Alif-Laaam-Raa; Kitaabun uhkimat Aayaatuhoo summa fussilat mil ladun Hakeemin Khabeer
Alif, Lam, Ra. [This is] a Book, with verses basic or fundamental [of established meaning], further explained in detail, from One Who is Wise and Well-acquainted [with all things]:
Commentary of verses 11:1 to 11:4
The Quran's message is clear: worship God alone. Make Him your everything—fear Him alone, place your hope in Him alone, let your mind and heart obey Him alone. In all your affairs, prioritise His will and pleasure. Accept your position as a worshipper and give God His rightful status as the One worthy of worship.
The Prophet's task is to awaken people to this truth. The Quran expresses this powerfully and lucidly. What is now expected is the right response: to accept the message sincerely, not reject it out of jealousy, pride, self-interest, or stubbornness. Turn to God, seek His forgiveness for past wrongs, and ask for His help going forward.
When food is offered and accepted, it nourishes physical growth. Refusal means stunting that growth. Likewise, accepting the call to Truth is accepting divine nourishment that develops body and soul, ultimately leading to Paradise. Rejecting it deprives the soul of spiritual uplift. The acceptor lives humbly, remembering God constantly and obeying Him always, thereby cultivating a healthy soul worthy of Paradise. The rejecter lives arrogantly, forgetting God, and leaves with a damaged soul deserving only of Hell.
Allaa ta'budooo illal laah; innanee lakum minhu nazeerunw wa basheer
[It teaches] that you should worship none but Allah. [Say]: "Indeed I am [sent] to you from Him to warn and to bring glad tidings:
Commentary of verses 11:1 to 11:4
The Quran's message is clear: worship God alone. Make Him your everything—fear Him alone, place your hope in Him alone, let your mind and heart obey Him alone. In all your affairs, prioritise His will and pleasure. Accept your position as a worshipper and give God His rightful status as the One worthy of worship.
The Prophet's task is to awaken people to this truth. The Quran expresses this powerfully and lucidly. What is now expected is the right response: to accept the message sincerely, not reject it out of jealousy, pride, self-interest, or stubbornness. Turn to God, seek His forgiveness for past wrongs, and ask for His help going forward.
When food is offered and accepted, it nourishes physical growth. Refusal means stunting that growth. Likewise, accepting the call to Truth is accepting divine nourishment that develops body and soul, ultimately leading to Paradise. Rejecting it deprives the soul of spiritual uplift. The acceptor lives humbly, remembering God constantly and obeying Him always, thereby cultivating a healthy soul worthy of Paradise. The rejecter lives arrogantly, forgetting God, and leaves with a damaged soul deserving only of Hell.
Wa anis taghfiroo Rabbakum summa toobooo ilaihi yumatti'kum mataa'an hasanan ilaaa ajalim musammanw wa yu'ti kulla zee fadlin fadlahoo wa in tawallaw fa inneee akhaafu 'alaikum 'azaaba Yawmin Kabeer
"[And to preach thus], 'Seek you the forgiveness of your Lord, and turn to Him in repentance; that He may grant you enjoyment, good [and true], for a term appointed, and bestow His abounding grace on all who abound in merit! But if you turn away, then I fear for you the punishment of a great day:
Commentary of verses 11:1 to 11:4
The Quran's message is clear: worship God alone. Make Him your everything—fear Him alone, place your hope in Him alone, let your mind and heart obey Him alone. In all your affairs, prioritise His will and pleasure. Accept your position as a worshipper and give God His rightful status as the One worthy of worship.
The Prophet's task is to awaken people to this truth. The Quran expresses this powerfully and lucidly. What is now expected is the right response: to accept the message sincerely, not reject it out of jealousy, pride, self-interest, or stubbornness. Turn to God, seek His forgiveness for past wrongs, and ask for His help going forward.
When food is offered and accepted, it nourishes physical growth. Refusal means stunting that growth. Likewise, accepting the call to Truth is accepting divine nourishment that develops body and soul, ultimately leading to Paradise. Rejecting it deprives the soul of spiritual uplift. The acceptor lives humbly, remembering God constantly and obeying Him always, thereby cultivating a healthy soul worthy of Paradise. The rejecter lives arrogantly, forgetting God, and leaves with a damaged soul deserving only of Hell.
Ilal laahi marji'ukum wa Huwa 'alaa kulli shai'in Qadeer
'To Allah is your return, and He is over all things competent.'"
Commentary of verses 11:1 to 11:4
The Quran's message is clear: worship God alone. Make Him your everything—fear Him alone, place your hope in Him alone, let your mind and heart obey Him alone. In all your affairs, prioritise His will and pleasure. Accept your position as a worshipper and give God His rightful status as the One worthy of worship.
The Prophet's task is to awaken people to this truth. The Quran expresses this powerfully and lucidly. What is now expected is the right response: to accept the message sincerely, not reject it out of jealousy, pride, self-interest, or stubbornness. Turn to God, seek His forgiveness for past wrongs, and ask for His help going forward.
When food is offered and accepted, it nourishes physical growth. Refusal means stunting that growth. Likewise, accepting the call to Truth is accepting divine nourishment that develops body and soul, ultimately leading to Paradise. Rejecting it deprives the soul of spiritual uplift. The acceptor lives humbly, remembering God constantly and obeying Him always, thereby cultivating a healthy soul worthy of Paradise. The rejecter lives arrogantly, forgetting God, and leaves with a damaged soul deserving only of Hell.
Alaa innahum yasnoona sudoorahum liyastakhfoo minh; alaa heena yastaghshoona siyaabahum ya'lamu maa yusiroona wa maa yu'linoon; innahoo 'aleemum bizaatis sudoor
And [mention]! they fold up their hearts, that they may lie hid from Him! Ah even when they cover themselves with their garments, He knows what they conceal, and what they reveal: for He knows well the [inmost secrets] of the hearts.
Commentary of verses 11:5 to 11:6
When certain Quraysh chiefs heard the call to God's Oneness, they rose, casually wrapped their mantles around themselves, and left. This gesture was one of dismissal. When someone regards the preacher as beneath him, he behaves in this manner. But he forgets that Almighty God fully knows the psychology behind such arrogance. This is not merely ignoring a man—it is ignoring God Himself, Who knows all things open and hidden.
What will be the condition of such a person when he faces God? He will discover that the God he ignored was the very Being who gave him everything he possessed—including the things that emboldened him to disregard God's message. Man lives in God's world and must ultimately return to Him. Yet he behaves as though he has no connection with God now and will have none in the future.
Wa maa min daaabbatin fil ardi illaa 'alal laahi rizquhaa wa ya'lamu mustaqarrahaa wa mustawda'ahaa; kullun fee Kitaabim Mubeen
There is no moving creature on earth but its provision depends on Allah: He knows the time and place of its definite abode and its temporary deposit: All is in a clear Record.
Commentary of verses 11:5 to 11:6
When certain Quraysh chiefs heard the call to God's Oneness, they rose, casually wrapped their mantles around themselves, and left. This gesture was one of dismissal. When someone regards the preacher as beneath him, he behaves in this manner. But he forgets that Almighty God fully knows the psychology behind such arrogance. This is not merely ignoring a man—it is ignoring God Himself, Who knows all things open and hidden.
What will be the condition of such a person when he faces God? He will discover that the God he ignored was the very Being who gave him everything he possessed—including the things that emboldened him to disregard God's message. Man lives in God's world and must ultimately return to Him. Yet he behaves as though he has no connection with God now and will have none in the future.
Wa Huwal lazee khalaqas samaawaati wal alrda fee sittati aiyaaminw wa kaana 'Arshuhoo alal maaa'i liyablu wakum aiyukum ahsanu 'amalaa; wa la'in qulta innakum mab'oosoona mim ba'dil mawti la yaqoolanal lazeena kafaroo in haazaaa illaa sihrum mubeen
He it is Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days - and His Throne was over the waters - that He might try you, which of you are best in conduct. But if you wert to say to them, "You shall indeed be raised up after death", the Disbelievers would be sure to say, "This is nothing but obvious sorcery!"
Commentary of verses 11:7 to 11:8
God created the present world in six stages. There was a time when its surface was covered entirely with water. Then, at His command, land emerged and water settled into vast hollows, forming seas and oceans. This made it possible for diverse forms of life to exist on Earth.
God has the power to create an ideal world, yet He chose to make this one imperfect so it could serve as a testing ground. His purpose in creating the world and placing humans upon it was to identify those who do good deeds. A 'good deed' is a realistic deed—one performed according to reality, without external compulsion. A realistic person perceives God's hidden hand behind apparent causes, chooses obedience despite having freedom, and submits despite possessing power. The selection of such individuals continues unceasingly. When this period ends, the present system will be replaced by one in which all good things go to the righteous and all bad things to wrongdoers.
God does not punish deniers immediately; He grants them respite to be warned and reform, or finally prove themselves guilty. Some mistake this respite for weakness and grow arrogant. But when God's punishment strikes, they will realise their utter helplessness.
Wala'in akhkharnaa 'anhumul 'azaaba ilaaa ummatim ma'doodatil la yaqoolunna maa yahbisuh; alaa yawma yaateehim laisa masroofan 'anhum wa haaqa bihim maa kaanoo bihee yastahzi'oon
If We delay the punishment for them for a definite term, they are sure to say, "What keeps it back?" Ah! On the day it [actually] reaches them, nothing will turn it away from them, and they will be completely encircled by that which they used to mock at!
Commentary of verses 11:7 to 11:8
God created the present world in six stages. There was a time when its surface was covered entirely with water. Then, at His command, land emerged and water settled into vast hollows, forming seas and oceans. This made it possible for diverse forms of life to exist on Earth.
God has the power to create an ideal world, yet He chose to make this one imperfect so it could serve as a testing ground. His purpose in creating the world and placing humans upon it was to identify those who do good deeds. A 'good deed' is a realistic deed—one performed according to reality, without external compulsion. A realistic person perceives God's hidden hand behind apparent causes, chooses obedience despite having freedom, and submits despite possessing power. The selection of such individuals continues unceasingly. When this period ends, the present system will be replaced by one in which all good things go to the righteous and all bad things to wrongdoers.
God does not punish deniers immediately; He grants them respite to be warned and reform, or finally prove themselves guilty. Some mistake this respite for weakness and grow arrogant. But when God's punishment strikes, they will realise their utter helplessness.
Wa la'in azaqnal insaana minnaa rahmatan summa naza'naahaa minhu, innahoo laya'oosun kafoor
If We give man a taste of Mercy from Ourselves, and then withdraw it from him, behold! he is in despair and [falls into] blasphemy.
Commentary of verses 11:9 to 11:11
In this world, ease and hardship alternate. Neither is given as reward nor imposed as punishment—both are tests. This world is a vast examination hall. Whatever happens is meant to reveal how people respond to different conditions.
The person who fails is the one who becomes proud when granted worldly blessings and behaves arrogantly towards those he considers inferior. Equally, the one who despairs when a blessing is withdrawn or affliction strikes has also failed. Even after loss, much remains that God has given. Yet man fixates on what is gone, behaving as though he has been stripped of everything.
Those who truly live by faith are patient and righteous. Despite setbacks, they maintain emotional balance and moderation. They continue fulfilling their duties to God. Patience means letting principles, not circumstances, shape conduct. Whatever the situation, one must rise above it and view things purely in the light of Truth, living courageously according to faith and moral awareness regardless of conditions. This is piety. Those who establish such piety will share God's bounties in the Hereafter and dwell in His eternal Gardens.
Wala'in azaqnaahu na'maaa'a ba'da darraaa'a massat hu la yaqoolanna zahabas saiyiaatu 'anneee; innahoo lafarihun fakhoor
But if We give him a taste of [Our] favours after adversity has touched him, he is sure to say, "All evil has departed from me:" And [mention]! he falls into exultation and pride.
Commentary of verses 11:9 to 11:11
In this world, ease and hardship alternate. Neither is given as reward nor imposed as punishment—both are tests. This world is a vast examination hall. Whatever happens is meant to reveal how people respond to different conditions.
The person who fails is the one who becomes proud when granted worldly blessings and behaves arrogantly towards those he considers inferior. Equally, the one who despairs when a blessing is withdrawn or affliction strikes has also failed. Even after loss, much remains that God has given. Yet man fixates on what is gone, behaving as though he has been stripped of everything.
Those who truly live by faith are patient and righteous. Despite setbacks, they maintain emotional balance and moderation. They continue fulfilling their duties to God. Patience means letting principles, not circumstances, shape conduct. Whatever the situation, one must rise above it and view things purely in the light of Truth, living courageously according to faith and moral awareness regardless of conditions. This is piety. Those who establish such piety will share God's bounties in the Hereafter and dwell in His eternal Gardens.
Illal lazeena sabaroo wa 'amilus saalihaati ulaaa'ika lahum maghfiratunw wa ajrun kabeer
Not so do those who show patience and constancy, and work righteousness; for them is forgiveness [of sins] and a great reward.
Commentary of verses 11:9 to 11:11
In this world, ease and hardship alternate. Neither is given as reward nor imposed as punishment—both are tests. This world is a vast examination hall. Whatever happens is meant to reveal how people respond to different conditions.
The person who fails is the one who becomes proud when granted worldly blessings and behaves arrogantly towards those he considers inferior. Equally, the one who despairs when a blessing is withdrawn or affliction strikes has also failed. Even after loss, much remains that God has given. Yet man fixates on what is gone, behaving as though he has been stripped of everything.
Those who truly live by faith are patient and righteous. Despite setbacks, they maintain emotional balance and moderation. They continue fulfilling their duties to God. Patience means letting principles, not circumstances, shape conduct. Whatever the situation, one must rise above it and view things purely in the light of Truth, living courageously according to faith and moral awareness regardless of conditions. This is piety. Those who establish such piety will share God's bounties in the Hereafter and dwell in His eternal Gardens.
Fala'allaka taarikum ba'da maa yoohaaa ilaika wa daaa'iqum bihee sadruka ai yaqooloo law laaa unzila 'alaihi kanzun aw jaaa'a ma'ahoo malak; innamaa anta nazeer; wallaahu 'alaa kulli shai'inw wakeel
Perchance you mayest [feel the inclination] to give up a part of what is revealed to you, and your heart feels straitened lest they say, "Why is not a treasure sent down to him, or why does not an angel come down with him?" But you are there only to warn! It is Allah that arrangs all affairs!
Commentary of verses 11:12 to 11:14
When the Prophet Muhammad challenged idolatry and called people to worship God alone, it unsettled those around him. The established leaders of Arabia, long revered for their status, saw their authority questioned by someone they viewed as insignificant. This left the Prophet feeling pressured to soften his message and avoid confrontation. Yet God urged him to proclaim the full truth, regardless of opposition. The ridicule he faced was simply the price of delivering an uncompromised message.
The ultimate proof of the Prophet's truthfulness lay in the extraordinary nature of the Quran itself. His critics were challenged to produce anything like it—something neither they nor their celebrated leaders could do. This inimitability confirmed that his words came from God. Despite such a clear sign, people still hesitated to submit.
Just as earlier communities disagreed over Moses' message, some accepting and others rejecting it, this division arises from lack of sincerity. Those truly seeking truth unite around it; those indifferent fragment into conflicting views. God allows this freedom in the present world as a test, with the Hereafter reserved for final judgement.
Am yaqooloonaf taraahu qul faatoo bi'ashri Suwarim mislihee muftarayaatinw wad'oo manis tata'tum min doonil laahi in kuntum saadiqeen
Or they may say, "He forged it," Say, "Bring you then ten suras forged, like to it, and call [to your aid] whomsoever you can, other than Allah!- If you speak the truth!
Commentary of verses 11:12 to 11:14
When the Prophet Muhammad challenged idolatry and called people to worship God alone, it unsettled those around him. The established leaders of Arabia, long revered for their status, saw their authority questioned by someone they viewed as insignificant. This left the Prophet feeling pressured to soften his message and avoid confrontation. Yet God urged him to proclaim the full truth, regardless of opposition. The ridicule he faced was simply the price of delivering an uncompromised message.
The ultimate proof of the Prophet's truthfulness lay in the extraordinary nature of the Quran itself. His critics were challenged to produce anything like it—something neither they nor their celebrated leaders could do. This inimitability confirmed that his words came from God. Despite such a clear sign, people still hesitated to submit.
Just as earlier communities disagreed over Moses' message, some accepting and others rejecting it, this division arises from lack of sincerity. Those truly seeking truth unite around it; those indifferent fragment into conflicting views. God allows this freedom in the present world as a test, with the Hereafter reserved for final judgement.
Fa il lam yastajeeboo lakum fa'lamooo annamaaa unzilla bi'ilmil laahi wa al laaa ilaaha illaa Huwa fahal antum muslimoon
"If then they [your false gods] answer not your [call], know you that this revelation is sent down [replete] with the knowledge of Allah, and that there is no god but He! will you even then submit [to Islam]?"
Commentary of verse 11:14
Throughout history, communities have responded to divine guidance with differing opinions. Some accept the message, while others reject it. This split stems from the sincerity—or lack thereof—of the listeners. Those who are genuinely serious will carefully reflect and arrive at the correct understanding, naturally reaching agreement. Those who are careless, however, will interpret the message according to their own whims, leading to conflicting views. This pattern appeared with all the prophets.
God permits this freedom because the present world is designed for action and testing, while the Hereafter is reserved for reward or punishment. People are granted time and space to choose their path, not because God is constrained, but because this is the divine plan—a test to distinguish the sincere from the indifferent.
Man kaana yureedul hayaatad dunyaa zeenatahaa nuwaffi ilaihim a'maa lahum feehaa wa hum feehaa laa yubkhasoon
Those who desire the life of the present and its glitter, to them we shall pay [the price of] their deeds therein, without diminution.
Commentary of verses 11:15 to 11:16
Religion takes two forms: pure and corrupted. The corrupted version blends faith with worldly interests, yet still wears the label of religion. Throughout history, it has given rise to grand institutions through which powerful figures secure material benefits under the guise of piety. Pure religion, by contrast, offers only truth—it brings no immediate wealth, power or prestige.
When the call to pure faith reaches those benefiting from corrupted religion, they recoil. Accepting it would mean losing their status and comforts. These individuals may engage in religious rituals, but their true motive is worldly gain. The message of truth exposes them. In doing so, it becomes a test: the sincere welcome it and are willing to sacrifice for it, while the insincere resist, clinging only to what protects their interests. Such self-serving devotion may bring worldly success, but it holds no value in the Hereafter.
Ulaaa'ikal lazeena laisa lahum fil Aakhirati illan Naaru wa habita maa sana'oo feehaa wa baatilum maa kaanoo ya'maloon
They are those for whom there is nothing in the Hereafter but the Fire: vain are the designs they frame therein, and of no effect and the deeds that they do!
Commentary of verses 11:15 to 11:16
Religion takes two forms: pure and corrupted. The corrupted version blends faith with worldly interests, yet still wears the label of religion. Throughout history, it has given rise to grand institutions through which powerful figures secure material benefits under the guise of piety. Pure religion, by contrast, offers only truth—it brings no immediate wealth, power or prestige.
When the call to pure faith reaches those benefiting from corrupted religion, they recoil. Accepting it would mean losing their status and comforts. These individuals may engage in religious rituals, but their true motive is worldly gain. The message of truth exposes them. In doing so, it becomes a test: the sincere welcome it and are willing to sacrifice for it, while the insincere resist, clinging only to what protects their interests. Such self-serving devotion may bring worldly success, but it holds no value in the Hereafter.
Afaman kaana 'alas baiyinatim mir Rabbihee wa yatloohu shaahidum minhu wa min qablihee Kitaabu Moosaaa imaamanw wa rahmah; ulaaa 'ika yu'minoona bih; wa mai yakfur bihee minal Ahzaabi fan Naaru maw'iduh; falaa taku fee miryatim minh; innahul haqqu mir Rabbika wa laakinna aksaran naasi laa yu'minoon
Can they be [like] those who accept a Clear [Sign] from their Lord, and whom a witness from Himself does teach, as did the Book of Moses before it, a guide and a mercy? They believe therein; but those of the Sects that reject it, the Fire will be their promised meeting-place.
Be not then in doubt thereon: for it is the truth from your Lord: yet many among men do not believe!
Commentary of verses 11:17 to 11:18
Each community claimed exclusive access to truth. The Israelites pointed to their prophets and saints. Christians believed their status came from God's 'beloved son'. Makkan polytheists saw themselves as superior because they guarded the Sacred House. Every group created its own standards, which conveniently proved them right and everyone else wrong.
Yet their behaviour contradicted their claims. They split into sects despite allegiance to divine scriptures. They blocked others from houses of worship under the pretence of protecting sanctity—but preventing worship is what truly destroys sacred places. A genuine worshipper would never deny others the right to pray. True awareness of God's greatness brings humility, not harm. When someone truly grasps their helplessness before the Almighty, they treat others with respect and never obstruct the fundamental human right to worship.
Wa man azlamu mimmanif taraa 'alal laahi kazibaa; ulaaa'ika yu'radoona 'alaa Rabbihim wa yaqoolul ashhaa duhaaa'ulaaa'il lazeena kazaboo 'alaa Rabbihim; alaa la'natul laahi alaz zaalimeen
Who does more wrong than those who invent a life against Allah? They will be turned back to the presence of their Lord, and the witnesses will say, "These are the ones who lied against their Lord! And [mention]! the Curse of Allah is on those who do wrong!-
Commentary of verses 11:17 to 11:18
Each community claimed exclusive access to truth. The Israelites pointed to their prophets and saints. Christians believed their status came from God's 'beloved son'. Makkan polytheists saw themselves as superior because they guarded the Sacred House. Every group created its own standards, which conveniently proved them right and everyone else wrong.
Yet their behaviour contradicted their claims. They split into sects despite allegiance to divine scriptures. They blocked others from houses of worship under the pretence of protecting sanctity—but preventing worship is what truly destroys sacred places. A genuine worshipper would never deny others the right to pray. True awareness of God's greatness brings humility, not harm. When someone truly grasps their helplessness before the Almighty, they treat others with respect and never obstruct the fundamental human right to worship.
Allazeena yasuddoona 'an sabeelil laahi wa yabghoonahaa 'iwajanw wa hum bil Aakhiratihum kaafiroon
"Those who would hinder [men] from the path of Allah and would seek in it something crooked: these were they who denied the Hereafter!"
Commentary of verses 11:19 to 11:22
People reject or trivialise God's message because they lack real belief in the Hereafter and feel no fear of divine accountability. Without sincerity or seriousness, they fail to respond appropriately to the truth. But on the Day of Judgement, this will change. Their freedom will be stripped away, and the worldly resources that once made them arrogant will testify against them. It will become clear that their rejection of God's messenger was not due to misunderstanding, but to indifference.
In that moment of helplessness, everything will suddenly make sense. God has blessed humanity with the ability to understand deeply—abilities people readily use for worldly gain. Yet when it comes to matters of the Hereafter, they become wilfully blind and deaf. Success, whether in this world or the next, depends entirely on sincerity. Those serious about worldly affairs succeed in them; likewise, those sincere about the Hereafter will find success there.
Ulaaa'ika lam yakoonoo mu'jizeena fil ardi wa maa kaana lahum min doonil laahi min awliyaaa'; yudaa'afu lahumul 'azaab; maa kaanoo yastatee'oonas sam'a wa maa kaanoo yubsiroon
They will in no wise frustrate [His design] on earth, nor have they protectors besides Allah! Their punishment will be doubled! They lost the power to hear, and they did not see!
Commentary of verses 11:19 to 11:22
People reject or trivialise God's message because they lack real belief in the Hereafter and feel no fear of divine accountability. Without sincerity or seriousness, they fail to respond appropriately to the truth. But on the Day of Judgement, this will change. Their freedom will be stripped away, and the worldly resources that once made them arrogant will testify against them. It will become clear that their rejection of God's messenger was not due to misunderstanding, but to indifference.
In that moment of helplessness, everything will suddenly make sense. God has blessed humanity with the ability to understand deeply—abilities people readily use for worldly gain. Yet when it comes to matters of the Hereafter, they become wilfully blind and deaf. Success, whether in this world or the next, depends entirely on sincerity. Those serious about worldly affairs succeed in them; likewise, those sincere about the Hereafter will find success there.
Ulaaa'ikal lazeena khasirooo anfusahum wa dalla 'anhum maa kaanoo yaftaroon
They are the ones who have lost their own souls: and the [fancies] they invented have left them in the lurch!
Commentary of verses 11:19 to 11:22
People reject or trivialise God's message because they lack real belief in the Hereafter and feel no fear of divine accountability. Without sincerity or seriousness, they fail to respond appropriately to the truth. But on the Day of Judgement, this will change. Their freedom will be stripped away, and the worldly resources that once made them arrogant will testify against them. It will become clear that their rejection of God's messenger was not due to misunderstanding, but to indifference.
In that moment of helplessness, everything will suddenly make sense. God has blessed humanity with the ability to understand deeply—abilities people readily use for worldly gain. Yet when it comes to matters of the Hereafter, they become wilfully blind and deaf. Success, whether in this world or the next, depends entirely on sincerity. Those serious about worldly affairs succeed in them; likewise, those sincere about the Hereafter will find success there.
Without a doubt, these are the very ones who will lose most in the Hereafter!
Commentary of verses 11:19 to 11:22
People reject or trivialise God's message because they lack real belief in the Hereafter and feel no fear of divine accountability. Without sincerity or seriousness, they fail to respond appropriately to the truth. But on the Day of Judgement, this will change. Their freedom will be stripped away, and the worldly resources that once made them arrogant will testify against them. It will become clear that their rejection of God's messenger was not due to misunderstanding, but to indifference.
In that moment of helplessness, everything will suddenly make sense. God has blessed humanity with the ability to understand deeply—abilities people readily use for worldly gain. Yet when it comes to matters of the Hereafter, they become wilfully blind and deaf. Success, whether in this world or the next, depends entirely on sincerity. Those serious about worldly affairs succeed in them; likewise, those sincere about the Hereafter will find success there.
Innal lazeena aamanoo wa 'amilus saalihaati wa akhbatooo ilaa Rabbihim ulaaa'ika Ashaabul Jannati hum feehaa khaalidoon
But those who believe and work righteousness, and humble themselves before their Lord, They will be companions of Paradises, to dwell therein for aye!
Commentary of verses 11:23 to 11:24
True faith is rooted in humility. It is not inherited or recited—it is discovered. When a person becomes truly aware of God's greatness and recognises their own helplessness in comparison, a profound sense of humility takes hold. This humility is the inevitable result of recognising one's utter dependence on the Almighty.
Faith, humility and righteous action are inseparable. Faith is the conscious recognition of God and His perfection. Humility is the heartfelt response to that recognition. When the mind and heart are filled with awareness of God, righteous deeds naturally follow. The person who embodies all three is the one God desires, and such a person will dwell eternally in Paradise.
This world has been designed as the ultimate test to see who uses their faculties—hearing, sight and reason—to discover the truth and live accordingly. These are the sincere ones. Others neglect these gifts, fail to find the truth, and therefore do not live by it. They are spiritually blind and deaf. These two groups are fundamentally different, and their final destinations cannot be the same.
These two kinds [of men] may be compared to the blind and deaf, and those who can see and hear well. Are they equal when compared? Will you not then take heed?
Commentary of verses 11:23 to 11:24
True faith is rooted in humility. It is not inherited or recited—it is discovered. When a person becomes truly aware of God's greatness and recognises their own helplessness in comparison, a profound sense of humility takes hold. This humility is the inevitable result of recognising one's utter dependence on the Almighty.
Faith, humility and righteous action are inseparable. Faith is the conscious recognition of God and His perfection. Humility is the heartfelt response to that recognition. When the mind and heart are filled with awareness of God, righteous deeds naturally follow. The person who embodies all three is the one God desires, and such a person will dwell eternally in Paradise.
This world has been designed as the ultimate test to see who uses their faculties—hearing, sight and reason—to discover the truth and live accordingly. These are the sincere ones. Others neglect these gifts, fail to find the truth, and therefore do not live by it. They are spiritually blind and deaf. These two groups are fundamentally different, and their final destinations cannot be the same.
Wa laqad arsalnaa Noohan ilaa qawmihee innee lakum nazeerum mubeen
We sent Noah to his people [with a mission]: "I have come to you with a Clear Warning:
Commentary of verses 11:25 to 11:27
Throughout history, God has sent prophets to explain the purpose of creation: this world is a test, and though people are free to worship anything, the test is to choose worship of God alone. Those who fail face severe consequences in the Hereafter. This was precisely the message Noah brought to his people as a clear warning, yet they rejected him.
The reason for this rejection lies in humanity's tendency to judge by appearances. People across all ages go astray in the same way: they measure truth by worldly standards. Consciously or not, they assume that whoever possesses wealth and status must possess truth, while those lacking worldly glory must lack truth as well.
When God's messenger appears, he seems to his contemporaries like any other person—without material grandeur. Since his message offers no immediate worldly benefit, it is often the poor and dispossessed who first embrace it, having nothing to lose. For the elite, this becomes a stumbling block. Observing the lowly status of the believers, they dismiss the message entirely, even going so far as to brand them liars and frauds.
"That you serve none but Allah: Indeed I do fear for you the punishment of a grievous day."
Commentary of verses 11:25 to 11:27
Throughout history, God has sent prophets to explain the purpose of creation: this world is a test, and though people are free to worship anything, the test is to choose worship of God alone. Those who fail face severe consequences in the Hereafter. This was precisely the message Noah brought to his people as a clear warning, yet they rejected him.
The reason for this rejection lies in humanity's tendency to judge by appearances. People across all ages go astray in the same way: they measure truth by worldly standards. Consciously or not, they assume that whoever possesses wealth and status must possess truth, while those lacking worldly glory must lack truth as well.
When God's messenger appears, he seems to his contemporaries like any other person—without material grandeur. Since his message offers no immediate worldly benefit, it is often the poor and dispossessed who first embrace it, having nothing to lose. For the elite, this becomes a stumbling block. Observing the lowly status of the believers, they dismiss the message entirely, even going so far as to brand them liars and frauds.
Faqaalal mala ul lazeena kafaroo min qawmihee ma naraaka illaa basharam mislanaa wa maa naraakat taba'aka illal lazeena hum araazilunaa baadiyar raayi wa maa naraa lakum 'alainaa min fadlim bal nazunnukum kaazibeen
But the chiefs of the Disbelievers among his people said: "We see [in] you nothing but a man like ourselves: Nor do we see that any follow you but the meanest among us, in judgement immature: Nor do we see in you [all] any merit above us: in fact we think you are liars!"
Commentary of verses 11:25 to 11:27
Throughout history, God has sent prophets to explain the purpose of creation: this world is a test, and though people are free to worship anything, the test is to choose worship of God alone. Those who fail face severe consequences in the Hereafter. This was precisely the message Noah brought to his people as a clear warning, yet they rejected him.
The reason for this rejection lies in humanity's tendency to judge by appearances. People across all ages go astray in the same way: they measure truth by worldly standards. Consciously or not, they assume that whoever possesses wealth and status must possess truth, while those lacking worldly glory must lack truth as well.
When God's messenger appears, he seems to his contemporaries like any other person—without material grandeur. Since his message offers no immediate worldly benefit, it is often the poor and dispossessed who first embrace it, having nothing to lose. For the elite, this becomes a stumbling block. Observing the lowly status of the believers, they dismiss the message entirely, even going so far as to brand them liars and frauds.
Qaala yaa qawmi ara'aitum in kuntu 'alaa baiyinatim mir Rabbee wa aataanee rahmatam min 'indihee fa'um miyat 'alaikum anulzimuku moohaa wa antum lahaa kaarihoon
He said: "O my people! See you if [it be that] I have a Clear Sign from my Lord, and that He has sent Mercy to me from His own presence, but that the Mercy has been obscured from your sight? shall we compel you to accept it when you are averse to it?
Commentary of verses 11:28 to 11:29
When a prophet preaches, he stands on two foundations: clear reasoning and divine guidance. After the prophets, a true preacher continues to rely on these same two things, though his inspiration comes indirectly through the Prophet rather than directly from God.
When a community dismisses God's messenger, judging him by worldly standards and finding nothing of apparent value, they overlook the immense treasures he truly offers—compelling argument and divine guidance. These constitute his real greatness, an inner and intangible greatness that far surpasses material wealth. But how can those fixated on outward appearances ever recognise or appreciate such hidden worth?
Wa yaa qawmi laaa as'alukum 'alaihi maalan in ajriya illaa 'alal laah; wa maaa ana bitaaridil lazeena aamanoo; innahum mulaaqoo Rabbihim wa laakinneee araakum qawman tajhaloon
"And O my people! I ask you for no wealth in return: my reward is from none but Allah: But I will not drive away [in contempt] those who believe: for indeed they are to meet their Lord, and you I see are the ignorant ones!
Commentary of verses 11:28 to 11:29
When a prophet preaches, he stands on two foundations: clear reasoning and divine guidance. After the prophets, a true preacher continues to rely on these same two things, though his inspiration comes indirectly through the Prophet rather than directly from God.
When a community dismisses God's messenger, judging him by worldly standards and finding nothing of apparent value, they overlook the immense treasures he truly offers—compelling argument and divine guidance. These constitute his real greatness, an inner and intangible greatness that far surpasses material wealth. But how can those fixated on outward appearances ever recognise or appreciate such hidden worth?
Wa yaa qawmi mai yansurunee minal laahi in tarattuhum; afalaa tazak karoon
"And O my people! who would help me against Allah if I drove them away? Will you not then take heed?
Commentary of verses 11:30 to 11:31
The task of calling people to God is entirely focused on the Hereafter. For it to succeed, there must be no material disputes—over money, land or property—between the preacher and his audience. The preacher must take full responsibility for maintaining a peaceful atmosphere, unilaterally setting aside all worldly conflicts. A preacher who demands truth on one hand while agitating for worldly gains on the other is not sincere, but a fraud. Such a person holds no value in the eyes of people or of God.
The test for the listener is to recognise the greatness of truth in an ordinary person. The test for the preacher is not to favour the wealthy and powerful while dismissing the humble believer. If a preacher does so, his words about the Hereafter contradict his actions, which reveal that he values this world more. Such inconsistency renders his message worthless.
Wa laa aqoolu lakum 'indee khazaa'inul laahi wa laaa a'lamul ghaiba wa laa aqoolu inee malakunw wa laaa aqoolu lillazeena tazdareee a'yunukum lai yu'tiyahumul laahu khairan Allaahu a'lamu bimaa feee anfusihim innee izal laminaz zaalimeen
"I tell you not that with me are the treasures of Allah, nor do I know what is hidden, nor claim I to be an angel. Nor yet do I say, of those whom your eyes do despise that Allah will not grant them [all] that is good: Allah knows best what is in their souls: I should, if I did, indeed be a wrong-doer."
Commentary of verses 11:30 to 11:31
The task of calling people to God is entirely focused on the Hereafter. For it to succeed, there must be no material disputes—over money, land or property—between the preacher and his audience. The preacher must take full responsibility for maintaining a peaceful atmosphere, unilaterally setting aside all worldly conflicts. A preacher who demands truth on one hand while agitating for worldly gains on the other is not sincere, but a fraud. Such a person holds no value in the eyes of people or of God.
The test for the listener is to recognise the greatness of truth in an ordinary person. The test for the preacher is not to favour the wealthy and powerful while dismissing the humble believer. If a preacher does so, his words about the Hereafter contradict his actions, which reveal that he values this world more. Such inconsistency renders his message worthless.
Qaaloo yaa Noohu qad jaadaltanaa fa aksarta jidaalanaa faatinaa bimaa ta'idunaaa in kunta minas saadiqeen
They said: "O Noah! you have disputed with us, and [much] have you prolonged the dispute with us: now bring upon us what you threatenest us with, if you speakest the truth!?"
Commentary of verses 11:32 to 11:34
Noah conveyed his message with sincerity and clarity, yet his people perceived his earnest call as pointless argument. When personal pride is wounded, people lose objectivity and refuse to consider truth on its merits. Instead of reflecting on his reasoning, they mocked him and sarcastically demanded the punishment he warned of, believing themselves untouchable.
Noah explained that their dismissal stemmed from viewing him as merely human. Had they considered the message in light of God's power, they would have recognised the certainty of divine retribution. The effectiveness of a prophet's call depends on listeners assessing the content, not the messenger's worldly status. Since they judged him by appearance alone, Noah urged them to wait for the Day when God's reality would confront them directly.
Qaala innamaa yaateekum bihil laahu in shaaa'a wa maaa antum bimu'jizeen
He said: "Truly, Allah will bring it on you if He wills, and then, you will not be able to frustrate it!
Commentary of verse 11:33
When the Prophet Muhammad called people to monotheism, few responded, just as in every era. God has fashioned every human with an innate sense of truth. Creation itself proclaims His existence, and prophets have consistently conveyed His message throughout history. Sincere seekers recognise truth when it is presented, for it resonates with their nature.
Most people, however, are preoccupied with fleeting concerns and superficial pursuits, leaving no room for serious reflection. When truth arrives, they fail to recognise it, their corrupted instincts leading them to reject or oppose it. Such individuals have neglected God and His design. Despite the testimony of human nature, the universe, and previous scriptures affirming the Quran's authenticity, many still reject it. The fault lies not in the Quran, but in those who dismiss it without genuine consideration.
Wa laa yanfa'ukum nusheee in arattu an ansaha lakum in kaanal laahu yureedu ai yughwi yakum; Huwa Rabbukum wa ilaihi turja'oon
"Of no profit will be my counsel to you, much as I desire to give you [good] counsel, if it be that Allah wills to leave you astray: He is your Lord! and to Him will you return!"
Commentary of verse 11:34
The accusation of fabrication concerned not God's existence, but His message. God communicated through a human being, whose outward appearance was ordinary, yet whose words carried divine grandeur. Had people considered the content rather than the messenger's worldly position, they would have recognised God's presence in it. Instead, their superficial judgement blinded them. They saw an 'ordinary' man and dismissed the extraordinary message he brought, heaping scorn and baseless objections upon it, treating it as insignificant.
Am yaqooloonaf taraahu qul inif taraituhoo fa'alaiya ijraamee wa ana bareee'um mimmaa tujrimoon
Or do they say, "He has forged it"? Say: "If I had forged it, on me were my sin! and I am free of the sins of which you are guilty!
Commentary of verses 11:35 to 11:37
Noah's opponents did not deny revelation itself; they accepted previous prophets. Their issue was not with divine communication, but with the recipient. They could not reconcile the messenger's humble appearance with God's choice. Noah declared his innocence, stating that if he had invented the message, he would bear the sin, but he was free of their wrongdoing.
These are words of parting, spoken when reasoning has been exhausted. When clarity fails to convince, the preacher can only affirm his conviction and step back, acknowledging that both he and his audience will ultimately stand before their Lord, where each will be judged according to their deeds. After all explanations are given, silence and faith remain the only options.
Wa oohiya ilaa Noohin annahoo lany-yu'mina min qawmika illaa man qad aamana falaa tabta'is bimaa kaanoo yaf'aloon
It was revealed to Noah: "None of your people will believe except those who have believed already! So grieve no longer over their [evil] deeds.
Commentary of verses 11:35 to 11:37
Noah's opponents did not deny revelation itself; they accepted previous prophets. Their issue was not with divine communication, but with the recipient. They could not reconcile the messenger's humble appearance with God's choice. Noah declared his innocence, stating that if he had invented the message, he would bear the sin, but he was free of their wrongdoing.
These are words of parting, spoken when reasoning has been exhausted. When clarity fails to convince, the preacher can only affirm his conviction and step back, acknowledging that both he and his audience will ultimately stand before their Lord, where each will be judged according to their deeds. After all explanations are given, silence and faith remain the only options.
Wasna'il fulka bi-a'yuninaa wa wahyinaa wa laa tukhaa tibnee fil lazeena zalamoo; innahum mughraqoon
"But construct an Ark under Our eyes and Our inspiration, and address Me no [further] on behalf of those who are in sin: for they are about to be overwhelmed [in the Flood]."
Commentary of verses 11:35 to 11:37
Noah's opponents did not deny revelation itself; they accepted previous prophets. Their issue was not with divine communication, but with the recipient. They could not reconcile the messenger's humble appearance with God's choice. Noah declared his innocence, stating that if he had invented the message, he would bear the sin, but he was free of their wrongdoing.
These are words of parting, spoken when reasoning has been exhausted. When clarity fails to convince, the preacher can only affirm his conviction and step back, acknowledging that both he and his audience will ultimately stand before their Lord, where each will be judged according to their deeds. After all explanations are given, silence and faith remain the only options.
Wa yasn'ul fulka wa kullamaa marra 'alaihi malaum min qawmihee sakhiroo minh; qaala in taskharoo minnaa fa innaa naskharu minkum kamaa taskharoon
Forthwith he [starts] constructing the Ark: Every time that the chiefs of his people passed by him, they threw ridicule on him. He said: "If you ridicule us now, we [in our turn] can look down on you with ridicule likewise!
Commentary of verses 11:38 to 11:39
True faith requires conscious, willing acceptance. Those who reject it after sincere efforts prove unready to submit voluntarily. For them, the next stage involves losing their freedom and facing God's majesty directly, compelled to accept as criminals what they refused as believers, and endure fitting punishment for their arrogance.
After centuries of Noah's preaching, this moment arrived. He was instructed to build an Ark to shelter believers from the coming flood. Construction took years, and as Noah worked, his scornful community ridiculed him, viewing the punishment as imaginary and the Ark as absurd. Judging by appearances, they saw temporary worldly success as proof of righteousness. Yet those aware of moral laws recognised their prosperity as a prelude to ultimate destruction. They mocked Noah, but were themselves about to become objects of ridicule.
Fasawfa ta'lamoona mai yaateehi 'azaabuny yaukhzeehi wa yahillu 'alaihi 'azaabum muqeem
"But soon will you know who it is on whom will descend a punishment that will cover them with shame, on whom will be unloosed a punishment lasting:"
Commentary of verses 11:38 to 11:39
True faith requires conscious, willing acceptance. Those who reject it after sincere efforts prove unready to submit voluntarily. For them, the next stage involves losing their freedom and facing God's majesty directly, compelled to accept as criminals what they refused as believers, and endure fitting punishment for their arrogance.
After centuries of Noah's preaching, this moment arrived. He was instructed to build an Ark to shelter believers from the coming flood. Construction took years, and as Noah worked, his scornful community ridiculed him, viewing the punishment as imaginary and the Ark as absurd. Judging by appearances, they saw temporary worldly success as proof of righteousness. Yet those aware of moral laws recognised their prosperity as a prelude to ultimate destruction. They mocked Noah, but were themselves about to become objects of ridicule.
Hattaaa izaa jaaa'a amrunaa wa faarat tannooru qulnah mil feehaa min kullin zawjainis naini wa ahlaka illaa man sabaqa 'alaihil qawlu wa man aaman; wa maaa aamana ma'ahooo illaa qaleel
At length, behold! there came Our command, and the fountains of the earth gushed forth! We said: "Embark therein, of each kind two, male and female, and your family - except those against whom the word has already gone forth, and the Believers." but only a few believed with him.
Commentary of verses 11:40 to 11:41
When the Ark was complete, God sent fierce winds. Waters surged from the earth and rain poured relentlessly until everything was submerged. The arrogant perished, while a few humans and animals aboard the Ark survived. Even Noah's son drowned. In God's judgement, worth is determined by deeds, not lineage, even if one is related to a prophet. Once the destined had perished, God commanded the storm to cease. The waters receded into seas and rivers, and the earth became habitable once more.
Wa qaalar kaboo feehaa bismil laahi majraihaa wa mursaahaa; inna Rabbee la Ghafoorur Raheem
So he said: "Embark you on the Ark, In the name of Allah, whether it move or be at rest! For my Lord is, be sure, Forgiving, Most Merciful!"
Commentary of verses 11:40 to 11:41
When the Ark was complete, God sent fierce winds. Waters surged from the earth and rain poured relentlessly until everything was submerged. The arrogant perished, while a few humans and animals aboard the Ark survived. Even Noah's son drowned. In God's judgement, worth is determined by deeds, not lineage, even if one is related to a prophet. Once the destined had perished, God commanded the storm to cease. The waters receded into seas and rivers, and the earth became habitable once more.
Wa hiya tajree bihim fee mawjin kaljibaali wa naadaa Noohunib nahoo wa kaana fee ma'ziliny yaa bunai yarkam ma'anaa wa laa takum ma'al kaafireen
So the Ark floated with them on the waves [towering] like mountains, and Noah called out to his son, who had separated himself [from the rest]: "O my son! embark with us, and be not with the disbelievers!"
Commentary of verses 11:42 to 11:44
During Noah's flood, a remarkable phenomenon occurred: those who sought refuge on high peaks drowned, while those on the Ark, tossed by a violent sea, survived. The difference lay not in the peaks or the Ark themselves, but in God's will. Had God decreed, the peaks could have saved their occupants and the Ark's passengers perished. But God's command rested with the Ark, so its passengers were spared, and others drowned.
The system of cause and effect in this world is merely a veil. Behind it, everything occurs by God's direct command. Humanity's test is to see beyond appearances and recognise the divine power operating behind seeming causes.
Qaala sa aaweee ilaa jabaliny ya'simunee minal maaa'; qaala laa 'aasimal yawma min amril laahi illaa mar rahim; wa haala bainahumal mawju fakaana minal mughraqeen
The son replied: "I will betake myself to some mountain: it will save me from the water." Noah said: "This day nothing can save, from the command of Allah, any but those on whom He has mercy! "And the waves came between them, and the son was among those overwhelmed in the Flood.
Commentary of verses 11:42 to 11:44
During Noah's flood, a remarkable phenomenon occurred: those who sought refuge on high peaks drowned, while those on the Ark, tossed by a violent sea, survived. The difference lay not in the peaks or the Ark themselves, but in God's will. Had God decreed, the peaks could have saved their occupants and the Ark's passengers perished. But God's command rested with the Ark, so its passengers were spared, and others drowned.
The system of cause and effect in this world is merely a veil. Behind it, everything occurs by God's direct command. Humanity's test is to see beyond appearances and recognise the divine power operating behind seeming causes.
Wa qeela yaaa ardubla'ee maaa'aki wa yaa samaaa'u aqi'ee wa gheedal maaa'u wa qudiyal amru wastawat 'alal joodiyyi wa qeela bu'dal lilqawmiz zaalimeen
Then the word went forth: "O earth! swallow up your water, and O sky! Withhold [your rain]!" and the water abated, and the matter was ended. The Ark rested on Mount Judi, and the word went forth: "Away with those who do wrong!"
Commentary of verses 11:42 to 11:44
During Noah's flood, a remarkable phenomenon occurred: those who sought refuge on high peaks drowned, while those on the Ark, tossed by a violent sea, survived. The difference lay not in the peaks or the Ark themselves, but in God's will. Had God decreed, the peaks could have saved their occupants and the Ark's passengers perished. But God's command rested with the Ark, so its passengers were spared, and others drowned.
The system of cause and effect in this world is merely a veil. Behind it, everything occurs by God's direct command. Humanity's test is to see beyond appearances and recognise the divine power operating behind seeming causes.
Wa naadaa noohur Rabbahoo faqaala Rabbi innabnee min ahlee wa inna wa'dakal haqqu wa Anta ahkamul haakimeen
And Noah called upon his Lord, and said: "O my Lord! surely my son is of my family! and Your promise is true, and You are the justest of Judges!"
Commentary of verses 11:45 to 11:47
Among the drowned was Kan'an, Noah's son, who stubbornly refused to board the Ark. Noah prayed for his protection, but God's reply indicated such a request showed a lack of understanding. God does not grant salvation based on lineage, association with holy figures, or group affiliation. His judgement rests solely on deeds, not relationships or descent.
In this world, family ties hold great importance. In the Hereafter, moral integrity outweighs all else. Noah's flood abolished divisions unrelated to righteousness, saving the virtuous in the divine Ark while the unrighteous were swept away. A similar event will unfold on Judgement Day, but on a far greater scale and to the ultimate degree.
He said: "O Noah! He is not of your family: For his conduct is unrighteous. So ask not of Me that of which you have no knowledge! I give you counsel, lest you act like the ignorant!"
Commentary of verses 11:45 to 11:47
Among the drowned was Kan'an, Noah's son, who stubbornly refused to board the Ark. Noah prayed for his protection, but God's reply indicated such a request showed a lack of understanding. God does not grant salvation based on lineage, association with holy figures, or group affiliation. His judgement rests solely on deeds, not relationships or descent.
In this world, family ties hold great importance. In the Hereafter, moral integrity outweighs all else. Noah's flood abolished divisions unrelated to righteousness, saving the virtuous in the divine Ark while the unrighteous were swept away. A similar event will unfold on Judgement Day, but on a far greater scale and to the ultimate degree.
Qaala rabbi inneee a'oozu bika an as'alaka maa laisa lee bihee 'ilmunw wa illaa taghfir lee wa tarhamneee akum minal khaasireen
Noah said: "O my Lord! I do seek refuge with You, lest I ask You for that of which I have no knowledge. And unless you forgive me and have Mercy on me, I should indeed be lost!"
Commentary of verses 11:45 to 11:47
Among the drowned was Kan'an, Noah's son, who stubbornly refused to board the Ark. Noah prayed for his protection, but God's reply indicated such a request showed a lack of understanding. God does not grant salvation based on lineage, association with holy figures, or group affiliation. His judgement rests solely on deeds, not relationships or descent.
In this world, family ties hold great importance. In the Hereafter, moral integrity outweighs all else. Noah's flood abolished divisions unrelated to righteousness, saving the virtuous in the divine Ark while the unrighteous were swept away. A similar event will unfold on Judgement Day, but on a far greater scale and to the ultimate degree.
Qeela yaa Noohuh bit bisalaamim minnaa wa barakaatin 'alaika wa 'alaaa umamim mimmam ma'ak; wa umamun sanumatti'uhum summa yamassuhum minaa 'azaabun aleem
The word came: "O Noah! Come down [from the Ark] with peace from Us, and blessing on you and on some of the peoples [who will spring] from those with you: but [there will be other] peoples to whom We shall grant their pleasures [for a time], but in the end will a painful punishment reach them from Us."
Commentary of verses 11:48 to 11:49
Once the flood subsided, the waters seeped into the earth and flowed into the seas. Noah's Ark settled on Mount Judi, and those aboard disembarked to repopulate a renewed world. Noah's people had originally believed in Adam's message. For a time, his followers remained faithful, but later generations drifted away, prompting Allah to send new prophets to guide them back.
Even those who traced their lineage to Noah faced ruin if they rejected the prophets of their own time. This teaches that mere association with a prophet is insufficient for salvation. What matters is living faith that transforms into righteous action. Noah's story reveals a timeless truth: falsehood may appear powerful and enduring, yet it is doomed to fail. Believers, though few and seemingly weak, will ultimately receive Allah's blessings in this life and the next.
Tilka min ambaaa'il ghaibi nooheehaaa ilaika maa kunta ta'lamuhaaaa anta wa laa qawmuka min qabli haazaa fasbir innal 'aaqibata lilmuttaqeen
Such are some of the stories of the unseen, which We have revealed to you: before this, neither you nor your people knew them. So persevere patiently: for the End is for those who are righteous.
Commentary of verses 11:48 to 11:49
Once the flood subsided, the waters seeped into the earth and flowed into the seas. Noah's Ark settled on Mount Judi, and those aboard disembarked to repopulate a renewed world. Noah's people had originally believed in Adam's message. For a time, his followers remained faithful, but later generations drifted away, prompting Allah to send new prophets to guide them back.
Even those who traced their lineage to Noah faced ruin if they rejected the prophets of their own time. This teaches that mere association with a prophet is insufficient for salvation. What matters is living faith that transforms into righteous action. Noah's story reveals a timeless truth: falsehood may appear powerful and enduring, yet it is doomed to fail. Believers, though few and seemingly weak, will ultimately receive Allah's blessings in this life and the next.
Wa ilaa 'aadin akhaahum Hoodaa; qaala yaa qawmi' budul laaha maa lakum min ilaahin ghairuhooo in antum illaa muftaroon
To the 'Ad People [We sent] Hud, one of their own brethren. He said: "O my people! worship Allah! you have no other god but Him. [Your other gods] you do nothing but invent!
Commentary of verses 11:50 to 11:52
Prophet Hud was raised from among the people of 'Ad to call them to the worship of Allah alone. Allah has always chosen prophets from within the communities they address, ensuring they understand the language, customs, and mindset of their people. Hud not only presented the truth but also openly criticised the falsehoods they followed, for error must be exposed before truth can be fully grasped.
His people demanded worldly credentials—wealth, status, grand homes—but these are not the measures of a true messenger. What matters is sincerity, rationality, consistency with reality, and moral integrity. When Hud promised them increased strength, he did not mean material power, for the 'Ad were already mighty. Rather, he spoke of spiritual and moral strength—faith that, combined with their existing capabilities, would multiply their true power many times over.
"O my people! I ask of you no reward for this [Message]. My reward is from none but Him who created me: Will you not then understand?
Commentary of verses 11:50 to 11:52
Prophet Hud was raised from among the people of 'Ad to call them to the worship of Allah alone. Allah has always chosen prophets from within the communities they address, ensuring they understand the language, customs, and mindset of their people. Hud not only presented the truth but also openly criticised the falsehoods they followed, for error must be exposed before truth can be fully grasped.
His people demanded worldly credentials—wealth, status, grand homes—but these are not the measures of a true messenger. What matters is sincerity, rationality, consistency with reality, and moral integrity. When Hud promised them increased strength, he did not mean material power, for the 'Ad were already mighty. Rather, he spoke of spiritual and moral strength—faith that, combined with their existing capabilities, would multiply their true power many times over.
Wa yaa qawmis taghfiroo Rabbakum summa toobooo ilaihi yursilis samaaa'a 'alaikum midraaranw wa yazidkum quwwatan ilaa quwwatikum wa laa tatawallaw mujrimeen
"And O my people! Ask forgiveness of your Lord, and turn to Him [in repentance]: He will send you the skies pouring abundant rain, and add strength to your strength: so turn you not back in sin!"
Commentary of verses 11:50 to 11:52
Prophet Hud was raised from among the people of 'Ad to call them to the worship of Allah alone. Allah has always chosen prophets from within the communities they address, ensuring they understand the language, customs, and mindset of their people. Hud not only presented the truth but also openly criticised the falsehoods they followed, for error must be exposed before truth can be fully grasped.
His people demanded worldly credentials—wealth, status, grand homes—but these are not the measures of a true messenger. What matters is sincerity, rationality, consistency with reality, and moral integrity. When Hud promised them increased strength, he did not mean material power, for the 'Ad were already mighty. Rather, he spoke of spiritual and moral strength—faith that, combined with their existing capabilities, would multiply their true power many times over.
Qaaloo yaa Hoodu maa ji'tanaa bibaiyinatinw wa maa nahnu bitaarikeee aalihatinaa 'an qawlika wa maa nahnu laka bimu'mineen
They said: "O Hud! No Clear [Sign] that have you brought us, and we are not the ones to desert our gods on your word! Nor shall we believe in you!
Commentary of verses 11:53 to 11:54
The people of 'Ad claimed Hud had no proof for his message. This did not mean he lacked arguments, but rather that they judged him not by reason but by their prejudices. Because he did not fit their image of authority, they dismissed his words and even suggested he was under some curse from their holy men.
When someone calls people away from established traditions towards pure monotheism, they are often seen as strange or even disturbed. This was Hud's experience. Yet the ultimate proof of a truthful messenger is that his opponents cannot silence or overpower him, no matter how hard they try.
"We say nothing but that [perhaps] some of our gods may have seized you with imbecility." He said: "I call Allah to witness, and do you bear witness, that I am free from the sin of ascribing, to Him,
Commentary of verses 11:53 to 11:54
The people of 'Ad claimed Hud had no proof for his message. This did not mean he lacked arguments, but rather that they judged him not by reason but by their prejudices. Because he did not fit their image of authority, they dismissed his words and even suggested he was under some curse from their holy men.
When someone calls people away from established traditions towards pure monotheism, they are often seen as strange or even disturbed. This was Hud's experience. Yet the ultimate proof of a truthful messenger is that his opponents cannot silence or overpower him, no matter how hard they try.
Min doonihee fakeedoonee jamee'an summa laa tunziroon
"Other gods as partners! so scheme [your worst] against me, all of you, and give me no respite.
Commentary of verses 11:55 to 11:56
Both Hud and his people claimed to worship Allah. The question then arises: whose path truly leads to Him? Allah is found on the straight path—the direct highway of truth. Hud's message represented this highway, while his people had wandered onto crooked byways in the name of religion.
The straight path consists of worshipping Allah alone, seeking His forgiveness, repenting sincerely, trusting Him fully, remaining grateful, recognising His sovereignty, accepting His watchfulness, and living with humility. Following these principles leads directly to Allah. Straying into other concerns—rituals disconnected from sincerity, or devotion to intermediaries—diverts one away from Him. Only those who remain focused on these core teachings walk the true highway to divine acceptance.
Innee tawakkaltu 'alallaahi Rabbee wa Rabbikum; maa min daaabbatin illaa Huwa aakhizum binaasiyatihaa; inna Rabbee 'alaa Siraatim mustaqeem
"I put my trust in Allah, My Lord and your Lord! There is not a moving creature, but He has grasp of its fore-lock. Indeed, it is my Lord that is on a straight Path.
Commentary of verses 11:55 to 11:56
Both Hud and his people claimed to worship Allah. The question then arises: whose path truly leads to Him? Allah is found on the straight path—the direct highway of truth. Hud's message represented this highway, while his people had wandered onto crooked byways in the name of religion.
The straight path consists of worshipping Allah alone, seeking His forgiveness, repenting sincerely, trusting Him fully, remaining grateful, recognising His sovereignty, accepting His watchfulness, and living with humility. Following these principles leads directly to Allah. Straying into other concerns—rituals disconnected from sincerity, or devotion to intermediaries—diverts one away from Him. Only those who remain focused on these core teachings walk the true highway to divine acceptance.
Fa in tawallaw faqad ablaghtukum maaa ursiltu biheee ilaikum; wa yastakhlifu Rabbee qawman ghairakum wa laa tadur roonahoo shai'aa; inna Rabbee 'alaa kulli shai'in Hafeez
"If you turn away, I [at least] have conveyed the Message with which I was sent to you. My Lord will make another people to succeed you, and you will not harm Him in the least. For my Lord has care and watch over all things."
Commentary of verses 11:57 to 11:60
Those who ignore Allah's message are themselves ignored by Him—faintly in this world, but absolutely on the Day of Judgement. On that Day, only the humble and obedient will receive His grace, while the arrogant will be left empty-handed.
In this world, Allah grants and withdraws power as a test. One community rises, another falls. This temporary prominence examines how people respond to authority. In the Hereafter, however, lasting honour will belong only to those who lived faithfully.
This worldly test places people between good and evil, with freedom to choose. Yet evil often appears dominant, backed by material power and social pressure, while truth relies on the strength of reasoned argument. This imbalance intimidates many, making it hard to embrace the truth when falsehood seems so entrenched.
Wa lammaa jaaa'a amrunaa najainaa Hoodanw wallazeena aamanoo ma'ahoo birahmatim minnaa wa najainaahum min 'azaabin ghaleez
So when Our decree issued, We saved Hud and those who believed with him, by [special] Grace from Ourselves: We saved them from a severe punishment.
Commentary of verses 11:57 to 11:60
Those who ignore Allah's message are themselves ignored by Him—faintly in this world, but absolutely on the Day of Judgement. On that Day, only the humble and obedient will receive His grace, while the arrogant will be left empty-handed.
In this world, Allah grants and withdraws power as a test. One community rises, another falls. This temporary prominence examines how people respond to authority. In the Hereafter, however, lasting honour will belong only to those who lived faithfully.
This worldly test places people between good and evil, with freedom to choose. Yet evil often appears dominant, backed by material power and social pressure, while truth relies on the strength of reasoned argument. This imbalance intimidates many, making it hard to embrace the truth when falsehood seems so entrenched.
Wa tilka 'aad, jahadoo bi Aayaati Rabbihim wa 'asaw Rusulahoo wattaba'ooo amra kulli jabbaarin 'aneed
Such were the 'Ad People: they rejected the Signs of their Lord; disobeyed His messengers; And followed the command of every powerful, obstinate transgressor.
Commentary of verses 11:57 to 11:60
Those who ignore Allah's message are themselves ignored by Him—faintly in this world, but absolutely on the Day of Judgement. On that Day, only the humble and obedient will receive His grace, while the arrogant will be left empty-handed.
In this world, Allah grants and withdraws power as a test. One community rises, another falls. This temporary prominence examines how people respond to authority. In the Hereafter, however, lasting honour will belong only to those who lived faithfully.
This worldly test places people between good and evil, with freedom to choose. Yet evil often appears dominant, backed by material power and social pressure, while truth relies on the strength of reasoned argument. This imbalance intimidates many, making it hard to embrace the truth when falsehood seems so entrenched.
Wa utbi'oo fee haazihid dunyaa la'natanw wa Yawmal Qiyaamah; alaaa inna 'Aadan kafaroo Rabbahum; alaa bu'dal li 'Aadin qawmin Hood
And they were pursued by a Curse in this life, and on the Day of Judgement. Ah! And [mention]! for the 'Ad rejected their Lord! Ah! And [mention]! removed [from sight] were 'Ad the people of Hud!
Commentary of verses 11:57 to 11:60
Those who ignore Allah's message are themselves ignored by Him—faintly in this world, but absolutely on the Day of Judgement. On that Day, only the humble and obedient will receive His grace, while the arrogant will be left empty-handed.
In this world, Allah grants and withdraws power as a test. One community rises, another falls. This temporary prominence examines how people respond to authority. In the Hereafter, however, lasting honour will belong only to those who lived faithfully.
This worldly test places people between good and evil, with freedom to choose. Yet evil often appears dominant, backed by material power and social pressure, while truth relies on the strength of reasoned argument. This imbalance intimidates many, making it hard to embrace the truth when falsehood seems so entrenched.
Wa ilaa Samooda akhaahum Saalihaa; qaala yaa qawmi' budul laaha maa lakum min ilaahim ghairuhoo Huwa ansha akum minal ardi wasta' marakum feehaa fastaghfiroohu summa toobooo ilaih; inna Rabbee Qareebum Mujeeb
To the Thamud People [We sent] Salih, one of their own brethren. He said: "O my people! Worship Allah: you have no other god but Him. It is He Who has produced you from the earth and settled you therein: then ask forgiveness of Him, and turn to Him [in repentance]: for my Lord is [always] near, ready to answer."
Commentary of verses 11:61 to 11:63
Prophet Salih called the people of Thamud to worship Allah alone, the same message carried by all prophets. Yet his people resisted. They clung to the idea that their relationship with Allah was mediated through revered ancestors and holy figures. Salih's call to direct worship seemed radical to them.
Since his only strength lay in reasoned argument, they were unimpressed. They valued only what had been passed down through tradition and the authority of their leaders. Despite the clarity of his reasoning, they remained doubtful.
Salih had been recognised in his youth as intelligent and promising. His community had hoped he would uphold their traditions. Instead, he challenged the very foundations of their faith. Disappointed and offended, they accused him of undermining what they held sacred. This has been the fate of truth-tellers throughout history.
Qaaloo yaa Saalihu qad kunta feenaa marjuwwan qabla haazaaa atanhaanaaa an na'bu da maa ya'budu aabaaa'unaa wa innanaa lafee shakkim mimmaa tad'oonaaa ilaihi mureeb
They said: "O Salih! you have been of us! a centre of our hopes hitherto! do you [now] forbid us the worship of what our fathers worshipped? But we are really in suspicious [disquieting] doubt as to that to which you invitest us."
Commentary of verses 11:61 to 11:63
Prophet Salih called the people of Thamud to worship Allah alone, the same message carried by all prophets. Yet his people resisted. They clung to the idea that their relationship with Allah was mediated through revered ancestors and holy figures. Salih's call to direct worship seemed radical to them.
Since his only strength lay in reasoned argument, they were unimpressed. They valued only what had been passed down through tradition and the authority of their leaders. Despite the clarity of his reasoning, they remained doubtful.
Salih had been recognised in his youth as intelligent and promising. His community had hoped he would uphold their traditions. Instead, he challenged the very foundations of their faith. Disappointed and offended, they accused him of undermining what they held sacred. This has been the fate of truth-tellers throughout history.
Qaala yaa qawmi ara'aytum in kuntu 'alaa baiyinatim mir Rabbee wa aataanee minhu rahmatan famai yansurunee minal laahi in 'asaituhoo famaa tazeedoonanee ghaira takhseer
He said: "O my people! do you see? if I have a Clear [Sign] from my Lord and He has sent Mercy to me from Himself, who then can help me against Allah if I were to disobey Him? What then would you add to my [portion] but perdition?
Commentary of verses 11:61 to 11:63
Prophet Salih called the people of Thamud to worship Allah alone, the same message carried by all prophets. Yet his people resisted. They clung to the idea that their relationship with Allah was mediated through revered ancestors and holy figures. Salih's call to direct worship seemed radical to them.
Since his only strength lay in reasoned argument, they were unimpressed. They valued only what had been passed down through tradition and the authority of their leaders. Despite the clarity of his reasoning, they remained doubtful.
Salih had been recognised in his youth as intelligent and promising. His community had hoped he would uphold their traditions. Instead, he challenged the very foundations of their faith. Disappointed and offended, they accused him of undermining what they held sacred. This has been the fate of truth-tellers throughout history.
Wa yaa qawmi haazihee naaqatul laahi lakum aayatan fazaroohaa taakul feee ardil laahi wa laa tamassoohaa bisooo'in fa yaakhuzakum azaabun qareeb
"And O my people! This she-camel of Allah is a symbol to you: leave her to feed on Allah's [free] earth, and inflict no harm on her, or a swift punishment will seize you!"
Commentary of verses 11:64 to 11:68
Salih warned his people repeatedly that rejecting Allah's message would bring destruction. Though they believed in Allah and prophethood in principle, they could not bring themselves to abandon familiar customs based solely on reasoning. Humans are reluctant to exchange the known for the unknown without tangible proof.
At their insistence, a miraculous sign was granted: a she-camel emerged from solid rock. Such signs mark the end of the period of testing. Salih urged them to repent, warning that refusal would lead to ruin. Yet those unmoved by logic rarely heed even miracles. Defiantly, they killed the camel.
With no reprieve left, Salih and his faithful followers departed for Syria. Soon after, a terrible earthquake struck, annihilating the entire community of Thamud who had remained behind.
But they did ham-string her. So he said: "Enjoy yourselves in your homes for three days: [Then will be your ruin]: (And [mention]) there a promise not to be belied!"
Commentary of verses 11:64 to 11:68
Salih warned his people repeatedly that rejecting Allah's message would bring destruction. Though they believed in Allah and prophethood in principle, they could not bring themselves to abandon familiar customs based solely on reasoning. Humans are reluctant to exchange the known for the unknown without tangible proof.
At their insistence, a miraculous sign was granted: a she-camel emerged from solid rock. Such signs mark the end of the period of testing. Salih urged them to repent, warning that refusal would lead to ruin. Yet those unmoved by logic rarely heed even miracles. Defiantly, they killed the camel.
With no reprieve left, Salih and his faithful followers departed for Syria. Soon after, a terrible earthquake struck, annihilating the entire community of Thamud who had remained behind.
Falammaa jaaa'a amrunaa najjainaa Saalihanw wal lazeena aamanoo ma'ahoo birahmatim minnaa wa min khizyi Yawmi'iz inna Rabbaka Huwal Qawiyyul 'Azeez
When Our Decree issued, We saved Salih and those who believed with him, by [special] Grace from Ourselves - and from the Ignominy of that day. For your Lord - He is the Strong One, and able to enforce His Will.
Commentary of verses 11:64 to 11:68
Salih warned his people repeatedly that rejecting Allah's message would bring destruction. Though they believed in Allah and prophethood in principle, they could not bring themselves to abandon familiar customs based solely on reasoning. Humans are reluctant to exchange the known for the unknown without tangible proof.
At their insistence, a miraculous sign was granted: a she-camel emerged from solid rock. Such signs mark the end of the period of testing. Salih urged them to repent, warning that refusal would lead to ruin. Yet those unmoved by logic rarely heed even miracles. Defiantly, they killed the camel.
With no reprieve left, Salih and his faithful followers departed for Syria. Soon after, a terrible earthquake struck, annihilating the entire community of Thamud who had remained behind.
Wa akhazal lazeena zalamus saihatu fa asbahoo fee diyaarihim jaasimeena
The [mighty] Blast overtook the wrongdoers, and they lay prostrate in their homes before the morning,
Commentary of verses 11:64 to 11:68
Salih warned his people repeatedly that rejecting Allah's message would bring destruction. Though they believed in Allah and prophethood in principle, they could not bring themselves to abandon familiar customs based solely on reasoning. Humans are reluctant to exchange the known for the unknown without tangible proof.
At their insistence, a miraculous sign was granted: a she-camel emerged from solid rock. Such signs mark the end of the period of testing. Salih urged them to repent, warning that refusal would lead to ruin. Yet those unmoved by logic rarely heed even miracles. Defiantly, they killed the camel.
With no reprieve left, Salih and his faithful followers departed for Syria. Soon after, a terrible earthquake struck, annihilating the entire community of Thamud who had remained behind.
Ka al lam yaghnaw feehaaa; alaaa inna Samooda kafaroo Rabbahum; alaa bu'dal li Samood.
As if they had never dwelt and flourished there. Ah! And [mention]! for the Thamud rejected their Lord! Ah! And [mention]! removed [from sight] were the Thamud!
Commentary of verses 11:64 to 11:68
Salih warned his people repeatedly that rejecting Allah's message would bring destruction. Though they believed in Allah and prophethood in principle, they could not bring themselves to abandon familiar customs based solely on reasoning. Humans are reluctant to exchange the known for the unknown without tangible proof.
At their insistence, a miraculous sign was granted: a she-camel emerged from solid rock. Such signs mark the end of the period of testing. Salih urged them to repent, warning that refusal would lead to ruin. Yet those unmoved by logic rarely heed even miracles. Defiantly, they killed the camel.
With no reprieve left, Salih and his faithful followers departed for Syria. Soon after, a terrible earthquake struck, annihilating the entire community of Thamud who had remained behind.
Wa laqad jaaa'at Rusulunaaa Ibraaheema bilbushraa qaaloo salaaman qaala salaamun famaa labisa an jaaa'a bi'ijin haneez
There came Our messengers to Abraham with glad tidings. They said, "Peace!" He answered, "Peace!" and hastened to entertain them with a roasted calf.
Commentary of verses 11:69 to 11:70
The phrase refers to the moment when the guests' hands did not reach towards the meal offered to them, signalling something unusual that troubled the host.
Falammaa ra aaa aidiyahum laa tasilu ilaihi nakirahum wa awjasa minhum kheefah; qaaloo la takhaf innaaa ursilnaaa ilaa qawmi Loot
But when he saw their hands went not towards the [meal], he felt some mistrust of them, and conceived a fear of them. They said: "Fear not: We have been sent against the people of Lut."
Commentary of verses 11:69 to 11:70
The phrase refers to the moment when the guests' hands did not reach towards the meal offered to them, signalling something unusual that troubled the host.
Wamra atuhoo qaaa'imatun fadahikat fabashsharnaahaa bi Ishaaqa wa minw waraaa'i Ishaaqa Ya'qoob
And his wife was standing [there], and she laughed: But we gave her glad tidings of Isaac, and after him, of Jacob.
Commentary of verses 11:71 to 11:73
When Abraham was around a hundred years old, several handsome young men arrived at his home. Thinking them guests, he quickly prepared food. They were angels sent by God with two purposes: to announce the birth of children to Abraham and his wife, and to destroy the people of Lot, who had become utterly arrogant and rebellious.
The good news was not merely about offspring, but about establishing a line of righteous servants devoted to God's mission. History shows that movements of faith often begin within families. Outsiders struggle to recognise truth in an ordinary person, but family members see beyond appearances through bonds of love and trust. They understand the reality others miss and become natural supporters of the divine cause.
Qaalat yaa wailataaa 'aalidu wa ana 'ajoozunw wa haaza ba'lee shaikhan inna haazaa lashai'un 'ajeeb
She said: "Alas for me! shall I bear a child, seeing I am an old woman, and my husband here is an old man? That would indeed be a wonderful thing!"
Commentary of verses 11:71 to 11:73
When Abraham was around a hundred years old, several handsome young men arrived at his home. Thinking them guests, he quickly prepared food. They were angels sent by God with two purposes: to announce the birth of children to Abraham and his wife, and to destroy the people of Lot, who had become utterly arrogant and rebellious.
The good news was not merely about offspring, but about establishing a line of righteous servants devoted to God's mission. History shows that movements of faith often begin within families. Outsiders struggle to recognise truth in an ordinary person, but family members see beyond appearances through bonds of love and trust. They understand the reality others miss and become natural supporters of the divine cause.
Qaalooo ata'jabeena min amril laahi rahmatul laahi wa barakaatuho 'alaikum Ahlal Bayt; innahoo Hameedum Majeed
They said: "Do you wonder at Allah's decree? The grace of Allah and His blessings on you, o you people of the house! for He is indeed worthy of all praise, full of all glory!"
Commentary of verses 11:71 to 11:73
When Abraham was around a hundred years old, several handsome young men arrived at his home. Thinking them guests, he quickly prepared food. They were angels sent by God with two purposes: to announce the birth of children to Abraham and his wife, and to destroy the people of Lot, who had become utterly arrogant and rebellious.
The good news was not merely about offspring, but about establishing a line of righteous servants devoted to God's mission. History shows that movements of faith often begin within families. Outsiders struggle to recognise truth in an ordinary person, but family members see beyond appearances through bonds of love and trust. They understand the reality others miss and become natural supporters of the divine cause.
Falammaa zahaba an Ibraaheemar raw'u wa jaaa'at hul bushraaa yujaadilunaa fee qawmi Loot
When fear had passed from [the mind of] Abraham and the glad tidings had reached him, he began to plead with us for Lut's people.
Commentary of verses 11:74 to 11:76
Abraham pleaded with the angels to spare Lot's people, but God declined his request. Similarly, Noah's prayer for his son had been rejected. Prayer means standing before God, and divine pardon comes when those facing punishment sincerely seek it themselves. We see this in the story of Jonah's people, who were spared after their own sincere repentance.
One person may pray for another—prophets always have—but such prayers reflect the compassion and God-consciousness of the one praying, not a favour that can be transferred. When a servant of God witnesses impending punishment, he trembles and prays from fear and mercy. Yet his intercession benefits others only if they too turn to God with genuine remorse and humility.
M
إِنَّ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ لَحَلِيمٌ أَوَّٰهٌۭ مُّنِيبٌۭ
Inna Ibraaheema lahaleemun awwwaahum muneeb
For Abraham was, without doubt, forbearing [of faults], compassionate, and given to look to Allah.
Commentary of verses 11:74 to 11:76
Abraham pleaded with the angels to spare Lot's people, but God declined his request. Similarly, Noah's prayer for his son had been rejected. Prayer means standing before God, and divine pardon comes when those facing punishment sincerely seek it themselves. We see this in the story of Jonah's people, who were spared after their own sincere repentance.
One person may pray for another—prophets always have—but such prayers reflect the compassion and God-consciousness of the one praying, not a favour that can be transferred. When a servant of God witnesses impending punishment, he trembles and prays from fear and mercy. Yet his intercession benefits others only if they too turn to God with genuine remorse and humility.
Yaaa Ibraaheemu a'rid 'an haazaaa innahoo qad jaaa'a amru Rabbika wa innahum aateehim 'azaabun ghairun mardood
O Abraham! Seek not this. The decree of your Lord has gone forth: for them there comes a punishment that cannot be turned back!
Commentary of verses 11:74 to 11:76
Abraham pleaded with the angels to spare Lot's people, but God declined his request. Similarly, Noah's prayer for his son had been rejected. Prayer means standing before God, and divine pardon comes when those facing punishment sincerely seek it themselves. We see this in the story of Jonah's people, who were spared after their own sincere repentance.
One person may pray for another—prophets always have—but such prayers reflect the compassion and God-consciousness of the one praying, not a favour that can be transferred. When a servant of God witnesses impending punishment, he trembles and prays from fear and mercy. Yet his intercession benefits others only if they too turn to God with genuine remorse and humility.
Wa lammaa jaaa'at Rusulunaa Lootan seee'a bihim wa daaqa bihim zar'anw wa qaala haazaa yawmun 'aseeb
When Our messengers came to Lut, he was grieved on their account and felt himself powerless [to protect] them. He said: "This is a distressful day."
Commentary of verses 11:77 to 11:79
The angels arrived in Lot's town disguised as handsome youths to expose the people's guilt beyond doubt. So accustomed were they to their wickedness that they felt no shame. When they saw the visitors, they rushed to Lot's home with shameless desires, demanding he hand the guests over. Lot was horrified. He offered them the women of the town in lawful marriage to satisfy natural desires, referring to the community's daughters in the way elders do. They rejected the lawful and insisted on the forbidden, sealing their fate.
Lot's final plea—'Is there not one decent man among you?'—is the last appeal of a powerless prophet. When reason fails and conscience remains unmoved, it signals complete moral collapse. Their destruction was inevitable.
Wa jaaa'ahoo qawmuhoo yuhra'oona ilaihi wa min qablu kaanoo ya'maloonas saiyiaat; qaala yaa qawmi haaa'ulaaa'i banaatee hunna atharu lakum fattaqul laaha wa laa tukhzooni fee daifee alaisa minkum rajulur rasheed
And his people came rushing towards him, and they had been long in the habit of practising abominations. He said: "O my people! Here are my daughters: they are purer for you [if you marry]! Now fear Allah, and cover me not with shame about my guests! Is there not among you a single right-minded man?"
Commentary of verses 11:77 to 11:79
The angels arrived in Lot's town disguised as handsome youths to expose the people's guilt beyond doubt. So accustomed were they to their wickedness that they felt no shame. When they saw the visitors, they rushed to Lot's home with shameless desires, demanding he hand the guests over. Lot was horrified. He offered them the women of the town in lawful marriage to satisfy natural desires, referring to the community's daughters in the way elders do. They rejected the lawful and insisted on the forbidden, sealing their fate.
Lot's final plea—'Is there not one decent man among you?'—is the last appeal of a powerless prophet. When reason fails and conscience remains unmoved, it signals complete moral collapse. Their destruction was inevitable.
Qaaloo laqad 'alimta maa lanaa fee banastika min haqq, wa innaka lata'lamu maa nureed
They said: "Well do you know we have no need of your daughters: indeed you know quite well what we want!"
Commentary of verses 11:77 to 11:79
The angels arrived in Lot's town disguised as handsome youths to expose the people's guilt beyond doubt. So accustomed were they to their wickedness that they felt no shame. When they saw the visitors, they rushed to Lot's home with shameless desires, demanding he hand the guests over. Lot was horrified. He offered them the women of the town in lawful marriage to satisfy natural desires, referring to the community's daughters in the way elders do. They rejected the lawful and insisted on the forbidden, sealing their fate.
Lot's final plea—'Is there not one decent man among you?'—is the last appeal of a powerless prophet. When reason fails and conscience remains unmoved, it signals complete moral collapse. Their destruction was inevitable.
Qaala law anna lee bikum quwwatan aw aaweee ilaa ruknin shadeed
He said: "Would that I had power to suppress you or that I could betake myself to some powerful support."
Commentary of verses 11:80 to 11:83
Initially, Lot thought the visitors were human. When he feared for their safety, they revealed they were angels sent by God, assuring him no harm would come. As the mob advanced, one angel waved his arm and struck them blind. They fled, calling Lot's guests sorcerers.
When God decrees a community's destruction, His will encompasses the entire region. Yet by His mercy, those who conveyed His message are saved. Proclaiming truth is the surest protection in this world and the next.
Lot's wife, never truly devoted to his mission, joined his departure at the last moment. As they fled, she looked back at the uproar, cried out for her people, and was struck dead by a falling stone. Her end carries a warning: merely accompanying the righteous without sincere faith offers no safety. True loyalty to God cannot be pretended—it will be tested, and insincerity exposed.
Qaaloo yaa Lootu innaa Rusulu Rabbika lai yasiloo ilaika fa asri bi ahlika biqit 'im minal laili wa laa yaltafit minkum ahadun illam ra ataka innahoo museebuhaa maaa asaabahum; inna maw'i dahumus subh; alaisas subhu biqareeb
[The Messengers] said: "O Lut! We are Messengers from your Lord! By no means shall they reach you! now travel with your family while yet a part of the night remains, and let not any of you look back: but your wife [will remain behind]: To her will happen what happens to the people. Morning is their time appointed: Is not the morning nigh?"
Commentary of verses 11:80 to 11:83
Initially, Lot thought the visitors were human. When he feared for their safety, they revealed they were angels sent by God, assuring him no harm would come. As the mob advanced, one angel waved his arm and struck them blind. They fled, calling Lot's guests sorcerers.
When God decrees a community's destruction, His will encompasses the entire region. Yet by His mercy, those who conveyed His message are saved. Proclaiming truth is the surest protection in this world and the next.
Lot's wife, never truly devoted to his mission, joined his departure at the last moment. As they fled, she looked back at the uproar, cried out for her people, and was struck dead by a falling stone. Her end carries a warning: merely accompanying the righteous without sincere faith offers no safety. True loyalty to God cannot be pretended—it will be tested, and insincerity exposed.
Falammaa jaaa'a amrunaa ja'alnaa 'aaliyahaa saafilahaa wa amtamaa 'alaihaa hijaaratam min sijjeelim mandood
When Our Decree issued, We turned [the cities] upside down, and rained down on them brimstones hard as baked clay, spread, layer on layer,
Commentary of verses 11:80 to 11:83
Initially, Lot thought the visitors were human. When he feared for their safety, they revealed they were angels sent by God, assuring him no harm would come. As the mob advanced, one angel waved his arm and struck them blind. They fled, calling Lot's guests sorcerers.
When God decrees a community's destruction, His will encompasses the entire region. Yet by His mercy, those who conveyed His message are saved. Proclaiming truth is the surest protection in this world and the next.
Lot's wife, never truly devoted to his mission, joined his departure at the last moment. As they fled, she looked back at the uproar, cried out for her people, and was struck dead by a falling stone. Her end carries a warning: merely accompanying the righteous without sincere faith offers no safety. True loyalty to God cannot be pretended—it will be tested, and insincerity exposed.
Musawwamatan 'inda Rabbik; wa maa hiya minaz zaalimena biba'eed
Marked as from your Lord: Nor are they ever far from those who do wrong!
Commentary of verses 11:80 to 11:83
Initially, Lot thought the visitors were human. When he feared for their safety, they revealed they were angels sent by God, assuring him no harm would come. As the mob advanced, one angel waved his arm and struck them blind. They fled, calling Lot's guests sorcerers.
When God decrees a community's destruction, His will encompasses the entire region. Yet by His mercy, those who conveyed His message are saved. Proclaiming truth is the surest protection in this world and the next.
Lot's wife, never truly devoted to his mission, joined his departure at the last moment. As they fled, she looked back at the uproar, cried out for her people, and was struck dead by a falling stone. Her end carries a warning: merely accompanying the righteous without sincere faith offers no safety. True loyalty to God cannot be pretended—it will be tested, and insincerity exposed.
Wa ilaa Madyana akhaahum Shu'aibaa; qaala yaa qawmi' budul laaha maa lakum min ilaahin ghairuhoo wa laa tanqusul mikyaala walmeezaan; inneee araakum bikhairinw wa innee akhaafu 'alaikum 'azaaba Yawmim muheet
To the Madyan People [We sent] Shu'aib, one of their own brethren: he said: "O my people! worship Allah: You have no other god but Him. And give not short measure or weight: I see you in be successfulity, but I fear for you the punishment of a day that will compass [you] all round.
Commentary of verses 11:84 to 11:86
The prophet Shu'ayb was sent to Midian, a region between Hijaz and Syria. He addressed his people as believers, showing they claimed faith in God. They were followers of an earlier prophet, but over generations their devotion had weakened. Shu'ayb reminded them that claiming faith meant nothing unless they fulfilled its demands: worshipping God alone, dealing justly, treating others as they wished to be treated, and living contentedly on lawful earnings. Without these, their claim was hollow, and divine punishment loomed.
He warned them against fraud and dishonesty. His mention of prosperity shows some were wealthy while others struggled. Prophets guide everyone, but address the influential especially, since the masses follow their lead. Reaching the elite means reaching the whole community.
Wa yaa qawmi awful mikyaala walmeezaana bilqisti wa laa tabkhasun naasa ashyaaa'ahum wa laa ta'saw fil ardi mufsideen
"And O my people! give just measure and weight, nor withhold from the people the things that are their due: commit not evil in the land with intent to do corruption.
Commentary of verses 11:84 to 11:86
The prophet Shu'ayb was sent to Midian, a region between Hijaz and Syria. He addressed his people as believers, showing they claimed faith in God. They were followers of an earlier prophet, but over generations their devotion had weakened. Shu'ayb reminded them that claiming faith meant nothing unless they fulfilled its demands: worshipping God alone, dealing justly, treating others as they wished to be treated, and living contentedly on lawful earnings. Without these, their claim was hollow, and divine punishment loomed.
He warned them against fraud and dishonesty. His mention of prosperity shows some were wealthy while others struggled. Prophets guide everyone, but address the influential especially, since the masses follow their lead. Reaching the elite means reaching the whole community.
Baqiyyatul laahi khairul lakum in kuntum mu'mineen; wa maa ana 'alaikum bihafeez
"That which is left you by Allah is best for you, if you [but] believed! but I am not set over you to keep watch!"
Commentary of verses 11:84 to 11:86
The prophet Shu'ayb was sent to Midian, a region between Hijaz and Syria. He addressed his people as believers, showing they claimed faith in God. They were followers of an earlier prophet, but over generations their devotion had weakened. Shu'ayb reminded them that claiming faith meant nothing unless they fulfilled its demands: worshipping God alone, dealing justly, treating others as they wished to be treated, and living contentedly on lawful earnings. Without these, their claim was hollow, and divine punishment loomed.
He warned them against fraud and dishonesty. His mention of prosperity shows some were wealthy while others struggled. Prophets guide everyone, but address the influential especially, since the masses follow their lead. Reaching the elite means reaching the whole community.
Qaaloo yaa Shu'aybu asalaatuka taamuruka an natruka maa ya'budu aabaaa'unaaa aw an naf'ala feee amwaalinaa maa nashaaa'oo innaka la antal haleemur rasheed
They said: "O Shu'aib! Does your [religion of] prayer command you that we leave off the worship which our fathers practised, or that we leave off doing what we like with our property? truly, you are the one that forbears with faults and is right-minded!"
Commentary of verse 11:87
Religious practice has recognised forms, but its real aim is discovering God as the light of the heavens and earth—closer to us than our jugular vein. What brings us near to Him is not outward ritual alone, but sincere action performed purely for His sake. We must discover God so deeply that He becomes integral to our being, every deed seeking His pleasure. True faith means unwavering commitment even in hardship.
Belief in God means total trust. Belief in the Hereafter means prioritising eternal life over worldly gain. Belief in angels means accepting God's emissaries running the universe. Belief in scripture means following divine guidance. Belief in prophets means accepting these mortals as God's chosen messengers. Such faith must permeate the believer so fully that they give to the needy, pray with total surrender, and pay the poor-due—all for God's pleasure alone. A true believer fulfils contracts as covenants with God, trusts Him even in dire straits, and never strays from the righteous path. These qualities earn God's blessing in this world and the next.
Qaala yaa qawmi ara'aitum in kuntu 'alaa baiyinatim mir Rabbee wa razaqanee minhu rizqan hasanaa; wa maaa ureedu an ukhaalifakum ilaa maaa anhaakum 'anh; in ureedu illal islaaha mastata't; wa maa tawfeeqeee illaa billaah; 'alaihi tawakkaltu wa ilaihi uneeb
He said: "O my people! see you whether I have a Clear [Sign] from my Lord, and He has given me provision [pure and] good as from Himself? I wish not, in opposition to you, to do that which I forbid you to do. I only desire [your] betterment to the best of my power; and my success [in my task] can only come from Allah.
In Him I trust, and to Him I look.
Commentary of verses 11:88 to 11:90
There are two kinds of belief: blind imitation and conscious conviction. The first is merely inherited custom; the second is discovered through reasoning. True faith arises when a person understands and accepts truth intellectually. This living belief gives one the courage to stand before others and represent the truth fearlessly.
An unbeliever seeks material success, but a believer seeks to satisfy reason and conscience. Once truth is consciously grasped, opposing it becomes impossible. Formal faith leads to inconsistency between words and deeds; conscious faith brings integrity.
People often resent being corrected by someone they see as ordinary. Their pride blinds them to the message, and in dismissing the messenger, they dismiss God. This is a severe trial—whether one values truth or status.
Wa yaa qawmi laa yajri mannakum shiqaaqeee ai yuseebakum mislu maaa asaaba qawma Noohin aw qawma Hoodin aw qawma Saalih; wa maa qawmu Lootim minkum biba'eed
"And O my people! let not my dissent [from you] cause you to sin, lest you suffer a fate similar to that of the people of Noah or of Hud or of Salih, nor are the people of Lut far off from you!
Commentary of verses 11:88 to 11:90
There are two kinds of belief: blind imitation and conscious conviction. The first is merely inherited custom; the second is discovered through reasoning. True faith arises when a person understands and accepts truth intellectually. This living belief gives one the courage to stand before others and represent the truth fearlessly.
An unbeliever seeks material success, but a believer seeks to satisfy reason and conscience. Once truth is consciously grasped, opposing it becomes impossible. Formal faith leads to inconsistency between words and deeds; conscious faith brings integrity.
People often resent being corrected by someone they see as ordinary. Their pride blinds them to the message, and in dismissing the messenger, they dismiss God. This is a severe trial—whether one values truth or status.
Wastaghfiroo Rabbakum summa toobooo ilaih; inna Rabbee Raheemunw Wadood
"But ask forgiveness of your Lord, and turn to Him [in repentance]: For my Lord is indeed full of mercy and loving-kindness."
Commentary of verses 11:88 to 11:90
There are two kinds of belief: blind imitation and conscious conviction. The first is merely inherited custom; the second is discovered through reasoning. True faith arises when a person understands and accepts truth intellectually. This living belief gives one the courage to stand before others and represent the truth fearlessly.
An unbeliever seeks material success, but a believer seeks to satisfy reason and conscience. Once truth is consciously grasped, opposing it becomes impossible. Formal faith leads to inconsistency between words and deeds; conscious faith brings integrity.
People often resent being corrected by someone they see as ordinary. Their pride blinds them to the message, and in dismissing the messenger, they dismiss God. This is a severe trial—whether one values truth or status.
Qaaloo yaa Shu'aibu maa nafqahu kaseeram mimmaa taqoolu wa innaa lanaraaka feenaa da'eefanw wa law laa rahtuka larajamnaaka wa maaa anta 'alainaa bi'azeez
They said: "O Shu'aib! much of what you say we do not understand! In fact among us we see that you have no strength! Were it not for your family, we should certainly have stoned you! for you have among us no great position!"
Commentary of verse 11:91
After someone dies, their wealth must be dealt with justly. Islam instructs that inheritance be distributed fairly among rightful heirs. Those who fear God should follow this guidance sincerely, which fosters brotherhood and prevents disputes. Where a family member—such as an orphaned grandchild or someone else in need—does not inherit under Islamic law, the deceased may provide for them by bequeathing up to one-third of the estate through a will. Islam supports any lawful measure that keeps society free from conflict and litigation. However, altering a will's provisions is unlawful unless it genuinely serves this purpose of justice and harmony.
He said: "O my people! is then my family of more consideration with you than Allah? For you cast Him away behind your backs [with contempt]. But indeed my Lord encompasses on all sides all that you do!
Commentary of verses 11:92 to 11:95
Shu'ayb's people saw themselves as masters of Midian, treating God's blessings as their own entitlement. They grew hostile towards Shu'ayb and even threatened to expel him and his followers. But the land they believed they owned was struck by a devastating earthquake. The earth they ruled became their grave, as though they had never existed. Yet those who had believed in Shu'ayb's message were saved by God's grace.
Wa yaa qawmi' maloo 'alaa makaanatikum innee 'aamilun sawfa ta'lamoona mai yaateehi 'azaabuny yukhzeehi wa man huwa kaazib; wartaqibooo innnee ma'akum raqeeb
"And O my people! Do whatever you can: I will do [my part]: Soon will you know who it is on whom descends the punishment of ignominy; and who is a liar! and watch you! for I too am watching with you!"
Commentary of verses 11:92 to 11:95
Shu'ayb's people saw themselves as masters of Midian, treating God's blessings as their own entitlement. They grew hostile towards Shu'ayb and even threatened to expel him and his followers. But the land they believed they owned was struck by a devastating earthquake. The earth they ruled became their grave, as though they had never existed. Yet those who had believed in Shu'ayb's message were saved by God's grace.
Wa lammaa jaaa'a amrunaa najjainaa shu'aibanw wal lazeena aamanoo ma'ahoo birahmatim minnaa wa akhazatil lazeena zalamus saihatu fa asbahoo fee diyaarihim jaasimeen
When Our decree issued, We saved Shu'aib and those who believed with him, by [special] mercy from Ourselves: But the [mighty] blast did seize the wrongdoers, and they lay prostrate in their homes by the morning,
Commentary of verses 11:92 to 11:95
Shu'ayb's people saw themselves as masters of Midian, treating God's blessings as their own entitlement. They grew hostile towards Shu'ayb and even threatened to expel him and his followers. But the land they believed they owned was struck by a devastating earthquake. The earth they ruled became their grave, as though they had never existed. Yet those who had believed in Shu'ayb's message were saved by God's grace.
Ka-al-lam yaghnaw feehaaa; alaa bu'dal li Madyana Kamaa ba'idat Samood
As if they had never dwelt and flourished there! Ah! And [mention]! How the Madyan were removed [from sight] as were removed the Thamud!
Commentary of verses 11:92 to 11:95
Shu'ayb's people saw themselves as masters of Midian, treating God's blessings as their own entitlement. They grew hostile towards Shu'ayb and even threatened to expel him and his followers. But the land they believed they owned was struck by a devastating earthquake. The earth they ruled became their grave, as though they had never existed. Yet those who had believed in Shu'ayb's message were saved by God's grace.
Wa laqad arsalnaa Moosaa bi Aayaatinaa wa sultaanim mubeen
And we sent Moses, with Our Clear [Signs] and an authority manifest,
Commentary of verses 11:96 to 11:99
Moses conveyed his message with eloquence and showed Pharaoh undeniable miracles, including the staff. Yet Pharaoh's people remained loyal to him. They valued power and wealth above all, and Moses had neither. Though amazed by his words and signs, they compared him to Pharaoh and chose the one with worldly glory.
Those who chose such company in this life will be with that leader in the Hereafter—but there, stripped of all grandeur, he will be a symbol of ruin. He will lead his followers into the same fire to which his arrogance and misguidance have condemned him.
Ilaa Fir'awna wa mala'ihee fattaba'ooo amra Fir'awna wa maaa amru Fir'awna birasheed
To Pharaoh and his chiefs: but they followed the command of Pharaoh and the command of Pharaoh was no right [guide].
Commentary of verses 11:96 to 11:99
Moses conveyed his message with eloquence and showed Pharaoh undeniable miracles, including the staff. Yet Pharaoh's people remained loyal to him. They valued power and wealth above all, and Moses had neither. Though amazed by his words and signs, they compared him to Pharaoh and chose the one with worldly glory.
Those who chose such company in this life will be with that leader in the Hereafter—but there, stripped of all grandeur, he will be a symbol of ruin. He will lead his followers into the same fire to which his arrogance and misguidance have condemned him.
Yaqdumu qawmahoo Yawmal Qiyaamati fa awrada humun Naara wa bi'sal wirdul mawrood
He will go before his people on the Day of Judgement, and lead them into the Fire [as cattle are led to water]: But woeful indeed will be the place to which they are led!
Commentary of verses 11:96 to 11:99
Moses conveyed his message with eloquence and showed Pharaoh undeniable miracles, including the staff. Yet Pharaoh's people remained loyal to him. They valued power and wealth above all, and Moses had neither. Though amazed by his words and signs, they compared him to Pharaoh and chose the one with worldly glory.
Those who chose such company in this life will be with that leader in the Hereafter—but there, stripped of all grandeur, he will be a symbol of ruin. He will lead his followers into the same fire to which his arrogance and misguidance have condemned him.
Wa utbi'oo fee haazihee la'natanw wa Yawmal Qiyaamah; bi'sar rifdul marfood
And they are followed by a curse in this [life] and on the Day of Judgement: and woeful is the gift which shall be given [to them]!
Commentary of verses 11:96 to 11:99
Moses conveyed his message with eloquence and showed Pharaoh undeniable miracles, including the staff. Yet Pharaoh's people remained loyal to him. They valued power and wealth above all, and Moses had neither. Though amazed by his words and signs, they compared him to Pharaoh and chose the one with worldly glory.
Those who chose such company in this life will be with that leader in the Hereafter—but there, stripped of all grandeur, he will be a symbol of ruin. He will lead his followers into the same fire to which his arrogance and misguidance have condemned him.
Zaalika min ambaaa'il quraa naqussuhoo 'alaika minhaa qaaa'imunw wa haseed
These are some of the stories of communities which We relate to you: of them some are standing, and some have been mown down [by the sickle of time].
Commentary of verses 11:100 to 11:101
Ancient histories focus on kings and military leaders, yet rarely mention the prophets and their communities. What the Creator deemed most important, human historians overlooked. The Quran, by contrast, emphasises the calling work of prophets and their people's responses, while disregarding matters of little spiritual value.
Some civilisations destroyed in the prophetic era, like Egypt under Pharaoh, remain visible today. Others, such as the settlements of Hud and Lot, were completely wiped out, leaving only traces in ruins or archaeological finds. At first glance, such destruction may seem unjust. But when examined in context, it was the consequence of their own wrongdoing—punishment following persistent sin.
People often grow arrogant, relying on false supports they believe will protect them in hard times. Yet these supports endure only as long as God permits. When the period of respite ends and God decrees His final judgement, such individuals realise that the assumptions upon which they built their lives were entirely mistaken.
Wa maa zalamnaahum wa laakin zalamooo anfusahum famaaa aghnat 'anhum aalihatuhumul latee yad'oona min doonil laahi min shai'il lammaa jaaa'a amru Rabbika wa maa zaadoohum ghaira tatbeeb
It was not We that wronged them: They wronged their own souls: the deities, other than Allah, whom they invoked, profited them no whit when there issued the decree of your Lord: Nor did they add aught [to their lot] but perdition!
Commentary of verses 11:100 to 11:101
Ancient histories focus on kings and military leaders, yet rarely mention the prophets and their communities. What the Creator deemed most important, human historians overlooked. The Quran, by contrast, emphasises the calling work of prophets and their people's responses, while disregarding matters of little spiritual value.
Some civilisations destroyed in the prophetic era, like Egypt under Pharaoh, remain visible today. Others, such as the settlements of Hud and Lot, were completely wiped out, leaving only traces in ruins or archaeological finds. At first glance, such destruction may seem unjust. But when examined in context, it was the consequence of their own wrongdoing—punishment following persistent sin.
People often grow arrogant, relying on false supports they believe will protect them in hard times. Yet these supports endure only as long as God permits. When the period of respite ends and God decrees His final judgement, such individuals realise that the assumptions upon which they built their lives were entirely mistaken.
Wa kazaalika akhzu Rabbika izaaa akhazal quraa wa hiya zaalimah; inna akhzahooo aleemun shadeed
Such is the punishment of your Lord when He chastises communities in the midst of their wrong: grievous, indeed, and severe is His punishment.
Commentary of verses 11:102 to 11:105
In this world, human beings are given the opportunity to live and settle solely as a test. Those who reject the truth after prophets have completed their mission forfeit their right to remain on God's earth. That is why God destroyed the rejecters of previous prophets, often through extreme natural disasters—cyclones, floods, earthquakes—that exceeded their usual limits.
Historians have called such events 'climatic pulsations', attributing them to geographical upheaval. Yet they cannot explain why these dramatic changes occurred only in the past and not after the age of prophethood ended. In reality, these were not simply natural phenomena, but expressions of divine will.
This demonstrates that the world is governed by justice. According to natural law, transgressors receive punishment while the righteous are rewarded. Viewing these events as divine retribution rather than geographical accidents conveys profound lessons about God-consciousness and the reality of the Hereafter. The destructions during the prophetic era were small forewarnings of the great Day of Judgement. Deniers were given respite, then faced God's verdict. Only those who supported truth were saved; the arrogant, disfavoured by God, were destroyed—beyond even the prophets' intercession, as seen in the accounts of Noah and Abraham.
Inna fee zaalika la aayatal liman khaafa 'azaabal Aakhirah; zaalika Yawmum majmoo'ul lahun naasu wa zaalika Yawmum mashhood
In that is a Sign for those who fear the punishment of the Hereafter: that is a Day for which mankind will be gathered together: that will be a Day of Testimony.
Commentary of verses 11:102 to 11:105
In this world, human beings are given the opportunity to live and settle solely as a test. Those who reject the truth after prophets have completed their mission forfeit their right to remain on God's earth. That is why God destroyed the rejecters of previous prophets, often through extreme natural disasters—cyclones, floods, earthquakes—that exceeded their usual limits.
Historians have called such events 'climatic pulsations', attributing them to geographical upheaval. Yet they cannot explain why these dramatic changes occurred only in the past and not after the age of prophethood ended. In reality, these were not simply natural phenomena, but expressions of divine will.
This demonstrates that the world is governed by justice. According to natural law, transgressors receive punishment while the righteous are rewarded. Viewing these events as divine retribution rather than geographical accidents conveys profound lessons about God-consciousness and the reality of the Hereafter. The destructions during the prophetic era were small forewarnings of the great Day of Judgement. Deniers were given respite, then faced God's verdict. Only those who supported truth were saved; the arrogant, disfavoured by God, were destroyed—beyond even the prophets' intercession, as seen in the accounts of Noah and Abraham.
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وَمَا نُؤَخِّرُهُۥٓ إِلَّا لِأَجَلٍۢ مَّعْدُودٍۢ
Wa maa nu'akhkhiruhooo illaa li ajalim ma'dood
Nor shall We delay it but for a term appointed.
Commentary of verses 11:102 to 11:105
In this world, human beings are given the opportunity to live and settle solely as a test. Those who reject the truth after prophets have completed their mission forfeit their right to remain on God's earth. That is why God destroyed the rejecters of previous prophets, often through extreme natural disasters—cyclones, floods, earthquakes—that exceeded their usual limits.
Historians have called such events 'climatic pulsations', attributing them to geographical upheaval. Yet they cannot explain why these dramatic changes occurred only in the past and not after the age of prophethood ended. In reality, these were not simply natural phenomena, but expressions of divine will.
This demonstrates that the world is governed by justice. According to natural law, transgressors receive punishment while the righteous are rewarded. Viewing these events as divine retribution rather than geographical accidents conveys profound lessons about God-consciousness and the reality of the Hereafter. The destructions during the prophetic era were small forewarnings of the great Day of Judgement. Deniers were given respite, then faced God's verdict. Only those who supported truth were saved; the arrogant, disfavoured by God, were destroyed—beyond even the prophets' intercession, as seen in the accounts of Noah and Abraham.
Yawma yaati laa takallamu nafsun illaa bi iznih; faminhum shaqiyyunw wa sa'eed
The day it arrives, no soul shall speak except by His leave: of those [gathered] some will be wretched and some will be blessed.
Commentary of verses 11:102 to 11:105
In this world, human beings are given the opportunity to live and settle solely as a test. Those who reject the truth after prophets have completed their mission forfeit their right to remain on God's earth. That is why God destroyed the rejecters of previous prophets, often through extreme natural disasters—cyclones, floods, earthquakes—that exceeded their usual limits.
Historians have called such events 'climatic pulsations', attributing them to geographical upheaval. Yet they cannot explain why these dramatic changes occurred only in the past and not after the age of prophethood ended. In reality, these were not simply natural phenomena, but expressions of divine will.
This demonstrates that the world is governed by justice. According to natural law, transgressors receive punishment while the righteous are rewarded. Viewing these events as divine retribution rather than geographical accidents conveys profound lessons about God-consciousness and the reality of the Hereafter. The destructions during the prophetic era were small forewarnings of the great Day of Judgement. Deniers were given respite, then faced God's verdict. Only those who supported truth were saved; the arrogant, disfavoured by God, were destroyed—beyond even the prophets' intercession, as seen in the accounts of Noah and Abraham.
Fa ammal lazeena shaqoo fafin Naari lahum feehaa zafeerunw wa shaheeq
Those who are wretched shall be in the Fire: There will be for them therein [nothing but] the heaving of sighs and sobs:
Commentary of verses 11:106 to 11:109
The Quran repeatedly emphasises that human beings will face a final reckoning. After death, everyone will appear in God's court and be assigned either Paradise or Hell based on earthly conduct. This message is stressed so often because of the doubts people harbour.
Many observe that countless individuals on earth disregard God's commands yet still prosper. Nowhere do they see immediate rewards for the obedient or punishment for the disobedient. This breeds scepticism about any consequence beyond this life.
The Quran clarifies that people cling to falsehood not through careful reasoning, but through blind adherence to custom and tradition. If consequences are not immediately visible, it is because this life is a test. To make the test valid, people are given freedom until death to think and act as they choose. Death marks the transition from the place of trial to the place of judgement. There, everyone will receive what they truly deserve and lose whatever they wrongly accumulated.
Khaalideena feehaa maa daamatis samaawaatu wal ardu illaa maa shaaa'a Rabbuk; inna Rabbaka fa' 'aalul limaa yureed
They will dwell therein for all the time that the heavens and the earth endure, except as your Lord wills: for your Lord is the [sure] accomplisher of what He planns.
Commentary of verses 11:106 to 11:109
The Quran repeatedly emphasises that human beings will face a final reckoning. After death, everyone will appear in God's court and be assigned either Paradise or Hell based on earthly conduct. This message is stressed so often because of the doubts people harbour.
Many observe that countless individuals on earth disregard God's commands yet still prosper. Nowhere do they see immediate rewards for the obedient or punishment for the disobedient. This breeds scepticism about any consequence beyond this life.
The Quran clarifies that people cling to falsehood not through careful reasoning, but through blind adherence to custom and tradition. If consequences are not immediately visible, it is because this life is a test. To make the test valid, people are given freedom until death to think and act as they choose. Death marks the transition from the place of trial to the place of judgement. There, everyone will receive what they truly deserve and lose whatever they wrongly accumulated.
Wa ammal lazeena su'idoo fafil Jannati khaalideena feehaa maa daamatis samaawaatu wal ardu illaa maa shaaa'a Rabbuk; ataaa'an ghaira majzooz
And those who are blessed shall be in Paradise: They will dwell therein for all the time that the heavens and the earth endure, except as your Lord wills: a gift without break.
Commentary of verses 11:106 to 11:109
The Quran repeatedly emphasises that human beings will face a final reckoning. After death, everyone will appear in God's court and be assigned either Paradise or Hell based on earthly conduct. This message is stressed so often because of the doubts people harbour.
Many observe that countless individuals on earth disregard God's commands yet still prosper. Nowhere do they see immediate rewards for the obedient or punishment for the disobedient. This breeds scepticism about any consequence beyond this life.
The Quran clarifies that people cling to falsehood not through careful reasoning, but through blind adherence to custom and tradition. If consequences are not immediately visible, it is because this life is a test. To make the test valid, people are given freedom until death to think and act as they choose. Death marks the transition from the place of trial to the place of judgement. There, everyone will receive what they truly deserve and lose whatever they wrongly accumulated.
Falaa taku fee miryatim mimmmaa ya'budu haaa'ulaaa'; maa ya'budoona illaa kamaa ya'budu aabaaa'uhum min qabl; wa innaa lamuwaf foohum naseebahum ghaira manqoos
Be not then in doubt as to what these men worship. They worship nothing but what their fathers worshipped before [them]: but indeed We shall pay them back [in full] their portion without [the least] abatement.
Commentary of verses 11:106 to 11:109
The Quran repeatedly emphasises that human beings will face a final reckoning. After death, everyone will appear in God's court and be assigned either Paradise or Hell based on earthly conduct. This message is stressed so often because of the doubts people harbour.
Many observe that countless individuals on earth disregard God's commands yet still prosper. Nowhere do they see immediate rewards for the obedient or punishment for the disobedient. This breeds scepticism about any consequence beyond this life.
The Quran clarifies that people cling to falsehood not through careful reasoning, but through blind adherence to custom and tradition. If consequences are not immediately visible, it is because this life is a test. To make the test valid, people are given freedom until death to think and act as they choose. Death marks the transition from the place of trial to the place of judgement. There, everyone will receive what they truly deserve and lose whatever they wrongly accumulated.
Wa laqad aatainaa Moosal Kitaaba fakhtulifa feeh; wa law laa Kalimatun sabaqat mir Rabbika laqudiya bainahum; wa innahum lafee shakkim minhu mureeb
We certainly gave the Book to Moses, but differences arose therein: had it not been that a word had gone forth before from your Lord, the matter would have been decided between them, but they are in suspicious doubt concerning it.
Commentary of verse 11:110
Sometimes the word 'salat' (prayer) is used to mean 'religion' more broadly, since prayer is the clearest outward sign of faith. Shu'ayb's people claimed to be religious and prayed regularly. Yet they mixed polytheism into their worship and practised dishonesty in their dealings. Shu'ayb urged them to worship God alone and deal fairly, warning that religion tainted by shirk and prayer accompanied by corruption are worthless in God's sight.
Such talk exposed the community's false piety, and they reacted with irritation. Having long been regarded as devout worshippers, they resented being corrected. They taunted Shu'ayb, suggesting he thought himself the only righteous person. In their eyes, only those with longstanding tradition or high social status were truly great. This is why they felt emboldened to mock him in such a manner.
Wa inna kullal lammaa la yuwaffiyannahum Rabbuka a'maalahum; innahoo bimaa ya'maloona Khabeer
And, unquestionably, to all will your Lord pay back [in full the recompense] of their deeds: for He knows well all that they do.
Commentary of verses 11:111 to 11:115
The call to truth is typically ignored at first, then opposed, and eventually met with intense hostility. This is a critical moment for those who call to truth. Believers may begin to consider different approaches. One is to become frustrated and attempt to use force where reasoning has failed. Another is to dilute the message, removing parts that displease the audience.
The first approach leads to extremism; the second amounts to compromise with falsehood. Both are equally wrong in God's eyes, especially the second, which is sinful. What God desires most is the clear, unambiguous declaration of truth, which compromise destroys. When obstacles arise in conveying truth, the caller should turn to God as much as possible. He alone, being All-Powerful, is the certain means of resolving every difficulty.
Fastaqim kamaaa umirta wa man taaba ma'aka wa laa tatghaw; innahoo bimaa ta'maloona Baseer
Therefore stand firm [in the straight Path] as you are commanded, you and those who with you turn [to Allah]; and transgress not [from the Path]: for He sees well all that you do.
Commentary of verses 11:111 to 11:115
The call to truth is typically ignored at first, then opposed, and eventually met with intense hostility. This is a critical moment for those who call to truth. Believers may begin to consider different approaches. One is to become frustrated and attempt to use force where reasoning has failed. Another is to dilute the message, removing parts that displease the audience.
The first approach leads to extremism; the second amounts to compromise with falsehood. Both are equally wrong in God's eyes, especially the second, which is sinful. What God desires most is the clear, unambiguous declaration of truth, which compromise destroys. When obstacles arise in conveying truth, the caller should turn to God as much as possible. He alone, being All-Powerful, is the certain means of resolving every difficulty.
Wa laa tarkanooo ilal lazeena zalamoo fatamassa kumun Naaru wa maa lakum min doonil laahi min awliyaaa'a summa laa tunsaroon
And incline not to those who do wrong, or the Fire will seize you; and you have no protectors other than Allah, nor shall you be helped.
Commentary of verses 11:111 to 11:115
The call to truth is typically ignored at first, then opposed, and eventually met with intense hostility. This is a critical moment for those who call to truth. Believers may begin to consider different approaches. One is to become frustrated and attempt to use force where reasoning has failed. Another is to dilute the message, removing parts that displease the audience.
The first approach leads to extremism; the second amounts to compromise with falsehood. Both are equally wrong in God's eyes, especially the second, which is sinful. What God desires most is the clear, unambiguous declaration of truth, which compromise destroys. When obstacles arise in conveying truth, the caller should turn to God as much as possible. He alone, being All-Powerful, is the certain means of resolving every difficulty.
Wa aqimis Salaata tarafayin nahaari wa zulafam minal layl; innal hasanaati yuzhibnas saiyi aat; zaalika zikraa liz zaakireen
And establish regular prayers at the two ends of the day and at the approaches of the night: For those things, that are good remove those that are evil: Be that the word of remembrance to those who remember [their Lord]:
Commentary of verses 11:111 to 11:115
The call to truth is typically ignored at first, then opposed, and eventually met with intense hostility. This is a critical moment for those who call to truth. Believers may begin to consider different approaches. One is to become frustrated and attempt to use force where reasoning has failed. Another is to dilute the message, removing parts that displease the audience.
The first approach leads to extremism; the second amounts to compromise with falsehood. Both are equally wrong in God's eyes, especially the second, which is sinful. What God desires most is the clear, unambiguous declaration of truth, which compromise destroys. When obstacles arise in conveying truth, the caller should turn to God as much as possible. He alone, being All-Powerful, is the certain means of resolving every difficulty.
And be steadfast in patience; for indeed Allah will not suffer the reward of the righteous to perish.
Commentary of verses 11:111 to 11:115
The call to truth is typically ignored at first, then opposed, and eventually met with intense hostility. This is a critical moment for those who call to truth. Believers may begin to consider different approaches. One is to become frustrated and attempt to use force where reasoning has failed. Another is to dilute the message, removing parts that displease the audience.
The first approach leads to extremism; the second amounts to compromise with falsehood. Both are equally wrong in God's eyes, especially the second, which is sinful. What God desires most is the clear, unambiguous declaration of truth, which compromise destroys. When obstacles arise in conveying truth, the caller should turn to God as much as possible. He alone, being All-Powerful, is the certain means of resolving every difficulty.
Why were there not, among the generations before you, persons possessed of balanced good sense, prohibiting [men] from corruption in the earth - except a few among them whom We saved [from harm]? But the wrongdoers pursued the enjoyment of the good things of life which were given them, and persisted in sin.
Commentary of verses 11:116 to 11:117
'Generation before you' refers to previous believing communities, the earlier People of the Book. A community faces ruin when the worldly blessings God gave to inspire gratitude instead fuel greed and materialism. Under such circumstances, the Islamic duty known as al-amr bi'l-ma'ruf wa'n-nahy 'an al-munkar—enjoining good and forbidding evil—becomes essential.
This responsibility requires Muslims to remind their neighbours of God and the Hereafter, monitor moral conduct, and guide people toward righteousness in all dealings. The absence of such righteous individuals occurs for one of two reasons: either the entire community has morally declined, leaving no righteous person, or the righteous remain but, overwhelmed by widespread evil, lack the courage to speak out for fear of losing respect.
In both cases, the community loses God's favour and becomes liable to divine retribution in one form or another.
Wa maa kaana Rabbuka liyuhlikal quraa bizulminw wa ahluhaa muslihoon
Nor would your Lord be the One to destroy communities for a single wrong-doing, if its members were likely to mend.
Commentary of verses 11:116 to 11:117
'Generation before you' refers to previous believing communities, the earlier People of the Book. A community faces ruin when the worldly blessings God gave to inspire gratitude instead fuel greed and materialism. Under such circumstances, the Islamic duty known as al-amr bi'l-ma'ruf wa'n-nahy 'an al-munkar—enjoining good and forbidding evil—becomes essential.
This responsibility requires Muslims to remind their neighbours of God and the Hereafter, monitor moral conduct, and guide people toward righteousness in all dealings. The absence of such righteous individuals occurs for one of two reasons: either the entire community has morally declined, leaving no righteous person, or the righteous remain but, overwhelmed by widespread evil, lack the courage to speak out for fear of losing respect.
In both cases, the community loses God's favour and becomes liable to divine retribution in one form or another.
Wa law shaaa'a Rabbuka laja'alannnaasa ummatanw waa hidatanw wa laa yazaaloona mukhtalifeen
If your Lord had so willed, He could have made mankind one people: but they will not cease to dispute.
Commentary of verses 11:118 to 11:119
In this world, countless creatures exist alongside human beings. All follow the fixed path of nature at all times. God could have created humans the same way, compelled to follow the straight path. But that was not His plan. Instead, He created humans with the capacity to make independent moral choices.
The diversity in human behaviour—some choosing one way, others another—results from this divine plan. It is undoubtedly a risky scheme, since many misuse their freedom and make themselves deserving of Hell. Yet this very plan enables the selection of noble souls worthy of God's special grace.
God has blessed the entire universe with His bounties. Through this plan, He grants His creatures the privilege of earning His grace, saying, 'You are entitled to this.' Such grace is given to the person whose awareness is so acute that they recognise their own powerlessness behind the apparent power granted to them as a test. Such a person sees through the veil of human power and glimpses God's power behind it. This perception removes all capacity for arrogance. When God grants His grace, saying, 'This is your entitlement,' the aware soul responds, 'O God, this too is Your grace—my deeds have no value in themselves.'
Illaa mar rahima Rabbuk; wa lizaalika khalaqahum; wa tammat Kalimatu Rabbika la amla'ana Jahannama minal jinnati wannnaasi ajma'een
Except those on whom your Lord has bestowed His Mercy: and for this did He create them: and the Word of your Lord shall be fulfilled: "I will fill Hell with jinn and men all together."
Commentary of verses 11:118 to 11:119
In this world, countless creatures exist alongside human beings. All follow the fixed path of nature at all times. God could have created humans the same way, compelled to follow the straight path. But that was not His plan. Instead, He created humans with the capacity to make independent moral choices.
The diversity in human behaviour—some choosing one way, others another—results from this divine plan. It is undoubtedly a risky scheme, since many misuse their freedom and make themselves deserving of Hell. Yet this very plan enables the selection of noble souls worthy of God's special grace.
God has blessed the entire universe with His bounties. Through this plan, He grants His creatures the privilege of earning His grace, saying, 'You are entitled to this.' Such grace is given to the person whose awareness is so acute that they recognise their own powerlessness behind the apparent power granted to them as a test. Such a person sees through the veil of human power and glimpses God's power behind it. This perception removes all capacity for arrogance. When God grants His grace, saying, 'This is your entitlement,' the aware soul responds, 'O God, this too is Your grace—my deeds have no value in themselves.'
Wa kullan naqussu 'alaika min ambaaa'ir Rusuli maa nusabbitu bihee fu'aadak; wa jaaa'aka fee haazihil haqqu wa maw'izatunw wa zikraa lilmu' mineen
All that we relate to you of the stories of the messengers, with it We make firm your heart: in them there comes to you the Truth, as well as an exhortation and a message of remembrance to those who believe.
Commentary of verses 11:120 to 11:123
The Quran recounts the lives of earlier prophets so that those who carry the message of truth today can draw strength from their example. These messengers faced rejection, mockery, and hardship from their communities. Yet God supported them, and truth ultimately prevailed. The fate of believers and deniers became clear in their own time and will be fully manifest in the Hereafter.
These accounts give modern callers to Islam confidence rooted in history. Challenges are inevitable when inviting people to truth, but they need not lead to fear or despair. Just as the prophets before them succeeded in the end, so too will those who remain steadfast and sincere in their work.
Wa qul lillazeena laa yu'minoona' maloo 'alaa makaanatikum innaa 'aamiloon
Say to those who do not believe: "Do what ever you can: We shall do our part;
Commentary of verses 11:120 to 11:123
The Quran recounts the lives of earlier prophets so that those who carry the message of truth today can draw strength from their example. These messengers faced rejection, mockery, and hardship from their communities. Yet God supported them, and truth ultimately prevailed. The fate of believers and deniers became clear in their own time and will be fully manifest in the Hereafter.
These accounts give modern callers to Islam confidence rooted in history. Challenges are inevitable when inviting people to truth, but they need not lead to fear or despair. Just as the prophets before them succeeded in the end, so too will those who remain steadfast and sincere in their work.
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وَٱنتَظِرُوٓا۟ إِنَّا مُنتَظِرُونَ
Wantaziroo innaa mun taziroon
"And wait you! We too shall wait."
Commentary of verses 11:120 to 11:123
The Quran recounts the lives of earlier prophets so that those who carry the message of truth today can draw strength from their example. These messengers faced rejection, mockery, and hardship from their communities. Yet God supported them, and truth ultimately prevailed. The fate of believers and deniers became clear in their own time and will be fully manifest in the Hereafter.
These accounts give modern callers to Islam confidence rooted in history. Challenges are inevitable when inviting people to truth, but they need not lead to fear or despair. Just as the prophets before them succeeded in the end, so too will those who remain steadfast and sincere in their work.
Wa lillaahi ghaibus samaawaati wal ardi wa ilaihi yurja'ul amru kulluhoo fa'bu-dhu wa tawakkal 'alaih; wa maa Rabbuka bighaafilin 'ammaa ta'maloon
To Allah do belong the unseen [secrets] of the heavens and the earth, and to Him goes back every affair [for decision]: then worship Him, and put your trust in Him: and your Lord is not unmindful of aught that you do.
Commentary of verses 11:120 to 11:123
The Quran recounts the lives of earlier prophets so that those who carry the message of truth today can draw strength from their example. These messengers faced rejection, mockery, and hardship from their communities. Yet God supported them, and truth ultimately prevailed. The fate of believers and deniers became clear in their own time and will be fully manifest in the Hereafter.
These accounts give modern callers to Islam confidence rooted in history. Challenges are inevitable when inviting people to truth, but they need not lead to fear or despair. Just as the prophets before them succeeded in the end, so too will those who remain steadfast and sincere in their work.