these are performed not to please God but to impress others and demonstrate their supposed belief.
Opportunism is their actual religion, yet they strive to convince people they are sincere worshippers. They wish to be seen as godly whilst remaining devoted to worldly gain rather than divine pleasure.
maa yafa'lul laahu bi 'azaabikum in shakartum wa aamantum; wa kaanal laahu Shaakiran 'Aleema
What can Allah gain by your punishment, if you are grateful and you believe? Rather, it is Allah that recognises [all good], and knows all things.
Commentary of verses 4:142 to 4:147
Those who refuse to surrender to God are driven by worldly interests. They associate with anyone—religious or irreligious—who serves their material advantage. Though their words and actions may appear religious, these are performed not to please God but to impress others and demonstrate their supposed belief.
Opportunism is their actual religion, yet they strive to convince people they are sincere worshippers. They wish to be seen as godly whilst remaining devoted to worldly gain rather than divine pleasure.
Laa yuhibbullaahul jahra bis sooo'i minal qawli illaa man zulim; wa kaanallaahu Samee'an 'Aleeman
Allah loves not that evil should be noised abroad in public speech, except where injustice has been done; for Allah is He who hears and knows all things.
Commentary of verses 4:148 to 4:149
Hypocrites recognise Islam as true yet refuse to abandon worldly interests. This divided loyalty leaves them distracted, fully committed neither to religion nor to worldly pursuits. They fall between faith and disbelief, caught between this world and the Hereafter.
Such vacillation deprives them of God's support, which comes only through perseverance in His cause. No amount of outward religious performance can save them from divine wrath, for their reward matches their reality, not their appearance.
However, God does not become one's enemy simply because of error. If wrongdoers feel genuine shame, change their ways, turn wholeheartedly to God and commit to His path, He will surely forgive them.
Whilst people often learn of others' faults, God disapproves of public criticism that shames the person concerned. Private counsel for reform is permitted and encouraged, but public defamation is not. If a vice must be addressed publicly to prevent its spread, the wrongdoer should not be named; speak in general terms instead.
God constantly overlooks people's wrongs; His servants should do likewise. Though victims of injustice may speak of their suffering, patience and forgiveness are better, showing one values the Hereafter more than worldly loss.
in tubdoo khairann aw tukhfoohu aw ta'foo 'an sooo'in fa innal laaha kaana 'afuwwan Qadeeraa
Whether you publish a good deed or conceal it or cover evil with pardon, indeed Allah does blot out [sins] and has power [in the judgement of values].
Commentary of verses 4:148 to 4:149
Hypocrites recognise Islam as true yet refuse to abandon worldly interests. This divided loyalty leaves them distracted, fully committed neither to religion nor to worldly pursuits. They fall between faith and disbelief, caught between this world and the Hereafter.
Such vacillation deprives them of God's support, which comes only through perseverance in His cause. No amount of outward religious performance can save them from divine wrath, for their reward matches their reality, not their appearance.
However, God does not become one's enemy simply because of error. If wrongdoers feel genuine shame, change their ways, turn wholeheartedly to God and commit to His path, He will surely forgive them.
Whilst people often learn of others' faults, God disapproves of public criticism that shames the person concerned. Private counsel for reform is permitted and encouraged, but public defamation is not. If a vice must be addressed publicly to prevent its spread, the wrongdoer should not be named; speak in general terms instead.
God constantly overlooks people's wrongs; His servants should do likewise. Though victims of injustice may speak of their suffering, patience and forgiveness are better, showing one values the Hereafter more than worldly loss.
Innal lazeena yakkfuroona billaahi wa Rusulihee wa yureedoona ai yufarriqoo bainal laahi wa Rusulihee wa yaqooloona nu'minu biba'dinw wa nakfuru biba' dinw wa yureedoona ai yattakhizoo baina zaalika sabeelaa
Those who deny Allah and His messengers, and [those who] wish to separate Allah from His messengers, saying: "We believe in some but reject others": And [those who] wish to take a course midway,
Commentary of verses 4:150 to 4:152
The people of Makkah accepted Abraham as a prophet, just as Jews honoured Moses and Christians honoured Jesus. Yet none would accept Muhammad, the prophet of their own time. They were content to follow the prophets of the past—figures already established and revered—but rejected the living messenger standing before them. This inconsistency reveals an attempt to reconcile faith with self-interest: to claim belief without accepting the demands it makes.
Believing in past prophets is easy. It requires no personal transformation, no intellectual struggle. It is inherited, not chosen. But to recognise a contemporary prophet—a man like any other—requires a conscious act of faith. It demands that one rediscover God at the level of awareness, not merely tradition. In the sight of Allah, what matters is faith embraced by choice, not simply received by birth.
Ulaaa'ika humul kaafiroona haqqaa; wa a'tadnaa lilkaafireena 'azaabam muheenaa
They are in truth [equally] disbelievers; and we have prepared for disbelievers a humiliating punishment.
Commentary of verses 4:150 to 4:152
The people of Makkah accepted Abraham as a prophet, just as Jews honoured Moses and Christians honoured Jesus. Yet none would accept Muhammad, the prophet of their own time. They were content to follow the prophets of the past—figures already established and revered—but rejected the living messenger standing before them. This inconsistency reveals an attempt to reconcile faith with self-interest: to claim belief without accepting the demands it makes.
Believing in past prophets is easy. It requires no personal transformation, no intellectual struggle. It is inherited, not chosen. But to recognise a contemporary prophet—a man like any other—requires a conscious act of faith. It demands that one rediscover God at the level of awareness, not merely tradition. In the sight of Allah, what matters is faith embraced by choice, not simply received by birth.
Wallazeena aamanoo billaahi wa Rusulihee wa lam yufarriqoo baina ahadim minhum ulaaa'ika sawfa yu'teehim ujoorahum; wa kaanal laahu Ghafoorar Raheema
To those who believe in Allah and His messengers and make no distinction between any of the messengers, we shall soon give their [due] rewards: for Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Commentary of verses 4:150 to 4:152
The people of Makkah accepted Abraham as a prophet, just as Jews honoured Moses and Christians honoured Jesus. Yet none would accept Muhammad, the prophet of their own time. They were content to follow the prophets of the past—figures already established and revered—but rejected the living messenger standing before them. This inconsistency reveals an attempt to reconcile faith with self-interest: to claim belief without accepting the demands it makes.
Believing in past prophets is easy. It requires no personal transformation, no intellectual struggle. It is inherited, not chosen. But to recognise a contemporary prophet—a man like any other—requires a conscious act of faith. It demands that one rediscover God at the level of awareness, not merely tradition. In the sight of Allah, what matters is faith embraced by choice, not simply received by birth.
yas'aluka Ahlul Kitaabi an tunazzila 'alaihim Kitaabam minas samaaa'i faqad sa aloo Moosaa akbara min zaalika faqaaloo arinal laaha jahratan fa akhazat humus saa'iqatu bizulmihim; summat takhazul 'ijla mim ba'di maa jaa'at humul baiyinaatu fa'afawnaa 'ann zaalik; wa aatainaa Moosaa sultaanam mubeenaa
The people of the Book ask you to cause a book to descend to them from heaven: Indeed they asked Moses for an even greater [miracle], for they said: "Show us Allah in public," but they were dazed for their presumption, with thunder and lightning. Yet they worshipped the calf even after clear signs had come to them; even so we forgave them;
and gave Moses manifest proofs of authority.
Commentary of verses 4:153 to 4:154
A prophet appears as an ordinary man among people. This ordinariness becomes a stumbling block: how can someone so unremarkable be God's representative? So people demand visible proof—miracles, heavenly signs—before they will believe. But such demands betray insincerity. Faith is a test of the unseen. If God were to alter nature and display miracles openly, belief would be forced, not chosen, and would last only as long as the spectacle.
The Israelites illustrate this well. God raised Mount Tur above them to solemnise their covenant. They were commanded to enter their places of worship humbly, pray with humility, and live within the limits God set. Yet they broke every part of that covenant. Even after such signs, human freedom led them back into rebellion. God forgave them and gave Moses clear authority—not through wonders, but through his words. Every prophet carries undeniable proofs in what he says, but the unjust will always find excuses to reject them.
Wa rafa'naa fawqahumut Toora bimeesaaqihim wa qulnaa lahumud khulul baaba sujjadanw wa qulnaa lahum laa ta'doo fis Sabti wa akhaznaa minhum meesaaqan ghaleezaa
And for their covenant we raised over them [the towering height] of Mount [Sinai]; and [on another occasion] we said: "Enter the gate with humility"; and [once again] we commanded them: "Transgress not in the matter of the sabbath." And we took from them a solemn covenant.
Commentary of verses 4:153 to 4:154
A prophet appears as an ordinary man among people. This ordinariness becomes a stumbling block: how can someone so unremarkable be God's representative? So people demand visible proof—miracles, heavenly signs—before they will believe. But such demands betray insincerity. Faith is a test of the unseen. If God were to alter nature and display miracles openly, belief would be forced, not chosen, and would last only as long as the spectacle.
The Israelites illustrate this well. God raised Mount Tur above them to solemnise their covenant. They were commanded to enter their places of worship humbly, pray with humility, and live within the limits God set. Yet they broke every part of that covenant. Even after such signs, human freedom led them back into rebellion. God forgave them and gave Moses clear authority—not through wonders, but through his words. Every prophet carries undeniable proofs in what he says, but the unjust will always find excuses to reject them.
Fabimaa naqdihim meesaaqahum wa kufrihim bi Aayaatil laahi wa qatlihimul Ambiyaaa'a bighairi haqqinw wa qawlihim quloobunna ghulf; bal taba'al laahu 'alaihaa bikufrihim falaa yu'minoona illaa qaleelaa
(They have incurred divine displeasure): In that they broke their covenant; that they rejected the signs of Allah; that they slew the Messengers in defiance of right; that they said, "Our hearts are the wrappings (which preserve Allah's Word;
We need no more)";- Rather, Allah has set the seal on their hearts for their blasphemy, and little is it they believe;-
Commentary of verses 4:155 to 4:156
The Jews were given Scriptures that called them to submit to God's will in this life, with the promise of Paradise in return. Over time, they forgot the first part and treated the second as an entitlement. Corruption spread among them, yet they remained convinced that salvation was theirs by birthright. This arrogance made them dismiss the new Prophet entirely. They would say mockingly, "Our hearts are sealed," as if to claim they were incapable of recognising him—and as if their conduct toward him posed no threat to their guaranteed salvation.
Wa bikufrihim wa qawlihim 'alaa Maryama buh taanan 'azeema
That they disbelieved; that they uttered against Mary a grave false charge;
Commentary of verses 4:155 to 4:156
The Jews were given Scriptures that called them to submit to God's will in this life, with the promise of Paradise in return. Over time, they forgot the first part and treated the second as an entitlement. Corruption spread among them, yet they remained convinced that salvation was theirs by birthright. This arrogance made them dismiss the new Prophet entirely. They would say mockingly, "Our hearts are sealed," as if to claim they were incapable of recognising him—and as if their conduct toward him posed no threat to their guaranteed salvation.
Wa qawlihim innaa qatal nal maseeha 'Eesab-na-Maryama Rasoolal laahi wa maa qataloohu wa maa salaboohu wa laakin shubbiha lahum; wa innal lazeenakh talafoo fee lafee shakkim minh; maa lahum bihee min 'ilmin illat tibaa'az zann; wa maa qataloohu yaqeenaa
That they said [in boast], "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah";- but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no [certain] knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for unquestionably they killed him not:-
Commentary of verses 4:157 to 4:158
Those gripped by false certainty feel no shame in committing grave wrongs. They break their covenant with God, ignore His clear signs, and refuse to change. When someone calls them to truth and exposes their corruption, they respond with aggression—even resorting to slander and violence. The Jews went so far as to boast of killing the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary.
Yet no plot against God's messenger can succeed. Divine power and the natural order itself support His envoys until their mission is complete. Those who oppose the truth find their hearts sealed by God, unable to accept guidance, until the Day they are brought before Him by the angels as criminals.
Bar rafa'ahul laahu ilayh; wa kaanal laahu 'Azeezan Hakeemaa
Rather, Allah raised him up to Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise;-
Commentary of verses 4:157 to 4:158
Those gripped by false certainty feel no shame in committing grave wrongs. They break their covenant with God, ignore His clear signs, and refuse to change. When someone calls them to truth and exposes their corruption, they respond with aggression—even resorting to slander and violence. The Jews went so far as to boast of killing the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary.
Yet no plot against God's messenger can succeed. Divine power and the natural order itself support His envoys until their mission is complete. Those who oppose the truth find their hearts sealed by God, unable to accept guidance, until the Day they are brought before Him by the angels as criminals.
Wa im min Ahlil Kitaabi illaa layu'minanna bihee qabla mawtihee wa Yawmal Qiyaamati yakoonu 'alaihim shaheedaa
And there is none of the People of the Book but must believe in him before his death; and on the Day of Judgement he will be a witness against them;-
Commentary of verses 4:159 to 4:162
When a group fashions its own religion in place of God's, it invents outward signs to display piety. It creates rules about what is lawful and unlawful based on preference, not revelation, and prides itself on meticulous observance of form while neglecting the spirit. Such people feel no shame in gaining wealth through forbidden means or obstructing those who call to God. Their superficial religiosity will not save them—they will be grouped with the irreligious on the Day of Reckoning.
Among the Jews, however, were sincere individuals like Abdullah ibn Salam, who recognised the Prophet Muhammad and supported him wholeheartedly. Those free from prejudice, blind imitation, and opportunism can see the truth clearly, despite all obstacles. These are the ones who will enter the Paradise Allah has prepared for them.
For the iniquity of the Jews We made unlawful for them certain [foods] good and wholesome which had been lawful for them;- in that they hindered many from Allah's Way;-
Commentary of verses 4:159 to 4:162
When a group fashions its own religion in place of God's, it invents outward signs to display piety. It creates rules about what is lawful and unlawful based on preference, not revelation, and prides itself on meticulous observance of form while neglecting the spirit. Such people feel no shame in gaining wealth through forbidden means or obstructing those who call to God. Their superficial religiosity will not save them—they will be grouped with the irreligious on the Day of Reckoning.
Among the Jews, however, were sincere individuals like Abdullah ibn Salam, who recognised the Prophet Muhammad and supported him wholeheartedly. Those free from prejudice, blind imitation, and opportunism can see the truth clearly, despite all obstacles. These are the ones who will enter the Paradise Allah has prepared for them.
Wa akhzihimur ribaa wa qad nuhoo 'anhu wa aklihim amwaalan naasi bilbaatil; wa a'tadnaa lilkaafireena minhum 'azaaban aleema
That they took usury, though they were forbidden; and that they devoured men's substance wrongfully;- we have prepared for those among them who disbelieve a grievous punishment.
Commentary of verses 4:159 to 4:162
When a group fashions its own religion in place of God's, it invents outward signs to display piety. It creates rules about what is lawful and unlawful based on preference, not revelation, and prides itself on meticulous observance of form while neglecting the spirit. Such people feel no shame in gaining wealth through forbidden means or obstructing those who call to God. Their superficial religiosity will not save them—they will be grouped with the irreligious on the Day of Reckoning.
Among the Jews, however, were sincere individuals like Abdullah ibn Salam, who recognised the Prophet Muhammad and supported him wholeheartedly. Those free from prejudice, blind imitation, and opportunism can see the truth clearly, despite all obstacles. These are the ones who will enter the Paradise Allah has prepared for them.
But those among them who are well-grounded in knowledge, and the believers, believe in what has been revealed to you and what was revealed before you: And [especially] those who establish regular prayer and practise regular charity and believe in Allah and in the Last Day: To them shall We soon give a great reward.
Commentary of verses 4:159 to 4:162
When a group fashions its own religion in place of God's, it invents outward signs to display piety. It creates rules about what is lawful and unlawful based on preference, not revelation, and prides itself on meticulous observance of form while neglecting the spirit. Such people feel no shame in gaining wealth through forbidden means or obstructing those who call to God. Their superficial religiosity will not save them—they will be grouped with the irreligious on the Day of Reckoning.
Among the Jews, however, were sincere individuals like Abdullah ibn Salam, who recognised the Prophet Muhammad and supported him wholeheartedly. Those free from prejudice, blind imitation, and opportunism can see the truth clearly, despite all obstacles. These are the ones who will enter the Paradise Allah has prepared for them.
innaaa awhainaaa ilaika kamaaa awhainaaa ilaa Noohinw wan nabiyyeena mim ba'dih; wa awhainaaa ilaaa ibraaheema wa Ismaaa'eela wa Ishaaqa wa Ya'qooba wal Asbaati wa 'Eesaa wa Ayyooba wa Yoonusa wa haaroona wa Sulaimaan; wa aatainaa Daawooda Zabooraa
We have sent you inspiration, as We sent it to Noah and the Messengers after him: we sent inspiration to Abraham, Isma'il, Isaac, Jacob and the Tribes, to Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and solomon, and to David We gave the Psalms.
Commentary of verses 4:163 to 4:165
Allah created humanity and placed them on earth, granting them freedom not as a permanent condition, but as a test. This life is a trial to distinguish the righteous from the rebellious—those who surrender to Allah's will from those who misuse their liberty. Both groups live together in this world, sharing its blessings equally.
Yet after the appointed term, they will be separated forever: one to Paradise, the other to Hell. Because the stakes are eternal, Allah has sent messengers and revealed scriptures throughout history so that no one can claim ignorance. Every prophet carried the same essential message, for the test is universal and the scale of judgement one. Each soul now stands at a turning point: one path leads to Paradise, the other to Hell.
Wa Rusulan qad qasas naahum 'alaika min qablu wa Rusulal lam naqsushum 'alaik; wa kallamallaahu Moosaa takleemaa
Of some messengers We have already told you the story; of others We have not;- and to Moses Allah spoke direct;-
Commentary of verses 4:163 to 4:165
Allah created humanity and placed them on earth, granting them freedom not as a permanent condition, but as a test. This life is a trial to distinguish the righteous from the rebellious—those who surrender to Allah's will from those who misuse their liberty. Both groups live together in this world, sharing its blessings equally.
Yet after the appointed term, they will be separated forever: one to Paradise, the other to Hell. Because the stakes are eternal, Allah has sent messengers and revealed scriptures throughout history so that no one can claim ignorance. Every prophet carried the same essential message, for the test is universal and the scale of judgement one. Each soul now stands at a turning point: one path leads to Paradise, the other to Hell.
Rusulam mubashshireena wa munzireena li'allaa yakoona linnaasi 'alal laahi hujjatum ba'dar Rusul; wa kaanallaahu 'Azeezan Hakeema
Messengers who gave good news as well as warning, that mankind, after [the coming] of the messengers, should have no plea against Allah: For Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.
Commentary of verses 4:163 to 4:165
Allah created humanity and placed them on earth, granting them freedom not as a permanent condition, but as a test. This life is a trial to distinguish the righteous from the rebellious—those who surrender to Allah's will from those who misuse their liberty. Both groups live together in this world, sharing its blessings equally.
Yet after the appointed term, they will be separated forever: one to Paradise, the other to Hell. Because the stakes are eternal, Allah has sent messengers and revealed scriptures throughout history so that no one can claim ignorance. Every prophet carried the same essential message, for the test is universal and the scale of judgement one. Each soul now stands at a turning point: one path leads to Paradise, the other to Hell.
But Allah bears witness that what He has sent to you He has sent from His [own] knowledge, and the angels bear witness: But enough is Allah for a witness.
Commentary of verses 4:166 to 4:167
Different prophets received different forms of divine support depending on their time and circumstances. When Prophet Muhammad was chosen, the Jews viewed themselves as the sole custodians of religious truth. They rejected his prophethood, believing that without their endorsement, no one could claim divine authority.
But they forgot a crucial reality: this is Allah's creation, governed by His angels and sustained by His command. True validation comes from Allah alone, not from human assumptions. It is Allah and His entire creation that bear witness to His messenger, not the opinions of those who claim exclusive religious standing.
Innal lazeena kafaroo wa saddoo 'an sabeelil laahi qad dalloo dalaalam ba'eedaa
Those who disbelieve and keep off [men] from the path of Allah, have indeed strayed far, far away from the Path.
Commentary of verses 4:166 to 4:167
Different prophets received different forms of divine support depending on their time and circumstances. When Prophet Muhammad was chosen, the Jews viewed themselves as the sole custodians of religious truth. They rejected his prophethood, believing that without their endorsement, no one could claim divine authority.
But they forgot a crucial reality: this is Allah's creation, governed by His angels and sustained by His command. True validation comes from Allah alone, not from human assumptions. It is Allah and His entire creation that bear witness to His messenger, not the opinions of those who claim exclusive religious standing.
Innal lazeenakafaroo wa zalamoo lam yakkunillaahu liyaghfira lahum wa laa liyahdiyahum tareeqaa
Those who disbelieve and do wrong, Allah will not forgive them nor guide them to any way-
Commentary of verses 4:168 to 4:170
Those who reject Allah's call reveal how far they have strayed from true submission. They oppose a reality affirmed by the entire universe and place themselves against the Lord of all creation—an act of profound foolishness. Their denial distances them further from truth, leading eventually to eternal loss.
Rejecting Allah's message is, in essence, rejecting one's own deeper self. The call is clear and easy to understand. Yet denying it is an act of defiance before Allah Himself, and arrogance is the gravest of sins. If people opened their hearts, they would see that the divine call answers their own inner longing. They would recognise it as pure truth, stripped of human distortion—a gift of divine wisdom, not personal ambition.
Except the path of Hell, to dwell therein for ever. And this to Allah is easy.
Commentary of verses 4:168 to 4:170
Those who reject Allah's call reveal how far they have strayed from true submission. They oppose a reality affirmed by the entire universe and place themselves against the Lord of all creation—an act of profound foolishness. Their denial distances them further from truth, leading eventually to eternal loss.
Rejecting Allah's message is, in essence, rejecting one's own deeper self. The call is clear and easy to understand. Yet denying it is an act of defiance before Allah Himself, and arrogance is the gravest of sins. If people opened their hearts, they would see that the divine call answers their own inner longing. They would recognise it as pure truth, stripped of human distortion—a gift of divine wisdom, not personal ambition.
Yaaa aiyuhan naasu qad jaaa'akumur Rasoolu bilhaqqi mir Rabbikum fa ammminoo khairal lakum; wa in takfuroo fainnna lillaahi maa fis samaawaati wal ard; wa kaanal laahu 'Aleemann hakeemaa
O mankind! The Messenger has come to you in truth from Allah: believe in him: It is best for you. But if you disbelieve, to Allah belong all things in the heavens and on earth: And Allah is Knowing, Wise.
Commentary of verses 4:168 to 4:170
Those who reject Allah's call reveal how far they have strayed from true submission. They oppose a reality affirmed by the entire universe and place themselves against the Lord of all creation—an act of profound foolishness. Their denial distances them further from truth, leading eventually to eternal loss.
Rejecting Allah's message is, in essence, rejecting one's own deeper self. The call is clear and easy to understand. Yet denying it is an act of defiance before Allah Himself, and arrogance is the gravest of sins. If people opened their hearts, they would see that the divine call answers their own inner longing. They would recognise it as pure truth, stripped of human distortion—a gift of divine wisdom, not personal ambition.
Yaaa Ahlal Kitaabi laa taghloo fee deenikum wa laa taqooloo 'alal laahi illalhaqq; innamal Maseehu 'Eesab-nu-Maryamma Rasoolul laahi wa Kalimatuhooo alqaahaaa ilaa Maryamma wa roohum minhum fa aaminoo billaahi wa Rusulihee wa laa taqooloo salaasah; intahoo khairallakum; innamal laahu Ilaahunw Waahid, Subhaanahooo ani yakoona lahoo walad; lahoo maa fissamaawaati wa maa fil ard; wa kafaa billaahi Wakeelaa
O People of the Book! Commit no excesses in your religion: Nor say of Allah aught but the truth. Christ Jesus the son of Mary was [no more than] a messenger of Allah, and His Word, which He bestowed on Mary, and a spirit proceeding from Him: so believe in Allah and His messengers.
Say not "Trinity": desist: it will be better for you: for Allah is one Allah: Glory be to Him: [far exalted is He] above having a son. To Him belong all things in the heavens and on earth. And enough is Allah as a Disposer of affairs.
Commentary of verse 4:171
These verses establish the law regarding deliberate and accidental wrongdoing, while also offering guidance on addressing serious public offences. Just as we must not take another's life, we are also commanded not to disgrace, rob, or harm others in ways that disturb their peace or livelihood.
If harm is caused unintentionally, responsibility must be acknowledged. The proper response includes sincere repentance before Allah and compensation to those wronged. But when harm is inflicted deliberately—through malice or harassment—it is morally equivalent to intentional killing, differing only in degree of severity.
Lanny yastankifal Maseehu ai yakoona 'abdal lillaahi wa lal malaaa'ikatul muqarraboon; wa mai yastankif 'an ibaadatihee wa yastakbir fasa yahshuruhum ilaihi jamee'aa
Christ disdains nor to serve and worship Allah, nor do the angels, those nearest [to Allah]: those who disdain His worship and are arrogant,He will gather them all together to Himself to [answer].
Commentary of verses 4:172 to 4:173
All power belongs to Allah alone; humanity is utterly dependent upon Him. True awareness means recognising Allah's absolute greatness and our own helplessness. Prophets and angels have reached the highest level of this realisation, surpassing all others in their understanding of divine majesty.
The real test for every person is whether they can acknowledge this truth. Those who grasp their own powerlessness have understood their relationship with Allah. The aware see clearly and will reach their destination; the unaware are blind and will wander until they fall into ruin.
Fa ammal lazeena aamanoo wa 'amilus saalihaati fa yuwaffeehim ujoorahum wa yazeeduhum min fadlihee wa ammal lazeenas tankafoo wastakbaroo fa yu'azzibuhum 'azaaban aleemanw wa laa yajidoona lahum min doonil laahi waliyyanw wa laa naseeraa
But to those who believe and do deeds of righteousness, He will give their [due] rewards, and more, out of His bounty: But those who are disdainful and arrogant, He will punish with a painful punishment; Nor will they find, besides Allah, any to protect or help them.
Commentary of verses 4:172 to 4:173
All power belongs to Allah alone; humanity is utterly dependent upon Him. True awareness means recognising Allah's absolute greatness and our own helplessness. Prophets and angels have reached the highest level of this realisation, surpassing all others in their understanding of divine majesty.
The real test for every person is whether they can acknowledge this truth. Those who grasp their own powerlessness have understood their relationship with Allah. The aware see clearly and will reach their destination; the unaware are blind and will wander until they fall into ruin.
yaa aiyuhan naasu qad jaaa'akum burhaanum mir Rabbikum wa anzalnaaa ilaikum Nooram Mubeena
O mankind! indeed there has come to you a convincing proof from your Lord: For We have sent to you a light [that is] manifest.
Commentary of verses 4:174 to 4:176
Some people never fully surrender themselves to religion. They treat faith lightly, believing that intercession, rituals, or ceremonies alone will secure their salvation in the Hereafter. Because they lack sincerity, they fail to grasp that the Day of Judgement will reveal God's true power and majesty. Thinking that superficial acts might please God shows a grave misunderstanding of His divinity and only increases their sin. Truth comes through clear reasoning, yet the insincere dismiss it outright. This is one of Satan's deceptions. Real guidance reaches only those who earnestly resist such temptations, recognise divine arguments, and accept them wholeheartedly.
Fa ammal lazeena aamanoo billaahi wa'tasamoo bihee fasa yudkhiluhum fee rah matim minhu wa fadlinw wa yahdeehim ilaihi Siraatam Mustaqeema
Then those who believe in Allah, and hold fast to Him, soon will He admit them to mercy and grace from Himself, and guide them to Himself by a straight way.
Commentary of verses 4:174 to 4:176
Some people never fully surrender themselves to religion. They treat faith lightly, believing that intercession, rituals, or ceremonies alone will secure their salvation in the Hereafter. Because they lack sincerity, they fail to grasp that the Day of Judgement will reveal God's true power and majesty. Thinking that superficial acts might please God shows a grave misunderstanding of His divinity and only increases their sin. Truth comes through clear reasoning, yet the insincere dismiss it outright. This is one of Satan's deceptions. Real guidance reaches only those who earnestly resist such temptations, recognise divine arguments, and accept them wholeheartedly.
Yastaftoonaka qulillaahu yafteekum fil kalaalah; inimru'un halaka laisa lahoo waladunw wa lahoo ukhtun falahaa nisfu maa tarak; wa huwa yarisuhaaa il lam yakkul lahaa walad; fa in kaanatas nataini falahumas sulusaani mimmmaa tarak; wa in kaanooo ikhwatar rijaalanw wa nisaaa'an faliz zakari mislu hazzil unsayayn; yubaiyinullaahu lakum an tadilloo; wallaahu bikulli shai'in Aleem
They ask you for a legal decision. Say: Allah directs [thus] about those who leave no descendants or ascendants as heirs.
If it is a man that dies, leaving a sister but no child, she shall have half the inheritance: If [such a deceased was] a woman, who left no child, Her brother takes her inheritance: If there are two sisters, they shall have two-thirds of the inheritance [between them]: if there are brothers and sisters, [they share], the male having twice the share of the female.
Thus does Allah make clear to you [His law], lest you err. And Allah has knowledge of all things.
Commentary of verses 4:174 to 4:176
Some people never fully surrender themselves to religion. They treat faith lightly, believing that intercession, rituals, or ceremonies alone will secure their salvation in the Hereafter. Because they lack sincerity, they fail to grasp that the Day of Judgement will reveal God's true power and majesty. Thinking that superficial acts might please God shows a grave misunderstanding of His divinity and only increases their sin. Truth comes through clear reasoning, yet the insincere dismiss it outright. This is one of Satan's deceptions. Real guidance reaches only those who earnestly resist such temptations, recognise divine arguments, and accept them wholeheartedly.