Alif, Lam, Ra. These are the verses of the clear Book.
Commentary of verses 12:1 to 12:3
The Quran was revealed in Arabic because its first audience was Arab, but its guidance is meant for all humanity. It is now the responsibility of believers to translate and share its teachings with people of every language and nation.
The Quran uses various methods to convey its message: sometimes through reflection on nature, sometimes through warning and promise, and sometimes through historical narratives. Surah Yusuf teaches through the story of the Prophet Joseph, showing that God is all-powerful and grants success to those who promote truth with sincerity. Even in the face of opposition and intrigue, those who remain God-fearing and patient will ultimately triumph.
Innaaa anzalnaahu quraanan 'Arabiyyal la 'allakum ta'qiloon
We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an, in order that you may learn wisdom.
Commentary of verses 12:1 to 12:3
The Quran was revealed in Arabic because its first audience was Arab, but its guidance is meant for all humanity. It is now the responsibility of believers to translate and share its teachings with people of every language and nation.
The Quran uses various methods to convey its message: sometimes through reflection on nature, sometimes through warning and promise, and sometimes through historical narratives. Surah Yusuf teaches through the story of the Prophet Joseph, showing that God is all-powerful and grants success to those who promote truth with sincerity. Even in the face of opposition and intrigue, those who remain God-fearing and patient will ultimately triumph.
Nahnu naqussu 'alaika ahsanal qasasi bimaaa awhainaaa ilaika haazal quraana wa in kunta min qablihee laminal ghaafileen
We do relate to you the most beautiful of stories, in that We reveal to you this [portion of the] Qur'an: before this, you too was among those who knew it not.
Commentary of verses 12:1 to 12:3
The Quran was revealed in Arabic because its first audience was Arab, but its guidance is meant for all humanity. It is now the responsibility of believers to translate and share its teachings with people of every language and nation.
The Quran uses various methods to convey its message: sometimes through reflection on nature, sometimes through warning and promise, and sometimes through historical narratives. Surah Yusuf teaches through the story of the Prophet Joseph, showing that God is all-powerful and grants success to those who promote truth with sincerity. Even in the face of opposition and intrigue, those who remain God-fearing and patient will ultimately triumph.
Iz qaala Yoosufu li abeehi yaaa abati innee ra aytu ahada 'ashara kawkabanw wash shamsa walqamara ra aytuhum lee saajideen
And [mention]! Joseph said to his father: "O my father! I did see eleven stars and the sun and the moon: I saw them prostrate themselves to me!"
Commentary of verse 12:4
A believer sees everything in relation to God, while those who reject truth view things only from a human perspective. When Joseph attained high office, he credited it to God's grace. Though gifted in interpreting dreams, he acknowledged that God taught him. Even when wronged by his own family, he understood these trials as part of God's subtle plan for his growth.
His deep awareness of God's majesty left no room for arrogance. At the height of worldly success, Joseph prayed: 'O God, You are all-powerful and fulfil all my needs. Help me in this life and the next, and count me among those who submit to Your will and are worthy of Your eternal reward.'
Said [the father]: "My [dear] little son! relate not your vision to your brothers, lest they concoct a plot against you: for Satan is to man an avowed enemy!
Commentary of verses 12:4 to 12:5
The Prophet Muhammad taught that dreams fall into three types: wish fulfilment, Satanic fear, or divine revelation. While ordinary people may experience any of these, a prophet's dreams are always from God, sometimes literal and sometimes symbolic.
Joseph's dream, in which the sun, moon, and eleven stars bowed to him, symbolised his parents and brothers. It foretold his prophethood and future authority in Egypt, where his family would one day recognise his eminence. His father Jacob, sensing the danger of envy from Joseph's stepbrothers, wisely advised him to keep the dream private. Jealousy reveals a refusal to accept God's will and shows one is following Satan rather than divine guidance.
Wa kazaalika yajtabeeka rabbuka wa yu'allimuka min taaweelil ahaadeesi wa yutimmu ni'matahoo 'alaika wa 'alaaa Aali Ya'qooba kamaaa atammahaa 'alaaa abawaika min qablu Ibraaheema wa Ishaaq; inna Rabbaka 'Aleemun hakeem
"Thus will your Lord choose you and teach you the interpretation of stories [and events] and perfect His favour to you and to the posterity of Jacob - even as He perfected it to your fathers Abraham and Isaac aforetime! for Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom."
Commentary of verse 12:6
The Quran expresses a believer's innermost feelings with perfect clarity. The opening chapter exemplifies this, voicing the natural response of someone who has discovered the truth. When we observe the world, God's power and mercy are evident everywhere. Extraordinary order and care adapt everything to human needs. This cannot be purposeless. It points to a Day of Judgement when the grateful and ungrateful receive their due.
One spontaneously calls out: 'Lord, You are Master of the Day of Judgement. I have submitted to You and humbly seek Your help. Show us the true path, the way of Your chosen servants. Help us avoid the path of those who have gone astray or earned Your anger through stubbornness.' God requires His servants to live with these feelings. The opening chapter of the Quran is a miniature portrait of Islamic belief; the rest of the Quran expands this picture.
Laqad kaana fee Yoosufa wa ikhwatiheee Aayaatul lissaaa'ileen
Indeed in Joseph and his brethren are signs [or symbols] for seekers [after Truth].
Commentary of verses 12:7 to 12:10
During the final difficult days in Makkah, after the deaths of Abu Talib and Khadijah, the Quraysh questioned the Prophet about Joseph, intending to mock him. God turned this question into a lesson: they were behaving like Joseph's brothers, while the Prophet's future would mirror Joseph's rise in Egypt.
Jacob favoured Joseph because he saw in him the qualities of a prophet. His other sons, viewing things materially, believed their collective strength mattered more. In a tribal age, large families meant protection and support. Blinded by jealousy, they plotted to remove Joseph. One brother suggested throwing him into a well instead of killing him—a divine subtlety that opened new possibilities for Joseph's eventual deliverance.
Iz qaaloo la Yoosufu wa akhoohu ahabbu ilaaa Abeenaa minnaa wa nahnu 'usbah; inna abaanaa lafee dalaalim mubeen
They said: "Truly Joseph and his brother are loved more by our father than we: But we are a goodly body! really our father is obviously wandering [in his mind]!
Commentary of verses 12:7 to 12:10
During the final difficult days in Makkah, after the deaths of Abu Talib and Khadijah, the Quraysh questioned the Prophet about Joseph, intending to mock him. God turned this question into a lesson: they were behaving like Joseph's brothers, while the Prophet's future would mirror Joseph's rise in Egypt.
Jacob favoured Joseph because he saw in him the qualities of a prophet. His other sons, viewing things materially, believed their collective strength mattered more. In a tribal age, large families meant protection and support. Blinded by jealousy, they plotted to remove Joseph. One brother suggested throwing him into a well instead of killing him—a divine subtlety that opened new possibilities for Joseph's eventual deliverance.
"Slay you Joseph or cast him out to some [unknown] land, that so the favour of your father may be given to you alone: [there will be time enough] for you to be righteous after that!"
Commentary of verses 12:7 to 12:10
During the final difficult days in Makkah, after the deaths of Abu Talib and Khadijah, the Quraysh questioned the Prophet about Joseph, intending to mock him. God turned this question into a lesson: they were behaving like Joseph's brothers, while the Prophet's future would mirror Joseph's rise in Egypt.
Jacob favoured Joseph because he saw in him the qualities of a prophet. His other sons, viewing things materially, believed their collective strength mattered more. In a tribal age, large families meant protection and support. Blinded by jealousy, they plotted to remove Joseph. One brother suggested throwing him into a well instead of killing him—a divine subtlety that opened new possibilities for Joseph's eventual deliverance.
Qaalaa qaaa'ilum minhum laa taqtuloo Yoosufa wa alqoohu fee ghayaabatil jubbi yaltaqithu badus sai yaarati in kuntum faa 'ileen
Said one of them: "Slay not Joseph, but if you must do something, throw him down to the bottom of the well: he will be picked up by some caravan of travellers."
Commentary of verses 12:7 to 12:10
During the final difficult days in Makkah, after the deaths of Abu Talib and Khadijah, the Quraysh questioned the Prophet about Joseph, intending to mock him. God turned this question into a lesson: they were behaving like Joseph's brothers, while the Prophet's future would mirror Joseph's rise in Egypt.
Jacob favoured Joseph because he saw in him the qualities of a prophet. His other sons, viewing things materially, believed their collective strength mattered more. In a tribal age, large families meant protection and support. Blinded by jealousy, they plotted to remove Joseph. One brother suggested throwing him into a well instead of killing him—a divine subtlety that opened new possibilities for Joseph's eventual deliverance.
Qaaloo yaaa abaanaa maa laka laa taamannaa 'alaa Yoosufa wa innaa lahoo lanaa sihoon
They said: "O our father! why do you not trust us with Joseph, seeing we are indeed his sincere well-wishers?
Commentary of verses 12:11 to 12:14
Jacob's response to his sons suggests he already sensed their plot against Joseph. Yet as a man who feared God, he trusted in divine power above all else. Despite recognising the danger, he placed Joseph in his brothers' care, relying fully on God's protection. This is the mark of true God-consciousness.
In contrast, Joseph's brothers showed hearts devoid of divine awareness. They unjustly schemed against a servant of God, forgetting that all power belongs to Him alone. Their smooth words could not disguise their intentions. Before God, sincerity is judged by deeds, not by eloquent speech.
Arilhu ma'anaa ghadany yarta'wa yal'ab wa innaa lahoo lahaafizoon
"Send him with us tomorrow to enjoy himself and play, and we shall take every care of him."
Commentary of verses 12:11 to 12:14
Jacob's response to his sons suggests he already sensed their plot against Joseph. Yet as a man who feared God, he trusted in divine power above all else. Despite recognising the danger, he placed Joseph in his brothers' care, relying fully on God's protection. This is the mark of true God-consciousness.
In contrast, Joseph's brothers showed hearts devoid of divine awareness. They unjustly schemed against a servant of God, forgetting that all power belongs to Him alone. Their smooth words could not disguise their intentions. Before God, sincerity is judged by deeds, not by eloquent speech.
Qaala innee la yahzununeee an tazhaboo bihee wa akhaafu anyyaakulahuz zi'bu wa antum 'anhu ghaafiloon
[Jacob] said: "Really it saddens me that you should take him away: I fear lest the wolf should devour him while you attend not to him."
Commentary of verses 12:11 to 12:14
Jacob's response to his sons suggests he already sensed their plot against Joseph. Yet as a man who feared God, he trusted in divine power above all else. Despite recognising the danger, he placed Joseph in his brothers' care, relying fully on God's protection. This is the mark of true God-consciousness.
In contrast, Joseph's brothers showed hearts devoid of divine awareness. They unjustly schemed against a servant of God, forgetting that all power belongs to Him alone. Their smooth words could not disguise their intentions. Before God, sincerity is judged by deeds, not by eloquent speech.
Qaaloo la in akalahuzzi'bu wa nahnu 'usbatun innaaa izal lakhaasiroon
They said: "If the wolf were to devour him while we are [so large] a party, then should we indeed [first] have perished ourselves!"
Commentary of verses 12:11 to 12:14
Jacob's response to his sons suggests he already sensed their plot against Joseph. Yet as a man who feared God, he trusted in divine power above all else. Despite recognising the danger, he placed Joseph in his brothers' care, relying fully on God's protection. This is the mark of true God-consciousness.
In contrast, Joseph's brothers showed hearts devoid of divine awareness. They unjustly schemed against a servant of God, forgetting that all power belongs to Him alone. Their smooth words could not disguise their intentions. Before God, sincerity is judged by deeds, not by eloquent speech.
Falammaa zahaboo bihee wa ajma'ooo anyyaj'aloohu fee ghayaabatil jubb; wa awyainaaa ilaihi latunabbi 'annahum bi amrihim haaza wa hum laa yash'uroon
So they did take him away, and they all agreed to throw him down to the bottom of the well: and We put into his heart [this Message]: 'Unquestionably you shall [one day] tell them the truth of this their affair while they know [you] not'
Commentary of verse 12:15
The stories of earlier prophets and their communities hold universal moral lessons. A wise person reflects on past events and learns from the fate of others, adjusting their own conduct accordingly.
The Quran is not a human invention but divine revelation, consistent with earlier scriptures and containing all the guidance humanity needs. Those who follow its teachings will be blessed by God in this life and the next.
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وَجَآءُوٓ أَبَاهُمْ عِشَآءًۭ يَبْكُونَ
Wa jaaa'ooo abaahum 'ishaaa 'any yabkoon
Then they came to their father in the early part of the night, weeping.
Commentary of verses 12:15 to 12:18
The full story of Joseph contains more detail than the Quran provides, but the Quran's purpose is moral instruction, not storytelling. It highlights only what is relevant for spiritual lessons, leaving historians to fill in the rest.
Tradition holds that Joseph spent three days in the well, during which he was shown visions of his future—emerging from the well and rising to such honour that his brothers would not recognise him. Though deeply wronged, Joseph entrusted himself to God and waited patiently. His father Jacob displayed noble patience too. Some reports say he pointed out that had a wolf truly devoured Joseph, the shirt would have been torn—a subtle observation hinting at the truth behind their deception.
Qaaloo yaaa abaanaaa innaa zahabnaa nastabiqu wa taraknaa Yoosufa 'inda mataa'inaa fa akhalahuz zi'b, wa maaa anta bimu'minil lanaa wa law kunnaa saadiqeen
They said: "O our father! We went racing with one another, and left Joseph with our things; and the wolf devoured him.. But you will never believe us even though we tell the truth."
Commentary of verses 12:15 to 12:18
The full story of Joseph contains more detail than the Quran provides, but the Quran's purpose is moral instruction, not storytelling. It highlights only what is relevant for spiritual lessons, leaving historians to fill in the rest.
Tradition holds that Joseph spent three days in the well, during which he was shown visions of his future—emerging from the well and rising to such honour that his brothers would not recognise him. Though deeply wronged, Joseph entrusted himself to God and waited patiently. His father Jacob displayed noble patience too. Some reports say he pointed out that had a wolf truly devoured Joseph, the shirt would have been torn—a subtle observation hinting at the truth behind their deception.
Wa jaaa'oo 'alaa qamee shihee bidamin kazi' qaala bal sawwalat lakum anfusukum amraa; fasabrun jameel; wallaahul musta'aanu 'alaa man tasifoon
They stained his shirt with false blood. He said: "Rather, but your minds have made up a tale [that may pass] with you, [for me] patience is most fitting: Against that which you assert, it is Allah [alone] Whose help can be sought".
Commentary of verses 12:15 to 12:18
The full story of Joseph contains more detail than the Quran provides, but the Quran's purpose is moral instruction, not storytelling. It highlights only what is relevant for spiritual lessons, leaving historians to fill in the rest.
Tradition holds that Joseph spent three days in the well, during which he was shown visions of his future—emerging from the well and rising to such honour that his brothers would not recognise him. Though deeply wronged, Joseph entrusted himself to God and waited patiently. His father Jacob displayed noble patience too. Some reports say he pointed out that had a wolf truly devoured Joseph, the shirt would have been torn—a subtle observation hinting at the truth behind their deception.
Wa jaaa'at saiyaaratun fa-arsaloo waaridahum fa adlaa dalwah; qaala yaa bushraa haaza ghulaam; wa asarroohu bi-daa'ah; wallaahu 'aleemum bimaa ya'maloon
Then there came a caravan of travellers: they sent their water-carrier [for water], and he let down his bucket [into the well].. He said: "Ah there! Good news! Here is a [fine] young man!" So they concealed him as a treasure! But Allah knows well all that they do!
Commentary of verses 12:19 to 12:20
After Joseph's brothers threw him into the well, they went home. Three days later, a trading caravan travelling from Midian to Egypt stopped nearby. One traveller lowered a bucket into the well to fetch water, and sixteen-year-old Joseph grabbed hold of it and was drawn out. During that era, slavery was common, so the traders were delighted—they could sell this young man for a handsome profit in Egypt. When they arrived, they offered Joseph for sale alongside other goods, and an Egyptian official, impressed by his dignified bearing, purchased him for twenty dirhams.
Joseph's own brothers had cast him into a well. The caravan sold him as a slave. Later, the wife of a high-ranking Egyptian—Zulaykha—had him imprisoned. Yet God Almighty transformed each of these seemingly dire circumstances into steps towards honour and glory. What a striking contrast between human perception and the all-knowing wisdom of the Divine.
Wa sharawhu bisamanim bakhsin daraahima ma'doo datinw wa kaanoo feehi minaz zaahideen
The [Brethren] sold him for a miserable price, for a few dirhams counted out: in such low estimation did they hold him!
Commentary of verses 12:19 to 12:20
After Joseph's brothers threw him into the well, they went home. Three days later, a trading caravan travelling from Midian to Egypt stopped nearby. One traveller lowered a bucket into the well to fetch water, and sixteen-year-old Joseph grabbed hold of it and was drawn out. During that era, slavery was common, so the traders were delighted—they could sell this young man for a handsome profit in Egypt. When they arrived, they offered Joseph for sale alongside other goods, and an Egyptian official, impressed by his dignified bearing, purchased him for twenty dirhams.
Joseph's own brothers had cast him into a well. The caravan sold him as a slave. Later, the wife of a high-ranking Egyptian—Zulaykha—had him imprisoned. Yet God Almighty transformed each of these seemingly dire circumstances into steps towards honour and glory. What a striking contrast between human perception and the all-knowing wisdom of the Divine.
Wa qaalal lazish taraahu mim Misra limra atiheee akrimee maswaahu 'asaaa any-yanfa'anaaa aw nattakhizahoo waladaa; wa kazaalika mak-kannaa li-Yoosufa fil ardi wa linu'allimahoo min taaweelil ahaadees; wallaahu ghaalibun 'alaaa amrihee wa laakinna aksaran naasi laa ya'lamoon
The man in Egypt who bought him, said to his wife: "Make his stay [among us] honourable: may be he will bring us much good, or we shall adopt him as a son." Thus did We establish Joseph in the land, that We might teach him the interpretation of stories [and events]. And Allah has full power and control over His affairs;
but most among mankind know it not.
Commentary of verses 12:21 to 12:22
An Egyptian official named Potiphar bought Joseph and quickly recognised nobility beneath the surface. He realised Joseph was no ordinary slave but someone from a distinguished family who had fallen into unfortunate hands. Potiphar told his wife to treat Joseph as a family member rather than a servant, believing the young man could manage their household affairs. Being childless, Potiphar even considered adopting Joseph if he proved worthy.
Around the age of forty, God granted Joseph both prophethood and political authority as a reward for his righteousness. The door of divine blessings remains open to the righteous. During the age of prophets, such a person might receive prophethood itself; after the final messenger, Muhammad (pbuh), righteous believers may receive every blessing except prophethood.
Wa lammaa balagha ashuddahooo aatainaahu bukmanw wa 'ilmaa; wa kazaa lika najzil muhsineen
When Joseph attained His full manhood, We gave him power and knowledge: thus do We reward those who do right.
Commentary of verses 12:21 to 12:22
An Egyptian official named Potiphar bought Joseph and quickly recognised nobility beneath the surface. He realised Joseph was no ordinary slave but someone from a distinguished family who had fallen into unfortunate hands. Potiphar told his wife to treat Joseph as a family member rather than a servant, believing the young man could manage their household affairs. Being childless, Potiphar even considered adopting Joseph if he proved worthy.
Around the age of forty, God granted Joseph both prophethood and political authority as a reward for his righteousness. The door of divine blessings remains open to the righteous. During the age of prophets, such a person might receive prophethood itself; after the final messenger, Muhammad (pbuh), righteous believers may receive every blessing except prophethood.
Wa raawadat hul latee huwa fee baitihaa 'an nafsihee wa ghallaqatil abwaaba wa qaalat haita lak; qaala ma'aazal laahi innahoo rabbeee ahsana maswaay; innahoo laa yuflihuz-zaalimoon
But she in whose house he was, sought to seduce him from his [true] self: she fastened the doors, and said: "Now come, you [dear one]!" He said: "Allah forbid! truly [your husband] is my lord! he made my sojourn agreeable! truly to no good come those who do wrong!"
Commentary of verses 12:23 to 12:24
Zulaykha became infatuated with Joseph's beauty and repeatedly tried to seduce him. One day, finding an opportunity, she locked the door. It was a perilous moment for an unmarried young man, yet Joseph's God-consciousness saved him. Every human being is born with an inner compass distinguishing right from wrong—a divine warning voice. Ignoring it is to ignore God Himself, leading to moral decline. Heeding it brings divine assistance, strengthening one's character over time.
Joseph feared God, but invoking the Almighty before Zulaykha would have been futile. This was not the moment for theological argument but for self-preservation. Wisely, he reminded her of her husband: his master had honoured him in his home, and he could never betray such generosity. In a crisis, Joseph chose practical reasoning grounded in gratitude and loyalty.
Wa laqad hammat bihee wa hamma bihaa law laaa ar ra-aa burhaana rabbih;; kazaalika linasrifa 'anhu sooo'a walfa hshaaa'; innahoo min 'ibaadi nal mukhlaseen
And [with passion] did she desire him, and he would have desired her, but that he saw the evidence of his Lord: thus [did We order] that We might turn away from him [all] evil and shameful deeds: for he was one of Our servants, sincere and purified.
Commentary of verses 12:23 to 12:24
Zulaykha became infatuated with Joseph's beauty and repeatedly tried to seduce him. One day, finding an opportunity, she locked the door. It was a perilous moment for an unmarried young man, yet Joseph's God-consciousness saved him. Every human being is born with an inner compass distinguishing right from wrong—a divine warning voice. Ignoring it is to ignore God Himself, leading to moral decline. Heeding it brings divine assistance, strengthening one's character over time.
Joseph feared God, but invoking the Almighty before Zulaykha would have been futile. This was not the moment for theological argument but for self-preservation. Wisely, he reminded her of her husband: his master had honoured him in his home, and he could never betray such generosity. In a crisis, Joseph chose practical reasoning grounded in gratitude and loyalty.
Wastabaqal baaba wa qaddat qameesahoo min dubu rinw wa alfayaa saiyidahaa ladal baab; qaalat maa jazaaa'u man araada bi ahlika sooo'an illaaa any-yusjana aw azaabun aleem
So they both raced each other to the door, and she tore his shirt from the back: they both found her lord near the door. She said: "What is the [fitting] punishment for one who formed an evil design against your wife, but prison or a painful punishment?"
Commentary of verses 12:25 to 12:29
Joseph fled towards the door, and Zulaykha chased him, grabbing his shirt from behind and tearing it. He managed to escape just as her husband appeared outside. Immediately, Zulaykha accused Joseph of wrongdoing, displaying no shame in falsely blaming someone she had claimed to love moments earlier. Joseph calmly stated the truth: he was innocent.
With no eyewitness, how could the matter be resolved? A wise member of the household, likely already aware of the situation and having noticed the shirt torn from behind rather than the front, offered guidance. He advised relying on circumstantial evidence. The torn shirt clearly indicated that Joseph had been fleeing, not pursuing. It was Zulaykha, not Joseph, who had made improper advances. The evidence spoke for itself.
Qaala hiya raawadatnee 'an nafsee wa shahida shaahidum min ahlihaa in kaana qameesuhoo qudda min qubulin fasadaqat wa huwa minal kaazibeen
He said: "It was she that sought to seduce me - from my [true] self." And one of her household saw [this] and bore witness, [thus]:- "If it be that his shirt is rent from the front, then is her tale true, and he is a liar!
Commentary of verses 12:25 to 12:29
Joseph fled towards the door, and Zulaykha chased him, grabbing his shirt from behind and tearing it. He managed to escape just as her husband appeared outside. Immediately, Zulaykha accused Joseph of wrongdoing, displaying no shame in falsely blaming someone she had claimed to love moments earlier. Joseph calmly stated the truth: he was innocent.
With no eyewitness, how could the matter be resolved? A wise member of the household, likely already aware of the situation and having noticed the shirt torn from behind rather than the front, offered guidance. He advised relying on circumstantial evidence. The torn shirt clearly indicated that Joseph had been fleeing, not pursuing. It was Zulaykha, not Joseph, who had made improper advances. The evidence spoke for itself.
Wa in kaana qameesuhoo qudda min duburin fakazabat wa huwa minas saadiqeen
"But if it be that his shirt is torn from the back, then is she the liar, and he is telling the truth!"
Commentary of verses 12:25 to 12:29
Joseph fled towards the door, and Zulaykha chased him, grabbing his shirt from behind and tearing it. He managed to escape just as her husband appeared outside. Immediately, Zulaykha accused Joseph of wrongdoing, displaying no shame in falsely blaming someone she had claimed to love moments earlier. Joseph calmly stated the truth: he was innocent.
With no eyewitness, how could the matter be resolved? A wise member of the household, likely already aware of the situation and having noticed the shirt torn from behind rather than the front, offered guidance. He advised relying on circumstantial evidence. The torn shirt clearly indicated that Joseph had been fleeing, not pursuing. It was Zulaykha, not Joseph, who had made improper advances. The evidence spoke for itself.
Falammaa ra-aa qamee sahoo qudda min duburin qaala innahoo min kaidikunna inna kaidakunna 'azeem
So when he saw his shirt, that it was torn at the back, [her husband] said: "And [mention]! It is a snare of you women! truly, mighty is your snare!
Commentary of verses 12:25 to 12:29
Joseph fled towards the door, and Zulaykha chased him, grabbing his shirt from behind and tearing it. He managed to escape just as her husband appeared outside. Immediately, Zulaykha accused Joseph of wrongdoing, displaying no shame in falsely blaming someone she had claimed to love moments earlier. Joseph calmly stated the truth: he was innocent.
With no eyewitness, how could the matter be resolved? A wise member of the household, likely already aware of the situation and having noticed the shirt torn from behind rather than the front, offered guidance. He advised relying on circumstantial evidence. The torn shirt clearly indicated that Joseph had been fleeing, not pursuing. It was Zulaykha, not Joseph, who had made improper advances. The evidence spoke for itself.
"O Joseph, pass this over! [O wife], ask forgiveness for your sin, for truly you have been at fault!"
Commentary of verses 12:25 to 12:29
Joseph fled towards the door, and Zulaykha chased him, grabbing his shirt from behind and tearing it. He managed to escape just as her husband appeared outside. Immediately, Zulaykha accused Joseph of wrongdoing, displaying no shame in falsely blaming someone she had claimed to love moments earlier. Joseph calmly stated the truth: he was innocent.
With no eyewitness, how could the matter be resolved? A wise member of the household, likely already aware of the situation and having noticed the shirt torn from behind rather than the front, offered guidance. He advised relying on circumstantial evidence. The torn shirt clearly indicated that Joseph had been fleeing, not pursuing. It was Zulaykha, not Joseph, who had made improper advances. The evidence spoke for itself.
Wa qaala niswatun filma deenatim ra atul'Azeezi turaawidu fataahaa 'an nafsihee qad shaghafahaa bubbaa; innaa lana raahaa fee dalaalim mubeen
Ladies said in the City: "The wife of the [great] 'Aziz is seeking to seduce her slave from his [true] self: Truly has he inspired her with violent love: we see she is evidently going astray."
Commentary of verses 12:30 to 12:34
Zulaykha invited noble ladies to meet Joseph, hoping to justify her infatuation. When they saw him, they were so captivated by his beauty that they accidentally cut their hands with knives while peeling fruit, utterly absorbed in his presence. For Joseph, this could have been a powerful temptation—an opportunity to indulge his desires. Yet even in such an electrifying moment, he remained unmoved.
His entire focus was on God. The majesty and greatness of the Divine so filled his heart and mind that nothing else could distract him. While the women were overwhelmed by physical attraction, Joseph's soul was anchored in spiritual devotion. What a profound difference between one person and another.
Falammaa sami'at bimak rihinna arsalat ilaihinna wa a'tadat lahunna muttaka anw wa aatat kulla waahidatim min hunna sikkeenanw wa qaala tikh ruj 'alaihinna falammaa ra aynahooo akbarnahoo wa qatta'na aydiyahunna wa qulna haasha lillaahi maa haaza basharaa; in haazaaa illaa malakun kareem
When she heard of their malicious talk, she sent for them and prepared a banquet for them: she gave each of them a knife: and she said [to Joseph], "Come out before them." When they saw him, they did extol him, and [in their amazement] cut their hands: they said, "Allah preserve us! no mortal is this! this is none other than a noble angel!"
Commentary of verses 12:30 to 12:34
Zulaykha invited noble ladies to meet Joseph, hoping to justify her infatuation. When they saw him, they were so captivated by his beauty that they accidentally cut their hands with knives while peeling fruit, utterly absorbed in his presence. For Joseph, this could have been a powerful temptation—an opportunity to indulge his desires. Yet even in such an electrifying moment, he remained unmoved.
His entire focus was on God. The majesty and greatness of the Divine so filled his heart and mind that nothing else could distract him. While the women were overwhelmed by physical attraction, Joseph's soul was anchored in spiritual devotion. What a profound difference between one person and another.
Qaalat fazaalikunnal lazee lumtunnanee feeh; wa laqad raawattuhoo 'an nafsihee fasta'sam; wa la'il lam yaf'al maaa aamuruhoo la yusjananna wa la yakoonam minas saaghireen
She said: "There before you are the man about whom you did blame me! I did seek to seduce him from his [true] self but he did firmly save himself guiltless!.. and now, if he does not my bidding, he shall certainly be cast into prison, and [what is more] be of the company of the vilest!"
Commentary of verses 12:30 to 12:34
Zulaykha invited noble ladies to meet Joseph, hoping to justify her infatuation. When they saw him, they were so captivated by his beauty that they accidentally cut their hands with knives while peeling fruit, utterly absorbed in his presence. For Joseph, this could have been a powerful temptation—an opportunity to indulge his desires. Yet even in such an electrifying moment, he remained unmoved.
His entire focus was on God. The majesty and greatness of the Divine so filled his heart and mind that nothing else could distract him. While the women were overwhelmed by physical attraction, Joseph's soul was anchored in spiritual devotion. What a profound difference between one person and another.
Qaala rabbis sijnu ahabbu ilaiya mimma yad'oo naneee 'ilaihi wa illaa tasrif 'annee kaidahunna asbu ilaihinna wa akum minal jaahileen
He said: "O my Lord! the prison is more to my liking than that to which they invite me: Unless You turn away their snare from me, I should [in my youthful folly] feel inclined towards them and join the ranks of the ignorant."
Commentary of verses 12:30 to 12:34
Zulaykha invited noble ladies to meet Joseph, hoping to justify her infatuation. When they saw him, they were so captivated by his beauty that they accidentally cut their hands with knives while peeling fruit, utterly absorbed in his presence. For Joseph, this could have been a powerful temptation—an opportunity to indulge his desires. Yet even in such an electrifying moment, he remained unmoved.
His entire focus was on God. The majesty and greatness of the Divine so filled his heart and mind that nothing else could distract him. While the women were overwhelmed by physical attraction, Joseph's soul was anchored in spiritual devotion. What a profound difference between one person and another.
So his Lord hearkened to him [in his prayer], and turned away from him their snare: Indeed He hears and knows [all things].
Commentary of verses 12:30 to 12:34
Zulaykha invited noble ladies to meet Joseph, hoping to justify her infatuation. When they saw him, they were so captivated by his beauty that they accidentally cut their hands with knives while peeling fruit, utterly absorbed in his presence. For Joseph, this could have been a powerful temptation—an opportunity to indulge his desires. Yet even in such an electrifying moment, he remained unmoved.
His entire focus was on God. The majesty and greatness of the Divine so filled his heart and mind that nothing else could distract him. While the women were overwhelmed by physical attraction, Joseph's soul was anchored in spiritual devotion. What a profound difference between one person and another.
Summa badaa lahum mim ba'di maa ra-awul Aayaati layasjununnahoo hatta heen
Then it occurred to the men, after they had seen the signs, [that it was best] to imprison him for a time.
Commentary of verses 12:35 to 12:36
When Egypt's elite women failed to turn Joseph's attention towards them, they decided he should be imprisoned. As a slave, Joseph had no legal protections—masters could imprison their slaves without trial. Yet this imprisonment became another stepping-stone. Previously, Joseph had been known only within a few noble households. Now, imprisoned alongside others, his reputation could reach the king himself.
Two young men connected to the royal palace were jailed with him. Both had dreams and asked Joseph for interpretations. He explained their meanings, and his words proved accurate. One youth was later released and returned to the palace. At the right moment, he informed the king of a righteous man in prison who could interpret dreams truthfully. Thus, what seemed like punishment became the path to the royal court.
Now with him there came into the prison two young men. Said one of them: "I see myself [in a dream] pressing wine." said the other: "I see myself [in a dream] carrying bread on my head, and birds are eating, thereof." "Tell us" [they said] "The truth and meaning thereof: for we see you are one that does good [to all]."
Commentary of verses 12:35 to 12:36
When Egypt's elite women failed to turn Joseph's attention towards them, they decided he should be imprisoned. As a slave, Joseph had no legal protections—masters could imprison their slaves without trial. Yet this imprisonment became another stepping-stone. Previously, Joseph had been known only within a few noble households. Now, imprisoned alongside others, his reputation could reach the king himself.
Two young men connected to the royal palace were jailed with him. Both had dreams and asked Joseph for interpretations. He explained their meanings, and his words proved accurate. One youth was later released and returned to the palace. At the right moment, he informed the king of a righteous man in prison who could interpret dreams truthfully. Thus, what seemed like punishment became the path to the royal court.
He said: "Before any food comes [in due course] to feed either of you, I will surely reveal to you the truth and meaning of this ere it befall you: that is part of the [duty] which my Lord has taught me. I have [I assure you] abandoned the ways of a people that believe not in Allah and that [even] deny the Hereafter.
Commentary of verses 12:37 to 12:40
When the young prisoners asked Joseph to interpret their dreams, their respectful manner revealed their trust in his wisdom and character. Joseph, ever the messenger of truth, recognised a precious opportunity. Yet he knew that once he interpreted their dreams, their attention might shift elsewhere. So with insight and patience, he delayed his answer.
First, he spoke to them about the oneness of God, tailoring his message to their understanding. He used sound reasoning suited to their mentality, gently guiding them towards the truth before addressing their original question. This wise approach ensured his spiritual message would be heard and considered, rather than lost in the excitement of dream interpretation.
Wattab'tu millata aabaaa'eee Ibraaheema wa Ishaaqa wa Ya'qoob; maa kaana lanaaa an nushrika billaahi min shai' zaalikamin fadlil laahi 'alainaa wa 'alan naasi wa laakinna aksaran naasi laa yashkuroon
"And I follow the ways of my fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; and never could we attribute any partners whatever to Allah: that [comes] of the grace of Allah to us and to mankind: yet most men are not grateful.
Commentary of verses 12:37 to 12:40
When the young prisoners asked Joseph to interpret their dreams, their respectful manner revealed their trust in his wisdom and character. Joseph, ever the messenger of truth, recognised a precious opportunity. Yet he knew that once he interpreted their dreams, their attention might shift elsewhere. So with insight and patience, he delayed his answer.
First, he spoke to them about the oneness of God, tailoring his message to their understanding. He used sound reasoning suited to their mentality, gently guiding them towards the truth before addressing their original question. This wise approach ensured his spiritual message would be heard and considered, rather than lost in the excitement of dream interpretation.
"O my two companions of the prison! [I ask you]: are many lords differing among themselves better, or the One Allah, Supreme and Irresistible?
Commentary of verses 12:37 to 12:40
When the young prisoners asked Joseph to interpret their dreams, their respectful manner revealed their trust in his wisdom and character. Joseph, ever the messenger of truth, recognised a precious opportunity. Yet he knew that once he interpreted their dreams, their attention might shift elsewhere. So with insight and patience, he delayed his answer.
First, he spoke to them about the oneness of God, tailoring his message to their understanding. He used sound reasoning suited to their mentality, gently guiding them towards the truth before addressing their original question. This wise approach ensured his spiritual message would be heard and considered, rather than lost in the excitement of dream interpretation.
Maa ta'budoona min doonihee illaaa asmaaa'an sam maitumoohaaa antum wa aabaaa'ukum maaa anzalal laahu bihaa min sultan; inilhukmu illaa lillaah; amara allaa ta'budooo illaaa iyyaah; zaalikad deenul qaiyimu wa laakinna aksaran naasi laa ya'lamoon
"If not Him, you worship nothing but names which you have named, you and your fathers, for which Allah has sent down no authority: the command is for none but Allah: He has commanded that you worship none but Him: that is the right religion, but most men understand not..
Commentary of verses 12:37 to 12:40
When the young prisoners asked Joseph to interpret their dreams, their respectful manner revealed their trust in his wisdom and character. Joseph, ever the messenger of truth, recognised a precious opportunity. Yet he knew that once he interpreted their dreams, their attention might shift elsewhere. So with insight and patience, he delayed his answer.
First, he spoke to them about the oneness of God, tailoring his message to their understanding. He used sound reasoning suited to their mentality, gently guiding them towards the truth before addressing their original question. This wise approach ensured his spiritual message would be heard and considered, rather than lost in the excitement of dream interpretation.
Yaa saahibayis sijni ammaaa ahadukumaa fa yasqee rabbahoo khamranw wa ammal aakharu fa yuslabu fataakulut tairu mir raasih; qudiyal amrul lazee feehi tastaftiyaan
"O my two companions of the prison! As to one of you, he will pour out the wine for his lord to drink: as for the other, he will hang from the cross, and the birds will eat from off his head. [so] has been decreed that matter whereof you twain do enquire"..
Commentary of verses 12:41 to 12:42
The two imprisoned youths were a baker and a cupbearer to the king of Egypt, both accused of attempting to poison the royal food. Investigation cleared the cupbearer, who was freed and restored to his position. His dream—serving wine to the king—meant he would soon do so again in reality. The baker, however, was found guilty, executed by hanging, and left exposed as a warning to others. Joseph's interpretations proved entirely accurate.
Yet after returning to the palace, the cupbearer forgot his promise to mention Joseph to the king. Only later, when the king himself had a troubling dream and sought someone to interpret it, did the cupbearer finally remember the remarkable man he had met in prison.
And of the two, to that one whom he consider about to be saved, he said: "Mention me to your lord." But Satan made him forget to mention him to his lord: and [Joseph] lingered in prison a few [more] years.
Commentary of verses 12:41 to 12:42
The two imprisoned youths were a baker and a cupbearer to the king of Egypt, both accused of attempting to poison the royal food. Investigation cleared the cupbearer, who was freed and restored to his position. His dream—serving wine to the king—meant he would soon do so again in reality. The baker, however, was found guilty, executed by hanging, and left exposed as a warning to others. Joseph's interpretations proved entirely accurate.
Yet after returning to the palace, the cupbearer forgot his promise to mention Joseph to the king. Only later, when the king himself had a troubling dream and sought someone to interpret it, did the cupbearer finally remember the remarkable man he had met in prison.
Wa qaalal maliku inneee araa sab'a baqaraatin simaaniny yaakuluhunna sab'un 'ijaafunw wa sab'a sumbulaatinkhudrinw wa ukhara yaabisaat; yaaa ayuhal mala-u aftoonee fee nu'yaaya in kuntum lirru'yaa ta'buroon
The king [of Egypt] said: "I do see [in a vision] seven fat kine, whom seven lean ones devour, and seven green ears of corn, and seven [others] withered. O you chiefs! Expound to me my vision if it be that you can interpret visions."
Commentary of verses 12:43 to 12:45
Although the Egyptian king was a polytheist who drank wine, Allah granted him a true vision of the future. This demonstrates how Allah assists those who call others to truth. Sometimes He causes influential people to have dreams that highlight a believer's importance, softening their hearts and opening doors for the message to spread.
The king's cupbearer only recalled Yusuf's skill in dream interpretation upon hearing of the royal dream. He told the king how Yusuf had accurately explained both his own dream and that of another prisoner. With the king's permission, the cupbearer returned to the prison to ask Yusuf about the meaning of the king's vision. This created the pathway for Yusuf's eventual release.
Allah could have freed Yusuf immediately after the cupbearer left prison, or prompted him to mention Yusuf straightaway. Yet every divine plan unfolds at its appointed time. Allah does not hasten matters before their destined moment.
Qaalooo adghaasu ahlaa minw wa maa nahnu bitaaweelil ahlaami bi'aalimeen
They said: "A confused medley of dreams: and we are not skilled in the interpretation of dreams."
Commentary of verses 12:43 to 12:45
Although the Egyptian king was a polytheist who drank wine, Allah granted him a true vision of the future. This demonstrates how Allah assists those who call others to truth. Sometimes He causes influential people to have dreams that highlight a believer's importance, softening their hearts and opening doors for the message to spread.
The king's cupbearer only recalled Yusuf's skill in dream interpretation upon hearing of the royal dream. He told the king how Yusuf had accurately explained both his own dream and that of another prisoner. With the king's permission, the cupbearer returned to the prison to ask Yusuf about the meaning of the king's vision. This created the pathway for Yusuf's eventual release.
Allah could have freed Yusuf immediately after the cupbearer left prison, or prompted him to mention Yusuf straightaway. Yet every divine plan unfolds at its appointed time. Allah does not hasten matters before their destined moment.
Wa qaalal lazee najaa minhumaa waddakara ba'da ummatin ana unabbi'ukum bitalweelihee fa-arsiloon
But the man who had been released, one of the two [who had been in prison] and who now bethought him after [so long] a space of time, said: "I will tell you the truth of its interpretation: send you me [therefore]."
Commentary of verses 12:43 to 12:45
Although the Egyptian king was a polytheist who drank wine, Allah granted him a true vision of the future. This demonstrates how Allah assists those who call others to truth. Sometimes He causes influential people to have dreams that highlight a believer's importance, softening their hearts and opening doors for the message to spread.
The king's cupbearer only recalled Yusuf's skill in dream interpretation upon hearing of the royal dream. He told the king how Yusuf had accurately explained both his own dream and that of another prisoner. With the king's permission, the cupbearer returned to the prison to ask Yusuf about the meaning of the king's vision. This created the pathway for Yusuf's eventual release.
Allah could have freed Yusuf immediately after the cupbearer left prison, or prompted him to mention Yusuf straightaway. Yet every divine plan unfolds at its appointed time. Allah does not hasten matters before their destined moment.
Yoosufu ayyuhas siddee qu aftinaa fee sab'i baqaraatin simaaniny yaakuluhunna sab'un 'ijaafunw wa sabi'i sumbulaatin khudrinw wa ukhara yaabisaatil la'alleee arj'u ilan naasi la'allahum ya'lamoon
"O Joseph!" [he said] "O man of truth! Expound to us [the dream] of seven fat kine whom seven lean ones devour, and of seven green ears of corn and [seven] others withered: that I may return to the people, and that they may understand."
Commentary of verses 12:46 to 12:49
Yusuf explained that the seven fat cows and seven green ears represented seven years of abundant harvests, with thriving livestock and vegetation. These would be followed by seven years of drought and scarcity, symbolised by the lean cows and withered ears consuming what came before. Only a small reserve for planting would remain.
Alongside this interpretation, Yusuf offered practical guidance. He advised storing grain carefully during the prosperous years and using it sparingly. Leaving surplus grain in the ears would protect it from pests, ensuring the seven years' produce would last through fourteen. He also gave glad tidings that after the famine, another year of plenty would come, with rain, milk, and fruit in abundance.
Through this strange dream and its interpretation, Allah elevated Yusuf's status, providing him with an opportunity to serve at the highest level of Egyptian government.
[Joseph] said: "For seven years shall you diligently sow as is your wont: and the harvests that you reap, you shall leave them in the ear, except a little, of which you shall eat.
Commentary of verses 12:46 to 12:49
Yusuf explained that the seven fat cows and seven green ears represented seven years of abundant harvests, with thriving livestock and vegetation. These would be followed by seven years of drought and scarcity, symbolised by the lean cows and withered ears consuming what came before. Only a small reserve for planting would remain.
Alongside this interpretation, Yusuf offered practical guidance. He advised storing grain carefully during the prosperous years and using it sparingly. Leaving surplus grain in the ears would protect it from pests, ensuring the seven years' produce would last through fourteen. He also gave glad tidings that after the famine, another year of plenty would come, with rain, milk, and fruit in abundance.
Through this strange dream and its interpretation, Allah elevated Yusuf's status, providing him with an opportunity to serve at the highest level of Egyptian government.
Summa yaatee mim ba'di zaalika sab'un shidaaduny yaa kulna maa qaddamtum lahunna illaa qaleelam mimma tuhsinoon
"Then will come after that [period] seven dreadful [years], which will devour what you shall have laid by in advance for them, [all] except a little which you shall have [specially] guarded.
Commentary of verses 12:46 to 12:49
Yusuf explained that the seven fat cows and seven green ears represented seven years of abundant harvests, with thriving livestock and vegetation. These would be followed by seven years of drought and scarcity, symbolised by the lean cows and withered ears consuming what came before. Only a small reserve for planting would remain.
Alongside this interpretation, Yusuf offered practical guidance. He advised storing grain carefully during the prosperous years and using it sparingly. Leaving surplus grain in the ears would protect it from pests, ensuring the seven years' produce would last through fourteen. He also gave glad tidings that after the famine, another year of plenty would come, with rain, milk, and fruit in abundance.
Through this strange dream and its interpretation, Allah elevated Yusuf's status, providing him with an opportunity to serve at the highest level of Egyptian government.
Summa yadtee mim ba'di zaalika 'aamun feehi yughaa sun naasu wa feehi ya'siroon
"Then will come after that [period] a year in which the people will have abundant water, and in which they will press [wine and oil]."
Commentary of verses 12:46 to 12:49
Yusuf explained that the seven fat cows and seven green ears represented seven years of abundant harvests, with thriving livestock and vegetation. These would be followed by seven years of drought and scarcity, symbolised by the lean cows and withered ears consuming what came before. Only a small reserve for planting would remain.
Alongside this interpretation, Yusuf offered practical guidance. He advised storing grain carefully during the prosperous years and using it sparingly. Leaving surplus grain in the ears would protect it from pests, ensuring the seven years' produce would last through fourteen. He also gave glad tidings that after the famine, another year of plenty would come, with rain, milk, and fruit in abundance.
Through this strange dream and its interpretation, Allah elevated Yusuf's status, providing him with an opportunity to serve at the highest level of Egyptian government.
So the king said: "Bring you him to me." But when the messenger came to him, [Joseph] said: "Go you back to your lord, and ask him, 'What is the state of mind of the ladies who cut their hands'? For my Lord is certainly well aware of their snare."
Commentary of verses 12:50 to 12:51
Before Yusuf could assume a national role, his reputation needed to be known throughout Egypt. The king's dream served this purpose. Eager for answers, the king publicly summoned scholars, priests, and wise men to interpret it, but all failed. The matter became widely discussed, and when Yusuf provided the correct explanation, his name spread across the land.
Upon learning of Yusuf's imprisonment, the king investigated the circumstances. All the women involved testified to his innocence. Zulaykha, the nobleman's wife, spoke with remarkable honesty. She openly admitted her guilt and declared that Yusuf was entirely blameless. This courageous confession was so noble that it might well have guided her towards true faith.
Qaala maa khatbukunna iz raawattunna Yoosufa 'annafsih; qulna haasha lillaahi maa 'alimnaa 'alaihi min sooo'; qaalatim ra atul 'Azeezil 'aana hashasal haqq, ana raawat tuhoo 'an nafsihee wa innahoo laminas saadiqeen
[The king] said [to the ladies]: "What was your affair when you did seek to seduce Joseph from his [true] self?" The ladies said: "Allah preserve us! no evil know we against him!" Said the 'Aziz's wife: "Now is the truth manifest [to all]: it was I who sought to seduce him from his [true] self: He is indeed of those who are [ever] true [and virtuous].
Commentary of verses 12:50 to 12:51
Before Yusuf could assume a national role, his reputation needed to be known throughout Egypt. The king's dream served this purpose. Eager for answers, the king publicly summoned scholars, priests, and wise men to interpret it, but all failed. The matter became widely discussed, and when Yusuf provided the correct explanation, his name spread across the land.
Upon learning of Yusuf's imprisonment, the king investigated the circumstances. All the women involved testified to his innocence. Zulaykha, the nobleman's wife, spoke with remarkable honesty. She openly admitted her guilt and declared that Yusuf was entirely blameless. This courageous confession was so noble that it might well have guided her towards true faith.
"This [say I], in order that He may know that I have never been false to him in his absence, and that Allah will never guide the snare of the false ones.
Commentary of verses 12:52 to 12:53
When summoned by the king, Yusuf did not rush from prison. Instead, he requested that the incident leading to his imprisonment be properly investigated. Though innocent before Allah, he stood accused of betraying his master's trust—a serious charge for someone tasked with delivering Allah's message. Before addressing the public as a prophet, this allegation had to be cleared. People will not trust someone they consider dishonest in worldly matters to be truthful in conveying divine guidance.
A believer faces a constant choice between pleasing people and pleasing Allah. Sometimes, when dealing with others, clarifying one's position may sound like self-praise, yet the believer's heart remains humble before Allah. This awareness of Allah keeps a believer balanced. Yusuf's words beautifully illustrate this unique quality—outward confidence grounded in inward humility.
Wa maa ubarri'u nafsee; innan nafsa la ammaaratum bissooo'i illaa maa rahima Rabbee; inna Rabbee Ghafoorur Raheem
"Nor do I absolve my own self [of blame]: the [human] soul is certainly prone to evil, unless my Lord do bestow His Mercy: but surely my Lord is Forgiving, Most Merciful."
Commentary of verses 12:52 to 12:53
When summoned by the king, Yusuf did not rush from prison. Instead, he requested that the incident leading to his imprisonment be properly investigated. Though innocent before Allah, he stood accused of betraying his master's trust—a serious charge for someone tasked with delivering Allah's message. Before addressing the public as a prophet, this allegation had to be cleared. People will not trust someone they consider dishonest in worldly matters to be truthful in conveying divine guidance.
A believer faces a constant choice between pleasing people and pleasing Allah. Sometimes, when dealing with others, clarifying one's position may sound like self-praise, yet the believer's heart remains humble before Allah. This awareness of Allah keeps a believer balanced. Yusuf's words beautifully illustrate this unique quality—outward confidence grounded in inward humility.
So the king said: "Bring him to me; I will take him specially to serve about my own person." Therefore when he had spoken to him, he said: "Be assured this day, you are, before our own presence, with rank firmly established, and fidelity fully proved!
Commentary of verses 12:54 to 12:57
Yusuf asked the king to place him in charge of the land's storehouses. With government resources, he could build large granaries across Egypt to collect and preserve surplus grain during the seven years of plenty. The king agreed and granted him full authority to carry out this task.
Though the king was a polytheist, and his religion continued in Egypt for years after Yusuf's appointment, accepting such a position under a non-Muslim ruler is not forbidden in Islam. Earlier scholars also served as judges under unjust kings. Yusuf's purpose was clear: to save people from famine and, through this service, create favourable conditions for the Children of Israel to settle in Egypt.
[Joseph] said: "Set me over the store-houses of the land: I will indeed guard them, as one that knows [their importance]."
Commentary of verses 12:54 to 12:57
Yusuf asked the king to place him in charge of the land's storehouses. With government resources, he could build large granaries across Egypt to collect and preserve surplus grain during the seven years of plenty. The king agreed and granted him full authority to carry out this task.
Though the king was a polytheist, and his religion continued in Egypt for years after Yusuf's appointment, accepting such a position under a non-Muslim ruler is not forbidden in Islam. Earlier scholars also served as judges under unjust kings. Yusuf's purpose was clear: to save people from famine and, through this service, create favourable conditions for the Children of Israel to settle in Egypt.
Wa kazaalika makkannaa li Yoosufa fil ardi yatabawwa'u minhaa haisu yashaaaa'; nuseebu birahmatinaa man nashaaa'u wa laa nudee'u ajral muhsineen
Thus did We give established power to Joseph in the land, to take possession therein as, when, or where he pleased. We bestow of our Mercy on whom We please, and We suffer not, to be lost, the reward of those who do good.
Commentary of verses 12:54 to 12:57
Yusuf asked the king to place him in charge of the land's storehouses. With government resources, he could build large granaries across Egypt to collect and preserve surplus grain during the seven years of plenty. The king agreed and granted him full authority to carry out this task.
Though the king was a polytheist, and his religion continued in Egypt for years after Yusuf's appointment, accepting such a position under a non-Muslim ruler is not forbidden in Islam. Earlier scholars also served as judges under unjust kings. Yusuf's purpose was clear: to save people from famine and, through this service, create favourable conditions for the Children of Israel to settle in Egypt.
Wa la ajrul Aakhirati khairul lillazeena aamanoo wa kaanoo yattaqoon
But indeed the reward of the Hereafter is the best, for those who believe, and are constant in righteousness.
Commentary of verses 12:54 to 12:57
Yusuf asked the king to place him in charge of the land's storehouses. With government resources, he could build large granaries across Egypt to collect and preserve surplus grain during the seven years of plenty. The king agreed and granted him full authority to carry out this task.
Though the king was a polytheist, and his religion continued in Egypt for years after Yusuf's appointment, accepting such a position under a non-Muslim ruler is not forbidden in Islam. Earlier scholars also served as judges under unjust kings. Yusuf's purpose was clear: to save people from famine and, through this service, create favourable conditions for the Children of Israel to settle in Egypt.
Wa jaaa'a ikhwatu Yoosufa fadakhaloo 'alaihi fa'arafahum wa hum lahoo munkiroon
Then came Joseph's brethren: they entered his presence, and he knew them, but they knew him not.
Commentary of verses 12:58 to 12:61
During the seven prosperous years, Yusuf established granaries and purchased surplus grain from farmers. When famine struck Egypt and the surrounding regions—Syria, Palestine, and beyond—he began selling stored grain at fair prices from the capital. News spread, and Yusuf's brothers travelled to Egypt to buy provisions.
Although twenty years had passed, they sensed a resemblance to their lost brother. Yet they dismissed the thought—how could someone they had left in a well become Egypt's highest official? Yusuf allocated one camel-load per person. His brothers requested an extra portion for their youngest brother, Binyamin, who had stayed home with their elderly father. Yusuf refused, saying he could not give provisions to someone absent. He told them to bring Binyamin next time to receive his share. He added that if they failed to bring him, they would be suspected of lying to gain extra grain and would be barred from future supplies.
Wa lammaa jahhazahum bijahaazihim qaala' toonee bi akhil lakum min abeekum; alaa tarawna anneee oofil kaila wa ana khairul munzileen
And when he had furnished them forth with provisions [suitable] for them, he said: "Bring to me a brother you have, of the same father as yourselves, [but a different mother]: see you not that I pay out full measure, and that I do provide the best hospitality?
Commentary of verses 12:58 to 12:61
During the seven prosperous years, Yusuf established granaries and purchased surplus grain from farmers. When famine struck Egypt and the surrounding regions—Syria, Palestine, and beyond—he began selling stored grain at fair prices from the capital. News spread, and Yusuf's brothers travelled to Egypt to buy provisions.
Although twenty years had passed, they sensed a resemblance to their lost brother. Yet they dismissed the thought—how could someone they had left in a well become Egypt's highest official? Yusuf allocated one camel-load per person. His brothers requested an extra portion for their youngest brother, Binyamin, who had stayed home with their elderly father. Yusuf refused, saying he could not give provisions to someone absent. He told them to bring Binyamin next time to receive his share. He added that if they failed to bring him, they would be suspected of lying to gain extra grain and would be barred from future supplies.
Fa il lam taatoonee bihee falaa kaila lakum 'indee wa laa taqraboon
"Now if you bring him not to me, you shall have no measure [of corn] from me, nor shall you [even] come near me."
Commentary of verses 12:58 to 12:61
During the seven prosperous years, Yusuf established granaries and purchased surplus grain from farmers. When famine struck Egypt and the surrounding regions—Syria, Palestine, and beyond—he began selling stored grain at fair prices from the capital. News spread, and Yusuf's brothers travelled to Egypt to buy provisions.
Although twenty years had passed, they sensed a resemblance to their lost brother. Yet they dismissed the thought—how could someone they had left in a well become Egypt's highest official? Yusuf allocated one camel-load per person. His brothers requested an extra portion for their youngest brother, Binyamin, who had stayed home with their elderly father. Yusuf refused, saying he could not give provisions to someone absent. He told them to bring Binyamin next time to receive his share. He added that if they failed to bring him, they would be suspected of lying to gain extra grain and would be barred from future supplies.
Qaaloo sanuraawidu 'anhu abaahu wa innaa lafaa'iloon
They said: "We shall certainly seek to get our wish about him from his father: Indeed we shall do it."
Commentary of verses 12:58 to 12:61
During the seven prosperous years, Yusuf established granaries and purchased surplus grain from farmers. When famine struck Egypt and the surrounding regions—Syria, Palestine, and beyond—he began selling stored grain at fair prices from the capital. News spread, and Yusuf's brothers travelled to Egypt to buy provisions.
Although twenty years had passed, they sensed a resemblance to their lost brother. Yet they dismissed the thought—how could someone they had left in a well become Egypt's highest official? Yusuf allocated one camel-load per person. His brothers requested an extra portion for their youngest brother, Binyamin, who had stayed home with their elderly father. Yusuf refused, saying he could not give provisions to someone absent. He told them to bring Binyamin next time to receive his share. He added that if they failed to bring him, they would be suspected of lying to gain extra grain and would be barred from future supplies.
Wa qaala lifityaanihij 'aloo bidaa'atahum fee rihaalihim la'allahum ya'rifoonahaaa izan qalabooo ilaaa ahlihim la'allahum yarji'oon
And [Joseph] told his servants to put their stock-in-trade [with which they had bartered] into their saddle-bags, so they should know it only when they returned to their people, in order that they might come back.
Commentary of verses 12:62 to 12:64
Yusuf felt it inappropriate to take payment from his brothers, or perhaps worried that lack of funds might prevent their return. He quietly instructed his servants to place the money they had paid back among their belongings. When they arrived home and discovered it, they would feel encouraged to return with Binyamin.
When the brothers asked their father to send Binyamin, Ya'qub expressed his distrust based on past experience. Yet he also acknowledged that neither they nor anyone else held ultimate power—only what Allah wills comes to pass. However, events unfold through human actions, allowing the wicked to reveal themselves through wrongdoing, and the righteous to be recognised through good deeds.
Falammaa raja'ooo ilaaa abeehim qaaloo yaaa abaanaa muni'a minnal kailu fa arsil ma'anaaa akhaanaa naktal wa innaa lahoo lahaafizoon
Now when they returned to their father, they said: "O our father! No more measure of grain shall we get [unless we take our brother]: So send our brother with us, that we may get our measure; and we will indeed take every care of him."
Commentary of verses 12:62 to 12:64
Yusuf felt it inappropriate to take payment from his brothers, or perhaps worried that lack of funds might prevent their return. He quietly instructed his servants to place the money they had paid back among their belongings. When they arrived home and discovered it, they would feel encouraged to return with Binyamin.
When the brothers asked their father to send Binyamin, Ya'qub expressed his distrust based on past experience. Yet he also acknowledged that neither they nor anyone else held ultimate power—only what Allah wills comes to pass. However, events unfold through human actions, allowing the wicked to reveal themselves through wrongdoing, and the righteous to be recognised through good deeds.
Qaala hal aamanukum 'alihi illaa kamaa amintukum 'alaaa akheehimin qabl; fal laahu khairun haafizanw wa Huwa arhamur Raahimeen
He said: "Shall I trust you with him with any result other than when I trusted you with his brother aforetime? But Allah is the best to take care [of him], and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy!"
Commentary of verses 12:62 to 12:64
Yusuf felt it inappropriate to take payment from his brothers, or perhaps worried that lack of funds might prevent their return. He quietly instructed his servants to place the money they had paid back among their belongings. When they arrived home and discovered it, they would feel encouraged to return with Binyamin.
When the brothers asked their father to send Binyamin, Ya'qub expressed his distrust based on past experience. Yet he also acknowledged that neither they nor anyone else held ultimate power—only what Allah wills comes to pass. However, events unfold through human actions, allowing the wicked to reveal themselves through wrongdoing, and the righteous to be recognised through good deeds.
Wa lammaa fatahoo mataa 'ahum wajadoo bidaa'atahum ruddat ilaihim qaaloo yaaa abaanaa maa nabghee; haazihee bida 'atunaa ruddat ilainaa wa nameeru ahlanaa wa nahfazu akhaanaa wa nazdaadu kaila ba'eer; zaalika kailuny yaseer
Then when they opened their baggage, they found their stock-in-trade had been returned to them. They said: "O our father! What [more] can we desire? this our stock-in-trade has been returned to us: so we shall get [more] food for our family; We shall take care of our brother;
and add [at the same time] a full camel's load [of grain to our provisions]. This is but a small quantity.
Commentary of verses 12:65 to 12:66
Upon reaching home and finding their money returned in their grain sacks, the brothers were delighted. They urged their father to send Binyamin with them on the next journey, promising to protect him. They explained that his share would bring an additional camel-load of grain, and what they had brought was insufficient for their needs. It appears that under Yusuf's distribution system, outsiders were limited to one camel-load per person.
[Jacob] said: "Never will I send him with you until you swear a solemn oath to me, in Allah's name, that you will be sure to bring him back to me unless you are yourselves hemmed in [and made powerless]. And when they had sworn their solemn oath, he said: "Over all that we say, be Allah the witness and guardian!"
Commentary of verses 12:65 to 12:66
Upon reaching home and finding their money returned in their grain sacks, the brothers were delighted. They urged their father to send Binyamin with them on the next journey, promising to protect him. They explained that his share would bring an additional camel-load of grain, and what they had brought was insufficient for their needs. It appears that under Yusuf's distribution system, outsiders were limited to one camel-load per person.
Wa qaala yaa baniyya laa tadkhuloo mim baabinw waa hidinw wadkhuloo min abwaabim mutafarriqah; wa maaa ughnee 'ankum minal laahi min shai'in; inil hukmu illaa lillaahi 'alaihi tawakkaltu wa 'alaihi fal yatawakkalil Mutawakkiloon
Further he said: "O my sons! enter not all by one gate: enter you by different gates. Not that I can profit you aught against Allah [with my advice]: None can command except Allah: On Him do I put my trust: and let all that trust put their trust on Him."
Commentary of verses 12:67 to 12:68
Egypt's ancient capital was a walled city with several gates. Jacob advised his sons to enter through different gates rather than all together. This was a precaution, explained in verse 73, to avoid drawing hostile attention. As foreigners with distinct clothing, eleven men arriving as a group would arouse suspicion and risk conflict with locals. By separating, they could pass through quietly.
Jacob's counsel reflected both trust in God and practical wisdom. A believer knows that nothing happens except by divine will, yet this world is a place of trial where causes and effects operate. So Jacob urged worldly caution while reminding his sons that ultimate power belongs only to God. Such balance between reliance on the Almighty and responsible action is the mark of true faith.
Wa lammaa dakhaloo min haisu amarahum aboohum maa kaana yughnee 'anhum minal laahi min shai'in illaa haajatan fee nafsi Ya'qooba qadaahaa; wa innahoo lazoo 'ilmil limaa 'allamnaahu wa laakinna aksaran naasi laa ya'lamoon
And when they entered in the manner their father had enjoined, it did not profit them in the least against [the plan of] Allah: It was but a necessity of Jacob's soul, which he discharged. For he was, by our instruction, full of knowledge [and experience]: but most men know not.
Commentary of verse 12:68
The phrase 'the full measure of His blessings' echoes what was said of Abraham. Both were granted prophethood, though Joseph also received political authority. The greatest blessing, however, was divine guidance itself—prophethood—which secured their elevated rank in the Hereafter. God's guidance is the completion of His favour. It comes directly to His prophets and reaches their sincere followers through them. In this sense, Joseph's blessings were perfected, just as Abraham's had been before him.
Wa lammaa dakhaloo 'alaa Yoosufa aawaaa ilaihi akhaahu qaala inneee ana akhooka falaa tabta'is bimaa kaanoo ya'maloon
Now when they came into Joseph's presence, he received his [full] brother to stay with him. He said [to him]: "And [mention]! I am your [own] brother; so grieve not at aught of their doings."
Commentary of verses 12:69 to 12:75
As Joseph's brothers prepared to leave, Joseph secretly placed his own drinking cup—likely silver—into Benjamin's baggage. Neither Benjamin nor the palace staff knew of this. Soon after, the royal measure used for grain went missing. Suspecting the departing travellers, officials stopped the caravan and questioned them. Joseph's brothers, confident of their innocence, declared that under the law of Abraham, a thief should serve the wronged party for a year. This was their own custom, and they spoke freely, unaware of what lay hidden among their belongings.
At length when he had furnished them forth with provisions [suitable] for them, he put the drinking cup into his brother's saddle-bag. Then shouted out a crier: "O you [in] the caravan! behold! you are thieves, without doubt!"
Commentary of verses 12:69 to 12:75
As Joseph's brothers prepared to leave, Joseph secretly placed his own drinking cup—likely silver—into Benjamin's baggage. Neither Benjamin nor the palace staff knew of this. Soon after, the royal measure used for grain went missing. Suspecting the departing travellers, officials stopped the caravan and questioned them. Joseph's brothers, confident of their innocence, declared that under the law of Abraham, a thief should serve the wronged party for a year. This was their own custom, and they spoke freely, unaware of what lay hidden among their belongings.
They said, turning towards them: "What is it that you miss?"
Commentary of verses 12:69 to 12:75
As Joseph's brothers prepared to leave, Joseph secretly placed his own drinking cup—likely silver—into Benjamin's baggage. Neither Benjamin nor the palace staff knew of this. Soon after, the royal measure used for grain went missing. Suspecting the departing travellers, officials stopped the caravan and questioned them. Joseph's brothers, confident of their innocence, declared that under the law of Abraham, a thief should serve the wronged party for a year. This was their own custom, and they spoke freely, unaware of what lay hidden among their belongings.
Qaaloo nafqidu suwaa'al maliki wa liman jaaa'a bihee himlu ba'eerinw wa ana bihee za'eem
They said: "We miss the great beaker of the king; for him who produces it, is [the reward of] a camel load; I will be bound by it."
Commentary of verses 12:69 to 12:75
As Joseph's brothers prepared to leave, Joseph secretly placed his own drinking cup—likely silver—into Benjamin's baggage. Neither Benjamin nor the palace staff knew of this. Soon after, the royal measure used for grain went missing. Suspecting the departing travellers, officials stopped the caravan and questioned them. Joseph's brothers, confident of their innocence, declared that under the law of Abraham, a thief should serve the wronged party for a year. This was their own custom, and they spoke freely, unaware of what lay hidden among their belongings.
Qaaloo tallaahi laqad 'alimtum maa ji'na linufsida fil ardi wa maa kunnaa saariqeen
[The brothers] said: "By Allah! well you know that we came not to cause corruption in the land, and we are no thieves!"
Commentary of verses 12:69 to 12:75
As Joseph's brothers prepared to leave, Joseph secretly placed his own drinking cup—likely silver—into Benjamin's baggage. Neither Benjamin nor the palace staff knew of this. Soon after, the royal measure used for grain went missing. Suspecting the departing travellers, officials stopped the caravan and questioned them. Joseph's brothers, confident of their innocence, declared that under the law of Abraham, a thief should serve the wronged party for a year. This was their own custom, and they spoke freely, unaware of what lay hidden among their belongings.
[The Egyptians] said: "What then shall be the punishment of this, if you are [proved] to have lied?"
Commentary of verses 12:69 to 12:75
As Joseph's brothers prepared to leave, Joseph secretly placed his own drinking cup—likely silver—into Benjamin's baggage. Neither Benjamin nor the palace staff knew of this. Soon after, the royal measure used for grain went missing. Suspecting the departing travellers, officials stopped the caravan and questioned them. Joseph's brothers, confident of their innocence, declared that under the law of Abraham, a thief should serve the wronged party for a year. This was their own custom, and they spoke freely, unaware of what lay hidden among their belongings.
They said: "The punishment should be that he in whose saddle-bag it is found, should be held [as bondman] to atone for the [crime]. Thus it is we punish the wrongdoers!"
Commentary of verses 12:69 to 12:75
As Joseph's brothers prepared to leave, Joseph secretly placed his own drinking cup—likely silver—into Benjamin's baggage. Neither Benjamin nor the palace staff knew of this. Soon after, the royal measure used for grain went missing. Suspecting the departing travellers, officials stopped the caravan and questioned them. Joseph's brothers, confident of their innocence, declared that under the law of Abraham, a thief should serve the wronged party for a year. This was their own custom, and they spoke freely, unaware of what lay hidden among their belongings.
Fabada-a bi-aw'iyatihim qabla wi'aaa'i akheehi summas takhrajahaa minw wi 'aaa'i akheeh; kazaalika kidnaa li Yoosuf; maa kaana liyaakhuza akhaahu fee deenil maliki illaaa any yashaaa'al laah; narfa'u darajaatim man nashaaa'; wa fawqa kulli zee 'ilmin 'Aleem
So he began [the search] with their baggage, before [he came to] the baggage of his brother: at length he brought it out of his brother's baggage. Thus did We plan for Joseph. He could not take his brother by the law of the king except that Allah willed it [so].
We raise to degrees [of wisdom] whom We please: but over all endued with knowledge is one, the Knowing.
Commentary of verse 12:76
Polytheism means worshipping something other than God to satisfy feelings of devotion. God is humanity's greatest need, and the urge to worship is integral to human nature. No one can live without this need. Going astray does not mean abandoning worship—it means replacing the true God with a false one. That is why Islamic law forbids anything that leads to deviation, diverting our natural desire for God elsewhere.
Polytheists, for instance, set certain animals free in the name of their deities, treating them as sacred. This dilutes the awe and reverence meant exclusively for God, according divinity to objects instead. Satan encourages such practices to weaken human attachment to the Almighty. All feelings of reverence and devotion belong to God alone and must be reserved entirely for Him.
Qaaloo iny yasriq faqad saraqa akhul lahoo min qabl; fa asarrahaa Yoosufu fee nafsihee wa lam yubdihaa lahum; qaala antum sharrum makaananw wallaahu a'lamu bimaa tasifoon
They said: "If he steals, there was a brother of his who did steal before [him]." But these things did Joseph keep locked in his heart, revealing not the secrets to them. He [simply] said [to himself]: "You are the worse situated; and Allah knows best the truth of what you assert!"
Commentary of verses 12:77 to 12:79
Scholars note that as a child, Joseph once removed and destroyed an idol from his grandmother's house, reflecting his rejection of polytheism. His brothers now twisted this memory to slander Benjamin, saying, 'A brother of his also stole before.' Though they addressed Joseph with respectful titles like 'O exalted one,' they maligned their absent sibling without hesitation. Joseph knew Benjamin was innocent—the cup was placed there deliberately—but said nothing. When pressed, he referred carefully to 'the person on whom we found our property,' avoiding any false accusation. He allowed events to unfold as divinely intended, trusting God's plan.
They said: "O exalted one! And [mention]! he has a father, aged and venerable, [who will grieve for him]; so take one of us in his place; for we see that you are [gracious] in doing good."
Commentary of verses 12:77 to 12:79
Scholars note that as a child, Joseph once removed and destroyed an idol from his grandmother's house, reflecting his rejection of polytheism. His brothers now twisted this memory to slander Benjamin, saying, 'A brother of his also stole before.' Though they addressed Joseph with respectful titles like 'O exalted one,' they maligned their absent sibling without hesitation. Joseph knew Benjamin was innocent—the cup was placed there deliberately—but said nothing. When pressed, he referred carefully to 'the person on whom we found our property,' avoiding any false accusation. He allowed events to unfold as divinely intended, trusting God's plan.
He said: "Allah forbid that we take other than him with whom we found our property: indeed [if we did so], we should be acting wrongfully.
Commentary of verses 12:77 to 12:79
Scholars note that as a child, Joseph once removed and destroyed an idol from his grandmother's house, reflecting his rejection of polytheism. His brothers now twisted this memory to slander Benjamin, saying, 'A brother of his also stole before.' Though they addressed Joseph with respectful titles like 'O exalted one,' they maligned their absent sibling without hesitation. Joseph knew Benjamin was innocent—the cup was placed there deliberately—but said nothing. When pressed, he referred carefully to 'the person on whom we found our property,' avoiding any false accusation. He allowed events to unfold as divinely intended, trusting God's plan.
Falammas tay'asoo minhu khalasoo najiyyan qaala kabeeruhum alam ta'lamoon anna abaakum qad akhaza 'alaikum mawsiqam minal laahi wa min qablu maa farrattum fee Yoosufa falan abrahal arda hattaa yaazana leee abeee aw yahkumal laahu lee wa huwa khairul lhaakimeen
Now when they saw no hope of his [yielding], they held a conference in private. The leader among them said: "Know you not that your father did take an oath from you in Allah's name, and how, before this, you did fail in your duty with Joseph? Therefore will I not leave this land until my father permits me, or Allah commands me;
and He is the best to command.
Commentary of verses 12:80 to 12:82
Among Joseph's half-brothers was one who had earlier urged them not to kill Joseph but to leave him in the well for passing travellers. Now in Egypt, this same brother found himself in a similar predicament. He could not bear to return home and face his father again, having already been implicated in losing one brother. Overwhelmed by shame at the prospect of losing another, he separated himself from the group and remained behind.
Irji'ooo ilaaa abeekum faqooloo yaaa abaanaaa innab naka saraq; wa maa shahidnaaa illaa bimaa 'alimnaa wa maa kunnaa lilghaibi haafizeen
"Turn you back to your father, and say, 'O our father! behold! your son committed theft! we bear witness only to what we know, and we could not well guard against the unseen!
Commentary of verses 12:80 to 12:82
Among Joseph's half-brothers was one who had earlier urged them not to kill Joseph but to leave him in the well for passing travellers. Now in Egypt, this same brother found himself in a similar predicament. He could not bear to return home and face his father again, having already been implicated in losing one brother. Overwhelmed by shame at the prospect of losing another, he separated himself from the group and remained behind.
"'Ask at the town where we have been and the caravan in which we returned, and [you will find] we are indeed telling the truth.'"
Commentary of verses 12:80 to 12:82
Among Joseph's half-brothers was one who had earlier urged them not to kill Joseph but to leave him in the well for passing travellers. Now in Egypt, this same brother found himself in a similar predicament. He could not bear to return home and face his father again, having already been implicated in losing one brother. Overwhelmed by shame at the prospect of losing another, he separated himself from the group and remained behind.
Qaala bal sawwalat lakum anfusukum amran fasabrun jameelun 'asal laahu any yaa tiyanee bihim jamee'aa; innahoo Huwal 'Aleemul Hakeem
Jacob said: "Rather, but you have yourselves contrived a story [good enough] for you. So patience is most fitting [for me]. Maybe Allah will bring them [back] all to me [in the end]. For He is indeed full of knowledge and wisdom."
Commentary of verse 12:83
When eating and drinking, people should feel thankful and obedient to God, acknowledging that He has provided these blessings. Such gratitude evokes true devotion to the Creator. But false beliefs distort this mindset. Attention shifts to supposed properties of food and drink, and divine blessings that should inspire thanksgiving instead inspire veneration of material objects. Created things are wrongly accorded the status of Creator.
If God forbids something, it is due to its impurity or His divine law testifying to its uncleanness—such as carrion, blood, swine, or animals sacrificed to idols. In extreme necessity, where life is at stake—severe hunger, illness, or similar emergencies—one may consume otherwise forbidden food. However, it must remain strictly within the limits of necessity, never consumed simply for pleasure.
Wa tawallaa 'anhum wa qaala yaaa asafaa 'alaa Yoosufa wabyaddat 'aynaahu minal huzni fahuwa kazeem
And he turned away from them, and said: "How great is my grief for Joseph!" And his eyes became white with sorrow, and he fell into silent melancholy.
Commentary of verses 12:84 to 12:87
Jacob's grief at losing both sons was deep, yet he never lost hope in God's mercy. He remained certain that Joseph's dream foretold the future and would be fulfilled. Trusting in divine grace, he urged his remaining sons to return to Egypt, search for Joseph, and seek Benjamin's release. His faith sustained him even in sorrow.
They said: "By Allah! [never] will you cease to remember Joseph until you reach the last extremity of illness, or until you die!"
Commentary of verses 12:84 to 12:87
Jacob's grief at losing both sons was deep, yet he never lost hope in God's mercy. He remained certain that Joseph's dream foretold the future and would be fulfilled. Trusting in divine grace, he urged his remaining sons to return to Egypt, search for Joseph, and seek Benjamin's release. His faith sustained him even in sorrow.
Qaala innamaaa ashkoo bassee wa huzneee ilal laahi wa a'lamu minal laahi maa laa ta'lamoon
He said: "I only complain of my distraction and anguish to Allah, and I know from Allah that which you know not..
Commentary of verse 12:86
Joseph did not wish Benjamin to leave. Out of affection, he placed his drinking cup in Benjamin's baggage—just as he had earlier returned his brothers' money without their knowledge. Neither Benjamin nor the court knew of this. Meanwhile, the king's measuring bowl went missing, and officials suspected the departing brothers. When searched, Joseph's cup—not the missing royal measure—was found in Benjamin's pack. The Quran distinguishes these items: Joseph's cup is called siqayah, the king's measure suwa'. The feminine pronoun used confirms it was Joseph's cup that was discovered. This was not Joseph's scheme but divine arrangement. Under Egyptian law, Benjamin would have been punished and sent away, but God decreed otherwise. The Quran states, 'We devised a plan on behalf of Joseph.' It was God's will, not human design, that kept Benjamin with his brother.
Yaa baniyyaz haboo fatahassasoo miny Yoosufa wa akheehi wa laa tai'asoo mir rawhil laahi innahoo laa yai'asu mir rawhil laahi illal qawmul kaafiroon
"O my sons! go you and enquire about Joseph and his brother, and never give up hope of Allah's Soothing Mercy: truly no one despairs of Allah's Soothing Mercy, except those who have no faith."
Commentary of verses 12:84 to 12:87
Jacob's grief at losing both sons was deep, yet he never lost hope in God's mercy. He remained certain that Joseph's dream foretold the future and would be fulfilled. Trusting in divine grace, he urged his remaining sons to return to Egypt, search for Joseph, and seek Benjamin's release. His faith sustained him even in sorrow.
Falammaa dakhaloo 'alaihi qaaloo yaaa ayyuhal 'Azeezu massanaa wa ahlanad durru wa ji'naa bibidaa 'timmuzjaatin fa awfi lanal kaila wa tasaddaq 'alainaa innal laaha yajzil mutasaddiqeen
Then, when they came [back] into (Joseph's) presence they said: "O exalted one! distress has seized us and our family: we have [now] brought but scanty capital: so pay us full measure, [we pray you], and treat it as charity to us: for Allah does reward the charitable."
Commentary of verses 12:88 to 12:90
The central lesson of Joseph's story is clear: God does not let the reward of the righteous and patient go to waste. His tale was preserved to demonstrate that those who trust God and endure hardship with patience will ultimately succeed by His grace. Both Egypt's years of plenty and famine occurred by divine will, as did Joseph's ordeal in the well and his rise to power. God could have granted him authority without trial, but such extraordinary events were needed to illustrate a timeless truth in a world governed by cause and effect. While countless believers receive God's help quietly, Joseph's story became legendary so that its message would endure and inspire generations.
Qaala hal 'alimtum maa fa'altum bi Yoosufa wa akheehi iz antum jaahiloon
He said: "Know you how you dealt with Joseph and his brother, not knowing [what you were doing]?"
Commentary of verses 12:88 to 12:90
The central lesson of Joseph's story is clear: God does not let the reward of the righteous and patient go to waste. His tale was preserved to demonstrate that those who trust God and endure hardship with patience will ultimately succeed by His grace. Both Egypt's years of plenty and famine occurred by divine will, as did Joseph's ordeal in the well and his rise to power. God could have granted him authority without trial, but such extraordinary events were needed to illustrate a timeless truth in a world governed by cause and effect. While countless believers receive God's help quietly, Joseph's story became legendary so that its message would endure and inspire generations.
Qaaloo 'a innaka la anta Yoosufu qaala ana Yoosufu wa haazaaa akhee qad mannal laahu 'alainaa innahoo mai yattaqi wa yasbir fa innal laaha laa yudee'u ajral muhsineen
They said: "Art you indeed Joseph?" He said, "I am Joseph, and this is my brother: Allah has indeed been gracious to us [all]: behold, he that is righteous and patient, never will Allah suffer the reward to be lost, of those who do right."
Commentary of verses 12:88 to 12:90
The central lesson of Joseph's story is clear: God does not let the reward of the righteous and patient go to waste. His tale was preserved to demonstrate that those who trust God and endure hardship with patience will ultimately succeed by His grace. Both Egypt's years of plenty and famine occurred by divine will, as did Joseph's ordeal in the well and his rise to power. God could have granted him authority without trial, but such extraordinary events were needed to illustrate a timeless truth in a world governed by cause and effect. While countless believers receive God's help quietly, Joseph's story became legendary so that its message would endure and inspire generations.
Qaaloo tallaahi laqad aasarakal laahu 'alainaa wa in kunnaa lakhaati'een
They said: "By Allah! indeed has Allah preferred you above us, and we certainly have been guilty of sin!"
Commentary of verses 12:91 to 12:93
When the truth emerged, Joseph's brothers recognised his nobility and openly confessed their wrongdoing. Joseph, embodying the spirit of a true believer, responded with remarkable magnanimity. He harboured no resentment, choosing instead to forgive completely and restore their brotherly bond.
This episode illustrates how divine will and human effort work together. It set in motion events that led the Children of Israel from Palestine to Egypt, where they rose to positions of honour and prosperity. Joseph's elevation enabled his father Jacob's household to relocate to Egypt, where they lived with dignity for the next five centuries. According to Biblical accounts, sixty-seven members of Jacob's family made this historic journey.
Qaala laa tasreeba 'alaikumul yawma yaghfirul laahu lakum wa Huwa arhamur raahimeen
He said: "This day let no reproach be [cast] on you: Allah will forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy!
Commentary of verses 12:91 to 12:93
When the truth emerged, Joseph's brothers recognised his nobility and openly confessed their wrongdoing. Joseph, embodying the spirit of a true believer, responded with remarkable magnanimity. He harboured no resentment, choosing instead to forgive completely and restore their brotherly bond.
This episode illustrates how divine will and human effort work together. It set in motion events that led the Children of Israel from Palestine to Egypt, where they rose to positions of honour and prosperity. Joseph's elevation enabled his father Jacob's household to relocate to Egypt, where they lived with dignity for the next five centuries. According to Biblical accounts, sixty-seven members of Jacob's family made this historic journey.
Izhaboo biqameesee haazaa fa alqoohu 'alaa wajhi abee yaati baseeranw waatoonee bi ahlikum ajma'een
"Go with this my shirt, and cast it over the face of my father: he will come to see [clearly]. Then come you [here] to me together with all your family."
Commentary of verses 12:91 to 12:93
When the truth emerged, Joseph's brothers recognised his nobility and openly confessed their wrongdoing. Joseph, embodying the spirit of a true believer, responded with remarkable magnanimity. He harboured no resentment, choosing instead to forgive completely and restore their brotherly bond.
This episode illustrates how divine will and human effort work together. It set in motion events that led the Children of Israel from Palestine to Egypt, where they rose to positions of honour and prosperity. Joseph's elevation enabled his father Jacob's household to relocate to Egypt, where they lived with dignity for the next five centuries. According to Biblical accounts, sixty-seven members of Jacob's family made this historic journey.
Wa lammaa fasalatil 'eeru qaala aboohum innee la ajidu reeha Yoosufa law laaa an tufannidoon
When the caravan left [Egypt], their father said: "I do indeed scent the presence of Joseph: Rather, think me not a dotard."
Commentary of verse 12:94
Jacob's words here revealed the malice hidden in his sons' hearts. When they departed with Benjamin, they had solemnly promised to protect him. Yet when the cup was found amongst his belongings, they failed to defend him properly. They could have argued that the cup's presence did not prove theft—someone might have planted it, or it could have been packed by mistake. Instead, they reinforced the Egyptians' suspicions by referring to an earlier alleged theft by Benjamin's brother, effectively condemning both brothers without offering any real defence.
They said: "By Allah! truly you are in yours old wandering mind."
Commentary of verses 12:94 to 12:98
Joseph spent over twenty years in neighbouring Egypt, yet Jacob remained unaware of his son's whereabouts. Only in his later years, as Joseph's garment was being brought home, did Jacob perceive its fragrance before it arrived. This demonstrates that prophetic knowledge is not personal ability but divine gift. Had it been otherwise, Jacob would have discovered Joseph's location far sooner. He learned of it only when God chose to reveal it.
The recorded conversations show that Jacob's family did not always regard him with the reverence due to a prophet. This reflects a common tendency: people often venerate past leaders through exaggerated tales and miraculous stories, creating an idealised image. Because living guides do not match these artificial standards, they frequently fail to receive proper recognition from their contemporaries.
Falammaaa an jaaa'albasheeru alqaahu 'alaa wajhihee fartadda baseeran qaala alam aqul lakum inneee a'lamu minal laahi maa laa ta'lamoon
Then when the bearer of the good news came, He cast [the shirt] over his face, and he forthwith regained clear sight. He said: "Did I not say to you, 'I know from Allah that which you know not?'"
Commentary of verses 12:94 to 12:98
Joseph spent over twenty years in neighbouring Egypt, yet Jacob remained unaware of his son's whereabouts. Only in his later years, as Joseph's garment was being brought home, did Jacob perceive its fragrance before it arrived. This demonstrates that prophetic knowledge is not personal ability but divine gift. Had it been otherwise, Jacob would have discovered Joseph's location far sooner. He learned of it only when God chose to reveal it.
The recorded conversations show that Jacob's family did not always regard him with the reverence due to a prophet. This reflects a common tendency: people often venerate past leaders through exaggerated tales and miraculous stories, creating an idealised image. Because living guides do not match these artificial standards, they frequently fail to receive proper recognition from their contemporaries.
They said: "O our father! ask for us forgiveness for our sins, for we were truly at fault."
Commentary of verses 12:94 to 12:98
Joseph spent over twenty years in neighbouring Egypt, yet Jacob remained unaware of his son's whereabouts. Only in his later years, as Joseph's garment was being brought home, did Jacob perceive its fragrance before it arrived. This demonstrates that prophetic knowledge is not personal ability but divine gift. Had it been otherwise, Jacob would have discovered Joseph's location far sooner. He learned of it only when God chose to reveal it.
The recorded conversations show that Jacob's family did not always regard him with the reverence due to a prophet. This reflects a common tendency: people often venerate past leaders through exaggerated tales and miraculous stories, creating an idealised image. Because living guides do not match these artificial standards, they frequently fail to receive proper recognition from their contemporaries.
He said: "Soon will I ask my Lord for forgiveness for you: for he is indeed Forgiving, Most Merciful."
Commentary of verses 12:94 to 12:98
Joseph spent over twenty years in neighbouring Egypt, yet Jacob remained unaware of his son's whereabouts. Only in his later years, as Joseph's garment was being brought home, did Jacob perceive its fragrance before it arrived. This demonstrates that prophetic knowledge is not personal ability but divine gift. Had it been otherwise, Jacob would have discovered Joseph's location far sooner. He learned of it only when God chose to reveal it.
The recorded conversations show that Jacob's family did not always regard him with the reverence due to a prophet. This reflects a common tendency: people often venerate past leaders through exaggerated tales and miraculous stories, creating an idealised image. Because living guides do not match these artificial standards, they frequently fail to receive proper recognition from their contemporaries.
Then when they entered the presence of Joseph, he provided a home for his parents with himself, and said: "Enter you Egypt [all] in safety if it please Allah."
Commentary of verses 12:99 to 12:100
The 'couch' mentioned here refers not to a royal throne but to Joseph's official seat where he conducted his duties. Similarly, the prostration described does not mean lying face down, but rather bowing and kneeling in respectful homage. This form of reverence towards distinguished individuals was customary in ancient times.
Wa raf'a abawaihi 'alal 'arshi wa kharroo lahoo sujjadaa; wa qaala yaaa abati haaza taaweelu ru'yaaya min qablu qad ja'alahaa Rabbee haqqaa; wa qad ahsana beee iz akhrajanee minas sijni wa jaaa'a bikum minal badwi mim ba'di an nazaghash Shaitaanu bainee wa baina ikhwatee; inna Rabbee lateeful limaa yashaaa'; innahoo Huwal 'Aleemul Hakeem
And he raised his parents high on the throne [of dignity], and they fell down in prostration, [all] before him.
He said: "O my father! this is the fulfilment of my vision of old! Allah has made it come true! He was indeed good to me when He took me out of prison and brought you [all here] out of the desert, [even] after Satan had sown enmity between me and my brothers.
Indeed my Lord understands best the mysteries of all that He planns to do, for indeed He is full of knowledge and wisdom.
Commentary of verses 12:99 to 12:100
The 'couch' mentioned here refers not to a royal throne but to Joseph's official seat where he conducted his duties. Similarly, the prostration described does not mean lying face down, but rather bowing and kneeling in respectful homage. This form of reverence towards distinguished individuals was customary in ancient times.
Rabbi qad aataitanee minal mulki wa 'allamtanee min taaweelil ahaadees; faati ras samaawaati wal ardi Anta waliyyee fid dunyaa wal Aakhirati tawaffanee muslimanw wa alhiqnee bissaaliheen
"O my Lord! You have indeed bestowed on me some power, and taught me something of the interpretation of dreams and events, O You Creator of the heavens and the earth! You are my Protector in this world and in the Hereafter. Take You my soul [at death] as one submitting to Your will [as a Muslim], and unite me with the righteous."
Commentary of verse 12:101
Fear also prevents people from acknowledging the truth. Rain is a wonderful blessing, yet thunder and lightning terrify the faint-hearted. God's word revealed to His prophets has a similar effect. On one hand, it promises great success; on the other, acceptance carries temporary risk—losing worldly status, clashing with conventional norms. Such fears cause hesitation or half-hearted movement. But caution cannot help. Those who do not respond to God's call wholeheartedly will be deprived of His blessings in this world and the Hereafter.
Zaalika min ambaaa'il ghaibi nooheehi ilaika wa maa kunta ladaihim iz ajma'ooo amrahum wa hum yamkuroon
Such is one of the stories of what happened unseen, which We reveal by inspiration to you; nor were you [present] with them then when they concerted their plans together in the process of weaving their plots.
Commentary of verses 12:102 to 12:104
Joseph's story proves the Quran's divine origin. These events occurred two and a half thousand years before Prophet Muhammad, who neither witnessed them nor could have read detailed accounts—they existed only in the Torah, accessible to few Jewish scholars before the printing press. The Quran's narrative aligns with the Torah's basic framework yet differs in details, presenting events in a thoroughly rational and natural manner consistent with prophetic character, whilst avoiding the Torah's problematic descriptions and historical errors. For instance, the Bible incorrectly identifies Egypt's ruler as Pharaoh; in truth, the Pharaonic dynasty arose five centuries after Joseph. During his time, Egypt was governed by the Hyksos, an Arab shepherd dynasty.
When compelling evidence appears, people should accept it immediately. Yet denial often stems not from lack of proof but from stubbornness—people reject truth because they choose to. Accepting truth requires humility, which pride makes nearly impossible. The arrogant refuse to yield despite sound reasoning, preferring to diminish truth rather than humble themselves, forgetting that those who remain humble in this world will find honour in the Hereafter, whilst the proud face eternal insignificance.
Yet no faith will the greater part of mankind have, however ardently you do desire it.
Commentary of verses 12:102 to 12:104
Joseph's story proves the Quran's divine origin. These events occurred two and a half thousand years before Prophet Muhammad, who neither witnessed them nor could have read detailed accounts—they existed only in the Torah, accessible to few Jewish scholars before the printing press. The Quran's narrative aligns with the Torah's basic framework yet differs in details, presenting events in a thoroughly rational and natural manner consistent with prophetic character, whilst avoiding the Torah's problematic descriptions and historical errors. For instance, the Bible incorrectly identifies Egypt's ruler as Pharaoh; in truth, the Pharaonic dynasty arose five centuries after Joseph. During his time, Egypt was governed by the Hyksos, an Arab shepherd dynasty.
When compelling evidence appears, people should accept it immediately. Yet denial often stems not from lack of proof but from stubbornness—people reject truth because they choose to. Accepting truth requires humility, which pride makes nearly impossible. The arrogant refuse to yield despite sound reasoning, preferring to diminish truth rather than humble themselves, forgetting that those who remain humble in this world will find honour in the Hereafter, whilst the proud face eternal insignificance.
Wa maa tas'aluhum 'alaihi min ajr; in huwa illaa zikrul lil'aalameen
And no reward do you ask of them for this: it is no less than a message for all creatures.
Commentary of verses 12:102 to 12:104
Joseph's story proves the Quran's divine origin. These events occurred two and a half thousand years before Prophet Muhammad, who neither witnessed them nor could have read detailed accounts—they existed only in the Torah, accessible to few Jewish scholars before the printing press. The Quran's narrative aligns with the Torah's basic framework yet differs in details, presenting events in a thoroughly rational and natural manner consistent with prophetic character, whilst avoiding the Torah's problematic descriptions and historical errors. For instance, the Bible incorrectly identifies Egypt's ruler as Pharaoh; in truth, the Pharaonic dynasty arose five centuries after Joseph. During his time, Egypt was governed by the Hyksos, an Arab shepherd dynasty.
When compelling evidence appears, people should accept it immediately. Yet denial often stems not from lack of proof but from stubbornness—people reject truth because they choose to. Accepting truth requires humility, which pride makes nearly impossible. The arrogant refuse to yield despite sound reasoning, preferring to diminish truth rather than humble themselves, forgetting that those who remain humble in this world will find honour in the Hereafter, whilst the proud face eternal insignificance.
Wa ka ayyim min Aayatin fis samaawaati wal ardi yamurroona 'alaihaa wa hum 'anhaa mu'ridoon
And how many Signs in the heavens and the earth do they pass by? Yet they turn [their faces] away from them!
Commentary of verses 12:105 to 12:108
Those who reject truth often claim insufficient evidence was provided, insisting they would have believed had proper arguments been presented. They blame external factors rather than their own resistance. Yet the opposite is true. When truth appears, all signs in the heavens and earth confirm it, making it the most established fact in existence. What is lacking is not evidence but the observant eye and receptive heart needed to recognise it—precisely what deniers lack.
Arrogance towards truth usually stems from polytheism. Many people acknowledge God yet also revere certain living or deceased figures, granting them positions of greatness. Everyone appoints their own 'great ones' alongside God, relying on them throughout life, though before God all are equally small. Ultimately, only one's personal deeds matter, not the supposed exaltedness of intermediaries.
A prophet's mission calls people to the one true God alone, inspired by profound realisation of truth. This call connects individuals directly with God, its veracity abundantly evident to those with insight. Yet people mistake temporary satisfaction for permanence, though none knows when death will arrive to shatter all claims, or when the upheaval of Judgement will overturn their carefully constructed world. Whilst imagining a certain future, they stand perpetually on the shore of uncertainty.
Wa maa yu'minu aksaru hum billaahi illaa wa hum mushrikoon
And most of them believe not in Allah without associating [other as partners] with Him!
Commentary of verses 12:105 to 12:108
Those who reject truth often claim insufficient evidence was provided, insisting they would have believed had proper arguments been presented. They blame external factors rather than their own resistance. Yet the opposite is true. When truth appears, all signs in the heavens and earth confirm it, making it the most established fact in existence. What is lacking is not evidence but the observant eye and receptive heart needed to recognise it—precisely what deniers lack.
Arrogance towards truth usually stems from polytheism. Many people acknowledge God yet also revere certain living or deceased figures, granting them positions of greatness. Everyone appoints their own 'great ones' alongside God, relying on them throughout life, though before God all are equally small. Ultimately, only one's personal deeds matter, not the supposed exaltedness of intermediaries.
A prophet's mission calls people to the one true God alone, inspired by profound realisation of truth. This call connects individuals directly with God, its veracity abundantly evident to those with insight. Yet people mistake temporary satisfaction for permanence, though none knows when death will arrive to shatter all claims, or when the upheaval of Judgement will overturn their carefully constructed world. Whilst imagining a certain future, they stand perpetually on the shore of uncertainty.
Afa aminooo an taatiya hum ghaashiyatum min 'azaabil laahi aw taatiyahumus Saa'atu baghtatanw wa hum laa yash'uroon
Do they then feel secure from the coming against them of the covering veil of the wrath of Allah, or of the coming against them of the [final] Hour all of a sudden while they perceive not?
Commentary of verses 12:105 to 12:108
Those who reject truth often claim insufficient evidence was provided, insisting they would have believed had proper arguments been presented. They blame external factors rather than their own resistance. Yet the opposite is true. When truth appears, all signs in the heavens and earth confirm it, making it the most established fact in existence. What is lacking is not evidence but the observant eye and receptive heart needed to recognise it—precisely what deniers lack.
Arrogance towards truth usually stems from polytheism. Many people acknowledge God yet also revere certain living or deceased figures, granting them positions of greatness. Everyone appoints their own 'great ones' alongside God, relying on them throughout life, though before God all are equally small. Ultimately, only one's personal deeds matter, not the supposed exaltedness of intermediaries.
A prophet's mission calls people to the one true God alone, inspired by profound realisation of truth. This call connects individuals directly with God, its veracity abundantly evident to those with insight. Yet people mistake temporary satisfaction for permanence, though none knows when death will arrive to shatter all claims, or when the upheaval of Judgement will overturn their carefully constructed world. Whilst imagining a certain future, they stand perpetually on the shore of uncertainty.
Qul haazihee sabeeleee ad'ooo ilal laah; 'alaa baseera tin ana wa manit taba'anee wa Subhaanal laahi wa maaa ana minal mushrikeen
Say you: "This is my way: I do invite to Allah, on evidence clear as the seeing with one's eyes, I and whoever follows me. Glory to Allah! and never will I join gods with Allah!"
Commentary of verses 12:105 to 12:108
Those who reject truth often claim insufficient evidence was provided, insisting they would have believed had proper arguments been presented. They blame external factors rather than their own resistance. Yet the opposite is true. When truth appears, all signs in the heavens and earth confirm it, making it the most established fact in existence. What is lacking is not evidence but the observant eye and receptive heart needed to recognise it—precisely what deniers lack.
Arrogance towards truth usually stems from polytheism. Many people acknowledge God yet also revere certain living or deceased figures, granting them positions of greatness. Everyone appoints their own 'great ones' alongside God, relying on them throughout life, though before God all are equally small. Ultimately, only one's personal deeds matter, not the supposed exaltedness of intermediaries.
A prophet's mission calls people to the one true God alone, inspired by profound realisation of truth. This call connects individuals directly with God, its veracity abundantly evident to those with insight. Yet people mistake temporary satisfaction for permanence, though none knows when death will arrive to shatter all claims, or when the upheaval of Judgement will overturn their carefully constructed world. Whilst imagining a certain future, they stand perpetually on the shore of uncertainty.
Wa maaa arsalnaa min qablika illaa rijaalan nooheee ilaihim min ahlil quraa; afalam yaseeroo fil ardi fa yanzuroo kaifa kaana 'aaqibatul lazeena min qablihim; wa la Daarul Aakhirati Khairul lillazeenat taqaw; afalaa ta'qiloon
Nor did We send before you [as messengers] any but men, whom we did inspire, [men] living in human habitations. Do they not travel through the earth, and see what was the end of those before them? But the home of the hereafter is best, for those who do right. Will you not then understand?
Commentary of verses 12:109 to 12:110
History reveals that even believers in prophethood rejected prophets who emerged from their own communities and stood before them. Past prophets became historically accepted figures, whilst contemporary prophets remained controversial and unproven. Accepting a historical prophet poses no difficulty; recognising a living one proves far harder.
The ruined settlements of 'Ad, Thamud, Midian, and Lot lay scattered across the land surrounding the Quraysh, visible reminders encountered during their travels. These ruins testified silently to divine punishment befalling communities that failed to recognise prophets during their controversial periods. Yet the Quraysh learned nothing, illustrating humanity's weakness: committing wrongs then using feeble arguments to absolve themselves from wrongdoing.
God always aids those who spread His word, but this help brings punishment upon truth's rejecters. Therefore, divine assistance arrives only when missionary efforts reach their final stage. Sometimes this delay frustrates preachers to the point of despair. Yet 'the abode of the Hereafter is better for those who fear God' indicates that God's worldly support for His messengers symbolises His choicest blessings in the Hereafter. Though they triumph in their mission despite conspiracies and opposition, their honour and glory will be perfected and made absolute in the life to come.
Hattaaa izas tai'asar Rusulu wa zannooo annahum qad kuziboo jaaa'ahum nas runaa fanujjiya man nashaaa'u wa laa yuraddu baasunna 'anil qawmil mujrimeen
[Respite will be granted] until, when the messengers give up hope [of their people] and [come to] think that they were treated as liars, there reaches them Our help, and those whom We will are delivered into safety. But never will be warded off our punishment from those who are in sin.
Commentary of verses 12:109 to 12:110
History reveals that even believers in prophethood rejected prophets who emerged from their own communities and stood before them. Past prophets became historically accepted figures, whilst contemporary prophets remained controversial and unproven. Accepting a historical prophet poses no difficulty; recognising a living one proves far harder.
The ruined settlements of 'Ad, Thamud, Midian, and Lot lay scattered across the land surrounding the Quraysh, visible reminders encountered during their travels. These ruins testified silently to divine punishment befalling communities that failed to recognise prophets during their controversial periods. Yet the Quraysh learned nothing, illustrating humanity's weakness: committing wrongs then using feeble arguments to absolve themselves from wrongdoing.
God always aids those who spread His word, but this help brings punishment upon truth's rejecters. Therefore, divine assistance arrives only when missionary efforts reach their final stage. Sometimes this delay frustrates preachers to the point of despair. Yet 'the abode of the Hereafter is better for those who fear God' indicates that God's worldly support for His messengers symbolises His choicest blessings in the Hereafter. Though they triumph in their mission despite conspiracies and opposition, their honour and glory will be perfected and made absolute in the life to come.
Laqad kaana fee qasasihim 'ibratul li ulil albaa; maa kaana hadeesany yuftaraa wa laakin tasdeeqal lazee baina yadihi wa tafseela kulli shai'inw wa hudanw wa rahmatal liqawminy yu'minoon
There is, in their stories, instruction for men endued with understanding. It is not a tale invented, but a confirmation of what went before it, a detailed exposition of all things, and a guide and a mercy to any such as believe.
Commentary of verse 12:111
Fear of God is the essence of worship. As long as this mindset remains, minor mistakes in the order of pilgrimage rites or attending to private business in the holy land do not matter. What matters is entering the spirit of pilgrimage—God-consciousness, remembrance, prayerfulness, gratitude, and wholehearted submission. Pilgrims must avoid anything that contradicts this spirit.
There should be no feelings of superiority over fellow pilgrims; one should 'press on from where the pilgrims stream forth.' Boasting about one's ancestors and their deeds also goes against the spirit of pilgrimage. Hajj glorifies God, not the self. Attitudes of pride have no place in pilgrimage, which teaches the equality of all people before the one, supreme God. If this lesson is not absorbed during Hajj, how can it be applied throughout the rest of life?